1. Understanding of the use and importance of the consultation relationship
Client Center Therapy (CC): The emphasis and utilization of the consultation relationship far exceeds that of other schools. It not only makes full use and value the consultation relationship, but also uses it as a therapeutic technology for operation.
discovered the importance of the consultation relationship and emphasized it in particular that it started with Rogers , who defined consultation as an interpersonal help relationship. Based on this understanding, during the consultation process, they do not focus on the client’s problems, why does this problem occur, and what techniques should be used to help him overcome psychological difficulties, but instead try to establish an ideal consultation relationship and create a special communication atmosphere. Rogers even believes that the impact of therapeutic relationships on the changes in the client's personality is far greater than the effect of the therapeutic techniques used by the therapist.
Psychoanalysis (P): The position of the counseling relationship in the psychoanalysis therapy school is actually as important as their therapeutic techniques, but it only works as an indispensable basis, rather than as a therapeutic technique.
Psychoanalytic therapy attaches great importance to the exploration of the human subconscious mind, and turns the content in the subconscious mind into consciousness as mentioned above. This requires the disclosure of the subconscious mind through association, dream interpretation and other methods. transference is the core and key of this school's consultation process. Obviously, the generation of transference relationships here requires a good consulting relationship as the basis. Therefore, in the process of psychoanalytic therapy, it is emphasized that the consultant should first establish a safe atmosphere so that the client can express his thoughts.
Behavioral Therapy (B): Traditional behavioral therapy does not pay much attention to the role of consultation relationships in the treatment process, but contemporary behavioral therapy has absorbed the results from the research on consultation relationships, emphasizing that good relationships should be established with clients during the consultation process, guide clients to exert subjective initiative and actively participate in treatment.
Although they have begun to pay attention to the factors of the consultation relationship and tend to involve clients in setting goals during the treatment process, overall, their work focus has not changed, and they have always focused on changing behavior, rather than on the "people" in the consultation relationship and consultation, ignoring individual differences among clients.
Cognitive Therapy (CT): Rational emotional therapy denies the importance of a counseling relationship with therapeutic functions. It does not agree that it is a necessary condition for consultation, and it also denies that it is a key factor that is sufficient to make the treatment effective. It is just to treat the counseling relationship as an auxiliary condition to support and encourage clients to explore and change themselves.
Their work focus is on the change of the client's cognition, rather than the client himself, and even does not consider the emotional changes of the client. This is like the behaviorist school, which focuses on problems rather than relationships during the treatment process. Representative figure Alice believes that even if the client is disgusted with the consultant, effective treatment can still be achieved.
Baker cognitive therapy believes that establishing a counseling relationship is the prerequisite and key to the success of consultation. It should be a "co-construction" relationship, which changes cognitive distortion through the joint collaboration between the counselor and the client.
This point is similar to the counseling relationship theory of the psychoanalytic school, and it is less sharp and aggressive than rational emotion therapy.
