The Song Dynasty was the time when the bourgeoisie of Chinese society formally emerged. A large number of handicraftsmen, businessmen, and small business owners
constituted the middle class of the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty broke the strict division between the political and civilian areas of the Tang Dynasty city, and expanded civilian industrial and commercial operations to all corners of the city. The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianliang and the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, both had a population of over 100. Million big cities. Due to the development and growth of the bourgeoisie, the food culture of the Song Dynasty has developed by leaps and bounds, and has achieved considerable development. The small citizens have developed wealth, and they will naturally pursue high-quality life. As far as the food of the Song Dynasty is concerned, as long as you open the "Tokyo Dream Hualu" by Song Ren Meng Yuan and read the chapters such as
"Zhouqiao Night Market", "Diet Fruits" and other chapters, you will be greeted by various special snacks and delicacies The menu provokes
drooling undercurrents. Here are a few delicacies created in the Song Dynasty.
ham
The earliest appearance of the word "ham" was in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Su Dongpo made a clear note in his "Gewu Rough Talk · Diet"
contains the practice of ham, "ham is cooked with two pig pancreas. ,
oil is gone. Tibetan ham in the valley, no oil for decades, a
cloud chaff." In addition, it is said that the famous anti-gold fighter Zongze
of the Northern Song Dynasty brought back a few pieces of his hometown Zhejiang when he returned to Beijing. The bacon in Yiwu,
, was given to Song Gaozong Zhao Gou to taste it. Zhao Gou cut it open and saw the flesh color is fresh
red as fire, and after tasting it tastes delicious, he gave it the name
"ham".
Ham is rich in minerals and protein.
is not only mouth-watering and delicious, but also a tonic for
. Up to now, the Jinhua ham in Zhejiang, China
is not only sold domestically, but also exported to Europe and the United States. It still disperses
with the huge alluring charm that has been unique for thousands of years.
Hot Pot
The text that really records hot pot in Chinese history
Xian appeared in the Song Dynasty. Song man Lin Hong wrote in the "Shanjia Qingbao"
, "Shi Yun: Only thin batches in the mountains, wine sauce,
pepper material to live. Set the table with a wind furnace, half of the chop with water, wait
After a cup of soup is ringing, divide each with chopsticks, so that the soup will be cooked and eaten.”
It can be seen that this way of eating is no longer stewed and boiled,
is "flushing". Lin Hong also gave this way of eating a romantic name based on the beautiful scenery of "Sweeping Qingjiang
snow, wind turning over the sunset glow", and called it "Pak Xia Gong". Later, the eating method of
"Pixia Offering" spread, and people rushed to imitate
. Soon people have developed a method of using various meat and vegetables
dishes. The hot pot of the Song Dynasty and the modern hot pot
are the same in shape and structure, so people have to admire and admire
.
Dongpo meat
Speaking of Song Dynasty cuisine, I have to mention a person,
is Su Dongpo, he is a well-known food
home, and his books are related There are a lot of poems and articles about food.
Now the famous dishes named after "Dongpo" include: Dongpo elbow
, Dongpo fish, Dongpo tofu, Dongpo cake, Dongpo
soup, Dongpo Crisp, Dongpo Yuzin, Dongpo Yamiao, Dongpo
Douhua and so on. The most famous one is Dongpo meat. According to
, Dongpo meat was created by Su Dongpo himself in Huangzhou
. After being demoted to Huangzhou, he had a hard life. Seeing that the local pork
was cheap and few people bought it, he cooked
pork himself.Created the famous "Dongpo Meat" forever.
He also recorded the practice of Dongpo meat, as evidenced by the "Pork
Ode": "Wash the pan with little water, and the firewood will not be able to fill it with smoke
. Don't urge him until he is familiar with it. When the fire is full, he is beautiful from
. Huangzhou is good pork, the price is as cheap as the earth. The expensive people refuse to eat
, the poor do not decompose. I get up in the morning and play two bowls, and I am full
Pipe." Dongpo meat is delicious and mellow, the mouth is fat but not greasy. People are rushing to imitate this practice, and the reputation of "Dongpo meat" naturally spread. Later, people from
opened a shop named after "Dongpo Meat". So far, this is a famous dish in many regions of
.
"Slowly catch the fire, less water" is the main theme of the production of Dongpo meat
. In his other song "Raising After the Rain", he wrote
"Who can care about the fire, the small stove should take care of itself." The key to
. Slow cooking makes the soup thick, the meat is rotten and tastes
beautiful, the aroma is tangy, and the appetite is tempting. Studies have found that
has been slow-cooked for 1-2 hours, the saturated fat
acid has dropped by 30%-50%, and the unsatisfaction
and fatty acids that are beneficial to the human body have doubled. It can be seen that "Dongpo
meat" is not only non-fatty, but also beneficial to people. It is actually a delicious product that fits
's health regimen.
Bean Sprouts
Bean sprouts as vegetables began to be eaten in the Song Dynasty, Song people
Lin Hong recorded in the "Shan Jia Qing Gong": "The black
beans are exposed to water. The buds are placed in a pot with chaff, planted with sand and planted
beans, pressed with a board. If they are long, they are covered with buckets, and when dawn is dried
... , Bitter
wine and spices can be ru, especially sesame cakes. Light color
yellow,The name goose and soybeans are raw. "It not only clearly records the method of making
bean sprouts, but also introduces how to eat it.
