Health is not only a disease-free state, but also a good state of physical, psychological and social functions. Mental health is a state of intact in which a person has a reasonable cognition, stable emotions, appropriate behavior, harmonious interpersonal relationships, and adaptation to changes in the process of growth and development. Everyone may encounter psychological troubles, everyone has the need to improve their mental health, and even at different ages in humans, even in infants and toddlers, there are relatively high psychological problems.
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October 10 is World Mental Health Day . This year's theme is "Creating a good environment and helping mental health together." In order to understand the mental health status of various groups of people in in the province, it provides a scientific basis for mental health promotion. , Guangdong regularly invites community residents to participate in the "Guangdong Province Resident Mental Health Literacy Survey". By inviting and selecting community residents, we guide the answer to a questionnaire, and investigate and monitor mental health literacy, insomnia, depression, anxiety and related chronic diseases. The expert team of will strictly keep confidential for all personal information collected.
High-incidence psychological problems in different age groups of humans
Frequently asked questions about infants and young children (0-3 years old): psychological development problems caused by improper parenting methods, such as slow language development, fear of strangers, incompetent people, and prone to lose their temper.
Suggestion: Parents talk more with their children and interact more emotionally, provide good stimulation of the language environment, respect and guide children to recognize and express emotions, and cultivate good living behavior habits. This is a feasible way to avoid abnormal psychological and behavioral abnormalities in infants and young children.
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Frequently asked questions for preschool children (4-6 years old): It is difficult to leave parents, is too timid and nervous, and is unwilling to go to kindergarten; it is difficult to get along with peers, is alone, is not sociable, crying when moving, loses temper, etc.
Suggestion: Encourage children to participate in peer games, express emotional experiences, share outdoor exercises and housework with children, and cultivate children's independence and cooperation abilities. This is a feasible way to avoid mental health problems in preschool children.
Frequently Asked Questions for School Age Children and Adolescents (7-17 years old): Learning Problems (such as Exam Anxiety, Learning Difficulties), Interpersonal Problems (such as School Maladaptation, Rush School), Emotional Problems, Sexual Psychological Development Problems, Behavior Problems (such as Bullying, Self-harm, Impulsive), Internet Addiction, Smoking, Alcohol, Exposure to Drugs, Excessive Star Chasing, Over-dieting, Anorexia and Gluttony.
Suggestion: Build a relaxed and pleasant family atmosphere, give love and respect, provide effective communication and companionship; cultivate children's diverse interests and hobbies such as sports and art, improve self-confidence and build a sense of meaning; improve social adaptability, which is a feasible way to avoid mental health problems of school-age children and adolescents.
Frequently Asked Questions for Young and Middle-aged People (18-64 years old): Work-related issues, such as poor adaptation to the work environment, interpersonal tension, employment and work pressure, and family-related issues, such as frustration in establishing intimate relationships, marital crisis, family-related tension, and children's education issues.
Suggestion: Building a good interpersonal support network and reasonably vent bad emotions, such as confiding, exercising, cultivating interests and hobbies; eating reasonably and working regularly; insisting on learning and trying to accept new things is a feasible way to avoid mental health problems among young and middle-aged people.
Frequently asked questions for the elderly (65 years old and above): retirement, relationship with children, empty nests, family and marriage changes, physical diseases, etc., bring about depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis and other problems.
Suggestion: You can learn to seek help from relatives and friends, express your true feelings, and adjust your expectations to the appropriate level according to objective reality. Children should care more about their parents, provide support and comfort, and encourage them to establish new interpersonal circles, participate in community and social activities more, learn new knowledge, and expand interests and hobbies. This is a feasible way to avoid the occurrence of mental health problems in middle-aged and elderly people.
Psychological problems QA
Q:Can children cultivate their self-confidence and praise their children for being smart?
A: Frequently using "stupid" and "smart" may become labels on children, making them mistakenly think that exams are to show their cleverness. This purpose may affect the mentality of exams. If I don't do well in the exam, it means I am not smart. In this case, learning is to show others or prove their abilities to others. They often use some opportunistic methods to prove themselves, such as choosing easier books to read to become the students who read the most. If it is difficult to win in the exam, they may adopt strategies to avoid failure, such as playing games crazy before the exam rather than studying, in order to tell others that failure is just because they disdain. Compared with "reviewing hard but failing", "failing because of "not reviewing" can comfort yourself and fool others.
Q: People who have insomnia at night should take more sleep during the day ?
A: "Sleeping insomnia" during the day cannot improve the symptoms of insomnia, but will disrupt our normal sleep rhythm and aggravate insomnia. The human body's sleep-awakening rhythm is regulated by the biological clock, and under normal and healthy state, it has relatively stable patterns. "Sleeping up" may cause disorders in the sleep-wake rhythm, whether it is a long "nap" during the day or a "early bed" in bed at night. Simply put, it means that you can't fall asleep when you should go to bed, and you always want to sleep when you shouldn't.
Q: Cleanliness is obsessive-compulsive disorder ?
A: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by obsessive-compulsive concepts, compulsive behaviors, or both. Obsessive concepts are recurring, persistent, invasive thoughts, pictures or impulses that stimulate anxiety. Compulsive behavior is a specific behavior or ritual behavior that the patient feels driven to perform repeatedly to alleviate or prevent anxiety caused by compulsive ideas.
