Neuroscience (neuropathy) is a non-organic psychological disorder caused by mental factors. There are the most common psychological diseases in clinical practice, young patients aged 18-30.
. Characteristics of neurosis
First, generally there are no organic lesions that can be identified, but they do have psychological abnormalities, and they can even behave very seriously;
Second, they have sufficient self-control for their own lesions and can actively seek medical treatment;
. It is caused by excessive tension in advanced neural activities due to various psychological factors, which causes temporary imbalance in brain skills;
. Anxiety, defensive behavior, inconsistency in interpersonal relationships, physical discomfort, etc.
2. Common types of neurosis
. Neurasthenia
A common psychological disease among young people. Most of the people with mental labor are affected, especially young students. Due to certain long-term mental factors, the brain skill activity is over-tensioned and neuropsychiatric activity is reduced.
main characteristics of neurasthenia
first, emotional control ability is reduced. Easily excited, irritable, and restless, a small thing may cause a strong emotional reaction;
Second, Sleep disorder . Difficulty falling asleep, shallow sleep, dreamy, easy to wake up or wake up early;
Fourth, autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Palpitations , chest tightness, sweating, poor appetite, and easy fatigue.
case 1
Xiao Wang felt sick. Over the past year, she felt headache, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, dreaming, poor appetite, weight loss, she was drowsy all day long, unable to lift her spirits, unable to concentrate, and had a significant loss of memory. She seemed to lose motivation, had a bad temper, and felt struggling with what she wanted to do, but she kept thinking about what she didn't want to do and couldn't control herself. After undergoing electroencephalography, CT examinations in internal medicine and neurology, the results were normal.
Typical neurasthenia characteristics: fatigue, irritability, headache, insomnia, difficulty in concentration, and no organic lesions.
.Obsessential disorder
A type of neurotic disorder , which is characterized by the repeated appearance of obsessive-compulsive concepts as the basic characteristics.
compulsive concept: it is the idea or intention that repeatedly enters the field of patient consciousness in a stereotyped form.
compulsive behavior: is a recurring stereotyped behavior or ritual action, and is the result of the patient succumbing to the obsessive concept and striving to relieve inner anxiety.
case2
She is a clerk. She has somehow developed a problem in the past two years. She always feels that the surroundings are very dirty and there are many bacteria. Others can't touch her, and she doesn't touch other people's things. If she has to touch other people's things, she will wash her hands immediately, and it will be endless after washing. Sometimes she even needs to wash for 1 to 2 hours. Because of the constant washing, both hands become rough and rough. The patient said that she knew it was unnecessary to do this, but she just couldn't control it, and she was very distressed about it.
patients subjectively feel that there is some irresistible and forced helpless concept, intention or behavior. I clearly realize that forced entry, entangled ideas or behaviors that I do not want to enter are meaningless. I know that it is not necessary, but I cannot control and overcome it, so I feel very painful.
Reasons: stimulation of life events; lasting mental factors; intense emotional experience; personal personality characteristics.
manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder:
(1) Obsessive-compulsive concept
compulsive thoughts: Some thoughts or sentences appear involuntarily in the brain, which affects normal life;
forced suspicion: I have unnecessary doubts about what I have done and I am still worried after repeated confirmation, such as repeatedly locking the door and always doubting whether to put the letter into the mailbox when I invest in the letter;
forced remembrance: I repeatedly recall the past and feel painful;
forced association: I think of forests, wild beasts, etc. when I see a tree.
(2) Forced intention
Patients are often entangled by some desires and intentions that are opposite to normal psychological states and have some impulses that may lead to terrible consequences. When you go to the river, you will have the intention to jump down, and when you hold the knife, you will have the intention to chop people, etc. Although the patient does not really do this behavior, he is anxious and distressed by inescapable intentions.
(3) Forced behavior
Forced counting: count steps, steps, stairs, floors and telephone poles, etc., knowing that there is no objection, but still count involuntarily;
Forced etiquette: Take your left foot first when walking, and use a brush to your shoes. When you encounter someone else’s funeral, you must spit a mouthful of phlegm. You must find a feeling when taking a bath. You must emphasize the order and order of dressing and shoes.
Forced hand washing and laundry: mostly related to unclean horror and disease horror.
refers to a very strong sense of fear for certain people, things or special situations. It is usually extremely disproportionate to the situation that causes fear and is difficult to understand. Knowing that your fear is unrealistic, you cannot control yourself.