"Rolled sesame cakes" is the originator of the
method of eating bean sprouts in Beijing. Song recorded in "Picture Jing Materia Medica":
"Mung beans, raw white buds are the best products in vegetables. "Meng Yuanlao
's "Tokyo Dream Hualu" also repeatedly mentioned bean sprouts,
such as: "Mung beans, adzuki beans, wheat, in a magnetic vessel,
is soaked in water, sprouts several inches, with The red baskets are bunched together, and
is called "seeding". "The Southern Song Dynasty poet Fang Yue also wrote a
poem titled "Bean Miao", which described the process of bean sprouts in detail. In addition, according to the Song Dynasty books,
had at least five kinds in the Song Dynasty. The bean sprouts are soybean sprouts,
mung bean sprouts, pea sprouts, broad bean sprouts, and red bean sprouts.
Bean sprouts are cheap, elegant and popular. They can be listed on
in Da Ya Hall, and they are also a commonplace for ordinary people. Vegetables. Beans
The nutritional value of bean sprouts is extremely high. Recent studies in the West have found that p2p
bean sprouts can fight fatigue, suppress cancer, and treat epilepsy. Nutritionists believe that bean sprouts are not only extremely high. The nutrition
also has extremely high therapeutic value. They agreed that bean sprouts
dishes are ideally nearly perfect foods. Unexpectedly, the bean sprouts dishes invented by Chinese ancestors ago were so godly.
is amazing.
popcorn
popcorn gives people a very modern feeling, with yellow
oil, chocolate and other sweetness, but in fact it is also the invention of
In the Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda wrote in "Wu Junzhi · Customs"
: "Shangyuan...The glutinous valley was popped in the kettle, named Pi
Lou, which is also called rice flower. Everyone blew themselves up,Take a one-year holiday in Buddhism
to blame. "On the occasion of the New Year, the Song people used popcorn to know the good and bad things of a year, and the girls asked themselves about the life-long events of
. The Song people added food to the culture to make it have
Popcorn is crisp and easy to digest, and can be used as a daily snack. The invention of popcorn reflects the richness of Chinese food
, and it creates a new kind of food The method of processing
is puffed food. Puffed food changes the state of the food through the physical high temperature and pressure of
,
taste, this processing method makes ordinary, discordant food
product change It is a delicious and distinctive snack. It can be said that popcorn thousands of years ago is the "ancestor" of all kinds of puffed snacks in modern times.
dumplings
in the north The custom of eating dumplings on New Year’s Eve is very popular. The origin of dumplings can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, but the real name of dumplings (Jiaozi) appeared in the Song Dynasty. In
"Tokyo Dream Hualu" "The
record of "Crystal Jiaoer" appeared in "Jiaoer", where the word "Jiaoer" was the etymology of the word "dumpling
子" later. "Old Wu Lin" "Steamed from
食There are "various colors Jiaoer" in Song Dynasty, indicating that there are many varieties of dumplings
in Song Dynasty.
Dumplings were introduced to Mongolia during the Song Dynasty. Dumplings
are pronounced like "bianshi" in Mongolian. Except for the name
In addition to the words p2p
, dumplings are influenced by the unrestrained personality of the Mongolian compatriots
, and their appearance has changed from the original thin stuffing to the thick stuffing
. With the conquest of the Mongol Empire, "flat food" also
spread all over the world, followed by Russian dumplings
, Kazakhstan dumplings, Korean dumplings and many other
"variants",The Mongolian Empire made great contributions to the spread of Chinese dumplings to the world
. The books of the Ming Dynasty
also confirmed this. Shen Bang's "Miscellaneous Notes of Wan Shu
" during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty recorded: "New Year's Day greetings, as a plaque". Liu
Ruo Yu's "Zhu Zhong Zhi" contains: "On the first day of the first day of the festival,
eat fruit snacks, that is, plaque food." It can be seen that the "flat food" in the northern
area of the Ming Dynasty has replaced the original. In the past
years, I eat Yuanzi, rice cakes and other foods.
Soy Sauce
Soy sauce is a salty
-type seasoning liquid brewed with soybeans as the main raw material, according to the "full material
" and "natural yellowing" process. Soy sauce has been habitually referred to as "qingjiang", "jiangqing", "soy sauce" and so on in Chinese history.
It was not until the Song Dynasty that the term "soy sauce" was clearly seen in historical
documents. The poet Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty once recorded the life experience of using sweet vinegar, sauce
oil or Dengxin to clean ink stains: "Jin Jian and Fan
face a mistake, soak it with a new pen with hot vinegar or soy sauce, or light_ p2p
"Just click and go". The emergence of the word "soy sauce", the meaning of
is not only that Chinese soy sauce has a more regular
name, but also the
history and culture behind this name.
soy sauce is the main seasoning for cooking in daily life
material, normal soy sauce has a bright reddish brown, body shape
clear, no suspended matter and precipitation, it will produce a lot of foam when shaking
, not easy to disperse go with. High-quality soy sauce should have a strong
sauce and ester aroma, delicious, mellow, and salty
palatable and no peculiar smell.
Everyone should pay attention to three points in ordinary cooking. The
one, it is best to add soy sauce before the dishes are out of the pan, and fry them slightly.
This can prevent the high temperature in the pot from destroying the amino acids in the soy sauce and destroying the nutritional value, and the sugar in the soy sauce will not be scorched and acidified.
Secondly, in order to effectively prevent the soy sauce from fermenting the white film, you can
drop a few drops of cooking oil into the soy sauce, put a few cloves of peeled garlic, or drop a few drops of white wine. Finally, cooking soy sauce
should not be used as a cold dressing.
Source: On the History of Cooking Wine Lu Tian
.