Although some people often do certain repetitive behaviors, judging whether a compulsive behavior usually depends on the influence of social function and perception. If the cleanliness is just that I prefer to be clean, and sometimes I will not cause anxiety and pain if I don’t clean, and the concepts and behaviors of cleanliness are within the range that I can control, and last for a short time and will not affect its normal social function, then it is not obsessive-compulsive disorder!
Q: Can you reduce the medication by yourself after taking the medicine to improve after taking the medicine?
A: The recurrence of patients with mental and mental illness caused by repeated reduction of medication or cessation of medication has been observed by many clinicians in clinical work, and it is vividly summarized as "taking three wrecks and not gaining wisdom." Specifically, many patients often make their own decisions after the first or multiple treatments, when their condition has improved significantly or is close to recovery, reducing the medication or stopping the medication, and the condition quickly deteriorates or recurses, resulting in having to retreat the treatment. Previous treatments have not achieved curative effects, which makes it much more difficult to retreat. We must adhere to a treatment principle - follow the doctor's advice and treat the whole process.
mood stabilizer is the basic medicine for biphasic treatment.
Q:Does drinking a small amount of alcohol before going to bed help improve the quality of sleep?
A: Alcohol can induce sleep and shorten the sleep time.: First, after drinking for a period of time, as the alcohol in the body is slowly metabolized, the sedative effect of alcohol on the human body will also decrease, which makes people wake up soon after falling asleep, resulting in poor sleep in the middle of the night and constant sleep; secondly, drinking before going to bed will disrupt the normal sleep cycle, interfere with normal sleep patterns, reduce the overall sleep quality, resulting in daytime sleep, inattention, slow thinking, etc.; further, alcohol will relax the human throat muscles, causing people to snore.
In addition, for people who occasionally drink, although drinking before going to bed can initially help sleep, the human body will soon be immunized to the initial amount of alcohol, resulting in a weakening of sleep aid. Relying on drinking a small amount of alcohol to help fall asleep is not a good way.
Q: Respond to psychological crises caused by emergencies, commonly used self- psychological adjustment method
A: Emergencies may have an impact on people's mental health, causing psychological trauma or crisis. Crisis events are like food constantly churning in the gastrointestinal tract, causing individual pain. Because of this strong sense of pain, the individual will avoid the places, clues and memories of the incident. But these events will appear repeatedly and uncontrollably in our minds, making us feel like we have nowhere to escape. At this time, people will experience sleep, attention, and memory disorders, accompanied by corresponding changes in emotions, cognition, and behavior.
If an individual feels uncomfortable after facing an emergency, he can try several commonly used self-psychological adjustment methods such as breathing relaxation method, "butterfly pat" relaxation method, "safe island" relaxation and stability training, and mindful stress relief method. If the above several self-psychological adjustment methods still cannot alleviate the psychological crisis, you should seek help and provide guidance from mental health and mental health professionals.
Q: Is anxiety harmful or not beneficial?
A: Anxiety is an unpleasant emotional experience that seems to be going to happen and is difficult to cope with. Is anxiety a bad mood? In fact, emotions themselves are not right or wrong. It is normal for us to feel anxious when we face important people and things, and anxiety does not mean disease. Moderate anxiety has positive significance and can fully mobilize various functions of our body and improve reaction speed and alertness. If you are suffering from anxiety, try some of the following ways to adjust your status.
1. Improve your awareness of emotions.
2. Reflect on the reasons behind anxiety.
3. Create a positive emotional experience.
4. Focus on actions within your ability.
The pressure in life is inevitable. Everyone has the ability to learn and grow, and gradually becomes the best self through repeated experiences.
Q: People who often smile won’t suffer from depression ?
A: Sometimes it is difficult to see whether a person suffers from mental disorders. Many people with mental illness will cover themselves up with a layer of smile and optimism. They can socialize and work normally, but it does not mean that they are truly happy. If you are in a state of "smile and depression", you can seek help from professional institutions and psychotherapists. If you find that the person around you is in a state of "smile and depression", please lend a helping hand to let the depressed person have a real smile again.
Q: Can mental and mental illness be diagnosed using online psychological questionnaires?
A: Most people have done so-called psychological tests in the mass media: "Test your level of depression", "Character test", "Test your relationship", "Test your temperament type" and "Test you have". But most of these tests are designed to attract people's attention and get clicks. People are interested in these tests because they hope that they can better understand their own and others’ behavior. But in fact, whether you have mental and mental illness is not measured by online questionnaires, but is diagnosed by professionals. The diagnosis of mental illness requires professionals such as psychiatrists to collect various information to make a diagnosis. The results of psychological tests are auxiliary to the diagnosis of individual mental health levels and can provide reference for clinical diagnosis. Human psychological activities are complex and cannot be concluded based on the results of a psychological test alone. Psychological tests are a tool that serves diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis requires comprehensive evaluation information to be made.
Q:Is the main cause of most mental and psychological abnormalities the main cause is heredity?
A: Clinical discovery: Even identical twins with exactly the same genetic basis can be manifested as one person’s mental health and one person suffers from schizophrenia. This shows that factors outside of genetics have a greater impact on mental illness. The environment that affects the occurrence of mental illness is multi-level, and the most direct and important is the early family environment of personal growth.In addition, the social and cultural environment also directly affects individuals' psychological development by directly affecting their family, school, work, etc. Therefore, genetic factors cannot determine whether a person will suffer from a certain mental illness, and the impact of the growth environment is also very important.
Interview and writing: Nandu reporter Wang Daobin Correspondent Guangdong Weixin
