Is there any book that feels like the whole life is opened after reading it?

"A strong woman will never have a good result." "

"The male lead outside, the female lead inside. This is the heavenly way that has been handed down since ancient times. Only in this way can the family be happy. The woman wants to return to her place.

"A good job is worse than a good marriage!"

"I raise you!" "

……

These theories seem to be no problem, it seems that the older generations are saying this, but in fact, these are the era of oppression and oppression between men and women.

Don’t understand, right? Let’s break it down, what Engels said when analyzing marriage.

So, today, I will tell you about Engels’s book The part of the book about marriage and the evolving status of women. Then, please let everyone discuss what marriage is.

01: Engels,What did you say about women, family, and marriage?

Engels’s book is based on Marx’s study of Morgan’s book " ancient society" during his lifetime. He sorted out and added Marx’s notes. I have collected the information and thoughts I have collected.

For women, family, and marriage, Engels said this: In the age of ignorance and barbarism, the family did not exist in the beginning.

On the contrary, in that era, the group was the highest social group that we could see among animals. It was probably composed of families, but the family and the group were in confrontation from the beginning. They develop in inverse proportion.

This should not be difficult to understand. In ancient times, living conditions were harsh. To realize the great progress of mankind in nature, one factor must be met: the combined strength of the group and collective action to make up for the lack of individual self-defense ability.

The probability of a group surviving is definitely greater than the probability of a family surviving.

Therefore, at that time, there is no jealousy and tolerance between adult males, which is the first condition for forming a larger and lasting group.

Thinking 1: Since human beings were not jealous between men and women at the beginning, when did the exclusivity form? What is the basis for formation?

Then in this case,An ancient form of marriage was formed: group marriage.

is a group of people, a row of women and a row of men, each as husband and wife, all women are mothers of all children, all men are also fathers of all children.

At this time, incest is not forbidden. It is possible to mate between father and daughter, mother and son, and siblings.

Of course, this will definitely eliminate a group of ancient humans due to genetic problems, and then humans will naturally pay more and more attention to the system of external marriage.

The matriarchal society developed during this period.

The reason is that the child can only determine who is his mother, but not who is his father.

After humans gradually ruled out blood marriage, the lineage can still only be determined from the mother side, and the inheritance relationship, of course, can only be discussed from the mother side. At this time, it gradually developed, called maternity. system.

So everyone is thinking about a question, is there such a thing as love in a matriarchal society?

Yes, it does not exist.

Westmark said: "The hybrid state contains the suppression of personal love."

This form of matriarchy has existed for a long time until human productivity has further developed. Yes, after all, human beings have developed. Productivity determines the relationship of production, and of course, it also determines the marriage relationship between people.

After the gradual development of productivity, the second main form of marriage appeared- duality .

In the dual system, a man has many wives, but has a master wife. This man may also be the woman's main husband.

The characteristic of the dual system is shortness.

Marriage is easily dissolved by either party, and the children still belong to the mother as before.

Did you find out now? Women still have the right to divorce.

The emergence of duality is also due to humans' rejection of male and female mating in blood relations.

For the development of their own group, they no longer allow people to mate in their own group, but ask other groups to find women to mate.

But there is a phenomenon-grabbing marriage, and buying and selling women.

Of course, here, the slavery of women is only a rudiment. In the period of duality, the status of women is still very respected.

Under the household economy of the communist system, women take on very heavy jobs. This is a phenomenon discovered by travellers and missionaries in the charming and barbaric tribes in the 19th century, but in such tribes , The status of women is very high.

Here, Engels has the original saying: "A who is respected in appearance and free from all practical labor. The noble ladies of the civilized era have a very low social status compared to the women who worked hard in the barbaric era. Yes, the latter is regarded as a real noblewoman in this nation.”

Thinking 2, do you really think that those contemporary ladies who are attached to men, women who are complacent in order to marry a rich man, have a high social status? _strong8e

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quote , And with the improvement of productivity, people’s production has a surplus. Since there is a surplus, there is a problem of inheritance. Then at this time, private ownership has appeared. The overthrow of matriarchy.

The main reason is that under duality, people’s marriage is fragile. When two people are separated, men take away advanced production tools, even livestock.

As far as the group is concerned, it is a loss.

In addition, men who have a balance of production materials will have inheritance problems.

However, men cannot confirm who their children are, so at this time, they are targeted at Female monogamy will appear, that is to say, a female only mates with a male, which is the need of male inheritance.