More women than men, and more often occur in adolescents or early adulthood.
manifestations of phobia
(1) Social fear
is afraid to make a fool of others and be afraid to attract attention. Symptoms such as blushing, trembling, nausea or urgency to urinate; dare not face to face with people and avoid talking to others; some people have phobia symptoms for special interactions, such as terror of the opposite sex.
(2) Space fear
Empty fear: A horror attack occurs when passing through an empty place, accompanied by strong anxiety and anxiety.
Closed room horror: Fear of closed spaces, such as elevators, rooms, etc.;
High-altitude fear: Fear of going upstairs or climbing high. More common in women.
(3) Animal fear
Fear of seeing or contacting certain animals, such as dogs, snakes, insects, etc., which often occur in childhood, but often lasts until adulthood.
(4)Disease fear
Hardness for a certain disease, such as Tuberburial , hepatitis, cancer, etc. Wear gloves when in contact with people or dare not contact with people at all. Fear of sharp tools. Ignorance and horror.
. Depression
Depression is a neurological symptom characterized by persistent depression. Depression is characterized by depression and world-weariness. The patient feels desolate, often sighs, loses interest in people and things, often has headaches, upset, dreams, panic, fatigue, diarrhea, etc. When this disease is serious, people will feel strong world-weariness and even have the idea of suicide.
According to WHO statistics, the global incidence of depression is about 11%. Depression has now become the fourth largest disease in the world and is expected to become the second largest disease in humans after heart disease by 2020. With the continuous escalation of social competition, the prevalence rate is on the rise.
According to relevant surveys, the incidence of depression in my country is about 3% to 5%.Among these patients with depression, 10% to 15% of people may eventually die of suicide. In sharp contrast to the high incidence, the current recognition rate of depression in hospitals at or above the municipal level nationwide is less than 20%. Among the existing patients with depression, less than 10% of people receive relevant medications.
According to the latest research statistics, the direct economic burden caused by depression in China is RMB 14.1 billion, the indirect economic burden is RMB 48.1 billion, and the total economic burden reaches RMB 62.2 billion.
) Specific manifestations of depression
- depressed, slow thinking, depressed, depressed, depressed, lost interest, lack of vitality, and unable to cheer up anything;
- unwilling to participate in social interaction, deliberately avoiding people, lack confidence in life;
- cannot experience the joy of life;
- often try to use sleep to drive away depression or boredom, Or sit and lie down everywhere;
- is indifferent and ruthless; irritable; have the idea of suicide.
- physical symptoms. Psychiatric symptoms.
) The cause of depression?
Genetic: an important factor, 50% of patients have had this disease.
Brain Neural conduction objects are lost: the area of the brain tube emotions is disturbed, beyond its skill range.
Character traits: inferiority, pessimism, perfectionism and strong dependence.
Social environmental factors: a series of stimulation, loss, chronic diseases or unwelcome major decisions in life, etc.
Eating habits: The brain is responsible for behavior Nerve impulses conduct substances will be affected by food. Such as poor eating habits and frequent snacks are the most common causes of depression.
, Anxiety Disorder - The attack form of anxiety disorder
Anxiety Disorder is a common neurosis. People with anxiety often feel nervous and uneasy without obvious reasons, no clear object, and a wide range of issues; they are often worried but cannot explain the specific reasons.
Near-death feeling: chest tightness and shortness of breath, uncomfortable in the heart, and fear of dying quickly. "Nurse brings oxygen quickly." But no one will die.
terror: A sense of fear appears inexplicably, such as fear of darkness, furry animals, sharp knife and scissors, fear of thieves under the bed... Even people who have always been brave will have fear, but they cannot point out the object of fear.
Mental collapse: At this time, my heart is in a mess, I have no control, I feel mentally out of control, I am worried that I will be "crazy" and fear and anxiety. But it won't be a mental attack.
case3
Xiao Chen, female, a first-year student in college physics, visited the doctor for anxiety and insomnia. Xiao Chen has been among the best in his grades since he was a child, and he never had to worry about his parents and teachers. He had always been proud of his physics college entrance examination results. However, after entering university, he failed the ordinary physics exam and never recovered from it. He ignored collective activities and was particularly afraid of physics. The interpersonal relationships in the class were tense, insomnia, and had nightmares. He was afraid that others would see that she didn't understand many questions and dared not ask the teacher. He tried his best to concentrate in class, but the effect was not good. He wanted to sleep when he returned to the dormitory, and was worried that he would not be able to catch up with his classmates. He insisted on studying, but the effect was poor. He gradually could not cope with other courses. As long as he encountered problems he didn't understand, he started to tremble, his whole body was stiff and difficult to relax.
