, we interpreted the kidney function test sheet for everyone, and the sugar friends expressed that they didn't read enough, hoping to have more interpretation of the test sheet. Today we will explain to you one of the most common test sheets- urine routine .
Urine protein has a plus sign, is it a bad kidney?
The urine sugar has a plus sign, is the blood sugar too high?
What does the high white blood cell mean?
Don’t worry, let’s make it clear to everyone.
In the urine routine test sheet, the common indicators are urine nitrite, urine protein, microalbumin, urine sugar, urine ketone body, urine occult blood, urine red blood cell, urine white blood cell_ span2span and so on.
urine protein
urine protein refers to the total protein content in urine. Under normal circumstances, urine protein should not appear in the urine, so it should be negative, that is, write "negative" or "-" in the result column. If a "+" appears, it means that proteinuria has occurred.
(bubbles will appear in the urine of proteinuria)
If you only check the urine routine once, the urine protein appears "+", don't panic.
Under certain physiological conditions, such as strenuous exercise, cold, fever, mental stress, etc., "physiological proteinuria" may occur, which is usually temporary, and there are fewer "+"s. At this time, the kidneys are not obvious The pathological changes.
Another situation is "pathological proteinuria", which means that the kidney has a problem and cannot filter small molecular proteins well, causing it to leak into the urine.In this case, proteinuria is generally persistent. The more "+", the higher the concentration of urine protein.
If you want to determine whether the kidney is damaged and the extent of the damage, you can't just look at the urine protein, but you need to do further tests.
urinary microalbumin
urinary microalbumin is actually a main component of urine protein, used to assess the degree of kidney damage, the normal reference value is 0-20mg/L or 0-30mg/24h ( Different hospitals may have different reference values and units according to different detection methods). Compared with urine protein, microalbumin is more sensitive and can detect early kidney damage .
If the urine protein is normal and is "negative", but the urine microalbumin is in the range of 20-200mg/L or 30-300mg/24h, it belongs to microalbuminuria, this means that the kidney has been damaged. But if it can be actively treated to repair the glomerulus, proteinuria can be eliminated.
If the urine protein has a "+", and the microalbumin exceeds 200mg/L or 300mg/24h, it means that there is a large amount of albumin leaking out, so be vigilant. This is a signal of obvious kidney damage. If it is not paid attention to, it may develop into uremia .
Urine sugar
Urine sugar refers to the glucose in the urine. Under normal circumstances, there should be no glucose in the urine, and the test result should be "negative". The more "+", the higher the glucose content in urine.
It should be noted that if a "+" appears, it does not mean that there must be diabetes .
Whether there is glucose in urine is related to many factors, such as blood sugar level, kidney's ability to filter blood sugar, renal tubules 's ability to reabsorb glucose and so on.
Ingestion of a large amount of sugar, chronic nephritis, hyperthyroidism, stress state (such as brain trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.) in a short period of time may make urine sugar positive, that is, a "+" state. If you want to know whether you have diabetes, you need to do further tests.
If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, you need to pay attention that urine sugar cannot be equated with blood sugar. The more urinary sugar "+", the higher the glucose concentration in the urine, not the higher the blood sugar level. In the same way, if urine glucose is normal, it does not mean that blood sugar is okay.
Urinary red blood cells/urinary occult blood
Urinary red blood cells and urine occult blood are generally put together to reflect whether there is bleeding in the urinary system.
Under normal circumstances, urine occult blood is negative. If a large number of red blood cells appear in the urine, this indicator will be abnormal. We commonly call it " hematuria ".
can cause hematuria for many reasons, such as nephritis , urinary system inflammation or stones, blood system diseases, tumors, etc.
If these two indicators are abnormal, don't be too panic. Normal people may also have red blood cell abnormalities during strenuous exercise, fever, etc., but they will not continue to occur, and we need to do further inspections.
Urinary white blood cell
Urinary white blood cell examination is mainly used for the diagnosis of urinary system infection. Under normal circumstances, white blood cells should be within 5HP.
If the white blood cells increase significantly, it means that there may be an infection of the urinary system, such as urethritis, cystitis, etc. In addition, some non-infectious diseases (such as crescent glomerulonephritis) and gynecological diseases (such as vaginitis, cervicitis , etc.) may also cause an increase in the number of white blood cells in the urine.
Urine ketone body
Urine ketone body indicates the content of ketone body in urine.
Under normal circumstances, energy in the body is provided by glucose metabolism, and ketone bodies are not produced. But if there are some special circumstances that cause too little glucose or can’t be used by the tissues,The body will break down fat to form "ketone bodies" for energy. When the rate of producing ketone bodies exceeds the rate of tissue utilization, the excess ketone bodies will be excreted with urine and become what we call "urinary ketone bodies".
In general, urine ketone bodies should be negative, but if you are in a state of severe vomiting, diarrhea, long-term malnutrition, hunger, strenuous exercise, etc., it is also easy to temporarily positive, that is, urine ketone body "+".
Sugar friends need to pay attention. If the blood sugar is very high, and the urine sugar and urine ketones have "+" at the same time, they must be alert to diabetic ketoacidosis .
Urinary nitrite
Under normal circumstances, there is no or only a small amount of nitrite in the urine. If this indicator is positive, it often represents a bacterial infection of the urinary tract.
The above indicators are relatively common and sugar friends often have doubts. We have carried out a relatively simple science popularization for everyone.
Here I would like to remind all sugar friends that when diagnosing a certain disease or judging the severity of a disease, it is not only based on a specific index, but often requires a comprehensive consideration in combination with multiple laboratory tests. Therefore, if the doctor prescribes multiple tests for you, you must do them on time so that you can have a more suitable treatment plan.
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