The control of advanced production tools by males has prompted them to cause a group of power changes.

and men’s need for inheritance has led to a further decline in women’s status.

So is thinking 3 here: do men really care about inheriting their genes from the beginning? not really,In the group marriage system , men don’t care who their children are, so they don’t care if their genes are passed on.

Only when private ownership came into being, men had mastered the advanced productivity of . After had the remaining production materials, there was a demand for blood descendants, and the purpose of this demand is still for production. The eternal possession of data.

So, is it possible to say that the monogamy was created to serve the private ownership of production materials , can you think about it?

Here Engels said: "The overthrow of matriarchy is a failure of women with historical significance in the world. Husbands also have power in the home, while wives are degraded, enslaved, and become lustful. A slave becomes a simple tool for giving birth."

Sadly, the word family, at first, did not refer to husband, wife, family, and children, but slave .

At this time, in order to ensure the virginity of the wife, so as to ensure that the child is born from a certain father, the wife is under the absolute management of the husband.Husbands have power over their wives.

But at this time, the female child still has the right of inheritance, but if she marries to another tribe, this right of inheritance disappears. In other words, women cannot take away the production materials of any tribe.

At this time, a man can mate with several women, depending on the number of production materials. Maybe they can have only one wife, but they can have many concubines or female slaves.

Thinking 4: Under the patriarchy, is there such a thing as love? What is the status of women?

Actually, at this stage, any marriage will not allow the parties to make their own decisions.

Well, under the dual system, what appears is the exclusive system.

The difference between a monogamous family and a dual system is that the marriage relationship is much stronger, and this relationship can no longer be arbitrarily dissolved by both parties.

Unfortunately, the word "special" is still only for women, but not for men.

At this stage, men have the right to dissolve their marriage and drive their wives away, but women do not. Men have the right to be unfaithful to marriage, but women have to be severely punished.

At this time, the nominal monogamy is being implemented,But men who possess the means of production have the right to go whoring or marry a concubine.

Is this already similar to the relationship between husband and wife in feudal society?

A man marries a wife, but he can marry countless concubines. At the same time, he requires the master wife to be magnanimous and not jealous.

And everything exists in opposition. If there is a monogamy, there must be concubines and prostitution. Just like now, if there is a marriage, there is bound to be derailment.

Engels, at this moment, said something like this: "In the final analysis, to a man, she is still the mother of his wedlock and heir, his highest housekeeper and master of female slaves. He can Feel free to accept these female slaves as concubines."

So thinking 5 is here: In feudal society, women can divorce at will? Not really, right? Will divorced women be re-accepted by society? It's kind of hard, isn't it?

Will women require their husbands to be loyal to them? No, right?

Thinking 6: Do women have inheritance rights in feudal society? No, only a dowry, right?

here,Engels made a conclusion for one-to-one, private individual marriages—individual marriages never appeared as a reconciliation between men and women in history.

On the contrary, individual marriage appears as a female enslaved by a male, as a declaration of a conflict between the sexes unprecedented in the entire prehistoric history.

Are you surprised? The emergence of marriage is oppressive from the beginning.

So thinking 7 is here, does love exist in marriage in feudal society? Does the exclusivity as the foundation of love exist?

Well, since it is about love, Engels uses the word sex to describe it. In other words, sex only becomes a pleasant thing when it comes to this. Before, it was just reproduction.

With the further development of productivity, in the capitalist society, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat appeared. The bourgeoisie continues their monogamy. Although men and women are legally equal, it still goes hand in hand with prostitution and adultery.

The proletariat has developed a new marriage model.

Because the proletariat has no property, men and women among them must join the army of laborers in order to survive.

Here, there is no impetus to establish male domination.

workers are poor,Regardless of whether it is a man or a woman, male workers have no effect of ownership over female workers.

The prostitution and adultery in the monogamous system are extremely small among the working class.

and women have regained the right to divorce.

Thinking 8: Why is the power of divorce always mentioned? This is a very important power, right?

There is an important point here, which I haven't figured out before, but now I understand, that is, about housework.

In the ancient communal household economy, housework was mainly undertaken by women, and at the same time it was respected, because it was contributing to the entire group and was a necessary social labor.

But after the emergence of private ownership, especially the emergence of monogamous system, housework has become a kind of private service.

Women still undertake housework, but they no longer have social value. Because society does not need housework, it is only the men in that family who need housework.

Therefore, women engaged in housework have their value fully endowed by the men they marry. When men no longer need them, they are worthless.

This is the bourgeois ,Under the monogamous system, the essence of the wife.

However, women in the proletariat have broken this point, because women also have to participate in production, and housework is no longer their obligation. They can choose to participate or not to participate in housework.

But undoubtedly, participating in housework will take up their time to participate in social labor.

But unfortunately, not all proletarian women are aware of this. Engels says here: “Modern individual families are built on the open or hidden women’s domestic slavery.”

Look, it's very vivid, right?

Thinking 9: Have you ever thought of rejecting housework? Are you a dual laborer who undertakes both social labor and housework?

So, here is the famous sentence of Engels: "The first prerequisite for women’s liberation is that all women return to public service." Here, it seems that it has reached the modern age.

Just like the continent of Europe in the 9th century, civilians would rather starve to death than engage in production, because that was once done by slaves.

people’s thinking changes,Always slower than the development of social economy, and finally forced by the society, can I realize that I already have a certain power, or I have lost a certain power.

And contemporary Chinese women, do you have to think about a question, are you really aware of your own power? Are your inner ideas still stuck in feudal society? Dream of becoming a mistress? But where do you have the capital to demand the loyalty of men?

Thinking 10: Is the marriage of the bourgeoisie based on love or the means of production?
Thinking 11: What is the basis of proletarian marriage?
Thinking 12: Is the marriage of the proletariat strong? Or can it be dismantled at any time?

Engels has arrived here, and he has gone a step further. He imagined the future.

He said that in the future, private ownership will eventually be eliminated, and the means of production will eventually become shared by society.What was it like then?

At that time, prostitution will disappear, because women do not have to sell their bodies for money.

And the status of women will also change. Individual families are no longer social economic units, private housework has become a social business, and the raising and education of children has become a public matter, and society cares for everything equally. Children, whether born in or out of wedlock.

At this time, personal love and love between men and women are equal, and love without any other factors.

People stay together just because they like each other, and separate because they don’t like each other anymore.

Marriage, and there is never a lifetime requirement to get married.

This is the real freedom of marriage.

And before that, all marriages were marked with prices, whether they were men or women.

The love of couples, before the advent of public ownership, was never the basis of marriage, but an addition to marriage.

Thinking 13: Do you think our society has developed to the stage where all social information is shared? So, is your marriage a love without any conditions?


Thinking 14: Current Chinese society,What kind of marriage do you think is applicable?


Thinking 15: When you use the three virtues of feudal society to demand yourself, will you realize that you are unequal with men? In the unequal moment, can you get the love you want?

This is all about the continuation of marriage in Engels’ book. There are so many questions to think about. Welcome everyone to think about it and give your answers in the comment area.

For example, Chinese women have never asked for the loyalty of men since ancient times. What made us have the confidence to demand the loyalty of men after 70 years of liberation.

Chinese women have been liberated from the oppression of feudal society. Divorce was not accepted before. Why are there still many people who think that divorce is unacceptable and do not cherish their right to divorce?

Is Chinese women's perception of housework correct? Should women be born to do housework?

Chinese women did not possess the means of production in ancient times. Do Chinese women now possess them?

Do Chinese women have assets that need to be inherited?

The value of Chinese women was given by their husbands in the past.So now, who will give it?

Chinese women used to marry based on the possession of the other party's means of production. Now, what are they looking at when they get married?

Chinese women were oppressed in past marriages, so are women still oppressed in current marriages?

Chinese women always said that they were born by men. So if it is recognized that children are used to inherit the means of production, does the contemporary definition of children need to be changed? The child also inherits the female means of production, is it more appropriate?

Has the relationship of production in China developed to a marriage based on pure love?

At what stage is marriage eternal? What is the status of women at that stage?

Is the capacity of women for social production necessarily weaker than that of men?

Chinese society has been from the New Democracy era to the present, but only about a hundred years ago, the productivity has been catching up with Western countries, but the remnants of feudal thought are not so easy to eradicate.

So, ask ourselves, is there some power that has been given to us, but we don’t realize it?

This yearning for family life, this idea that finding someone to get married means someone depends on. Where did it come from?

is a legacy from feudal society? Or is it the brainwashing of some film and television dramas today?

In the growth experience of contemporary girls,Why do you mix these feudal things?

And why did women never feel that they must rely on men to survive when they first liberated?

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