Zhou Xun, Chief Physician of Nephrology
I have read a lot of popular science articles. Most people with kidney disease can know what foods are not allowed. For example: patients with kidney disease with edema and hypertension cannot eat "high salt" salted fish and bacon, pickles, pickles and soy sauce, etc.; patients with renal failure who are at risk of high potassium cannot eat winter dates, bananas, potatoes, and mushrooms. Such as fruits and vegetables with particularly high potassium content; patients with kidney disease and renal failure with elevated blood uric acid should not eat foods with high purine content such as animal organs and meat soup. Patients with kidney disease have different conditions and dietary taboos. In other words, there will be a lot of food that patients with kidney disease cannot eat, at least not more.
As mentioned above, these are foods that people with kidney disease cannot eat. So, what kind of foods can patients with kidney disease eat? Below, Shenwei will answer every kidney friend one by one.
1. The staple food of three meals a day
Different from European and American countries, the staple food of three meals a day is mainly rice and flour, which is also the main source of nutrition and energy for our nephropathy friends. Needless to think about it, patients with kidney disease or kidney failure can choose to eat staple foods made of rice and flour, including rice, porridge, steamed buns, noodles and buns.
Nephrologists need to understand that the main components of rice and flour are carbohydrates and vegetable protein, of which each 100 grams of rice contains 7.4 grams of protein, and each 100 grams of refined flour contains 11.2 grams of protein, and they are all non-high-quality proteins. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring normal demand, we friends with kidney disease can not overeat.
Especially diabetic nephropathy or renal failure, patients with diabetic nephropathy need to limit carbohydrates, and patients with renal failure need to limit the total protein intake and the proportion of non-high-quality protein cannot exceed 40%. This requires friends with kidney disease to appropriately limit the total intake of staple foods such as rice or flour based on their specific conditions.
2. Animal meat or high-quality protein
Animal meat, generally refers to "red meat" such as pigs, cattle and sheep and "white meat" such as chickens, ducks and geese, as well as marine fish, freshwater fish and other meats, including eggs Proteins with duck eggs, milk and soy products (although soy is a plant protein, it is different from other plant proteins and also belongs to high-quality protein).
The above are all high-quality proteins. As long as there is no history of allergies, patients with kidney disease with normal renal function can eat normally; even patients with renal failure with abnormal renal function, as above, except for the high purine and high salt content of certain seafood , Other high-quality protein foods can be eaten appropriately.
However, these high-quality proteins are also relatively good and bad. The best high-quality protein is undoubtedly the egg or duck egg protein and low-fat fresh milk protein, followed by the freshwater fish protein, and then the "white meat" protein such as chickens, ducks and geese, and the "red meat" protein such as pigs, cattle and sheep, and Soy products, protein, etc.
When friends with kidney disease choose these high-quality proteins, they also need to understand the percentage of protein content. The protein content of each 100g egg or duck egg is about 12-13g (the protein content of a medium-sized egg is about 7g); the protein content of each 100ml low-fat fresh milk is about 2.9g (the protein content in a bag of 250ml milk The content is about 7 grams); the protein content of every 100 grams of freshwater fish is 13-18 grams; the protein content of every 100 grams of "white meat" such as chickens, ducks and geese is 16.5-19.3 grams; every 100 grams of "red meat" such as pigs, cattle and sheep The protein content of "is 20 grams; the protein content of every 100 grams of tofu is about 6.2 grams.
In other words, with these high-quality proteins, patients with kidney disease and renal failure can choose to eat them, and only need to limit the intake according to the specific condition.
What needs to be added is that the protein of "white meat" such as chickens, ducks and geese is better than that of "red meat" such as pigs, cattle and sheep, but the content of purines in "white meat" such as chickens, ducks and geese is relatively high, kidney failure and blood uric acid rise Patients with high kidney disease need to restrict their consumption more strictly.
3. Vegetables and fruits
Since there are so many types of vegetables and fruits, it is impossible to say comprehensively here, so I can only choose some that are usually eaten. How do patients with kidney disease and renal failure choose the vegetables and fruits they can eat? As long as you master three principles: one is not high sugar content; second, not high potassium content; third, not high purine content. If the blood sugar of kidney disease patients is not high, blood uric acid is not high, and there is no risk of high potassium, then all kinds of vegetables and fruits can be eaten normally.
However, due to the risk of high potassium or elevated blood uric acid in some patients with renal failure, the kidney first recommends the following 20 kinds (in fact, far more than these 20), and 6 kinds of vegetables that can be eaten with confidence (in fact, far more than this) 6) Fruits that can be eaten with confidence. Vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, cabbage, winter melon, carrots, white radish, okra, green beans, soybean sprouts, celery, onion , pumpkin, loofah, cucumber, garlic seedlings, eggplant, lettuce, baby cabbage, tomatoes, zucchini And yam, etc.; fruits such as Sydney, cucumber (which is both a vegetable and a fruit), apples, ginseng fruit, citrus and papaya. The potassium content and purine content in these vegetables and fruits are not high, or even very low. Whether it is a friend with kidney disease with normal kidney function or a friend with kidney failure with abnormal kidney function, they can eat normally and moderately.
In addition to the above-mentioned vegetables and fruits, it does not mean that other vegetables and fruits cannot be eaten. You can choose the vegetables and fruits that suit you according to your disease.
4. Seasonings
Our Chinese kitchens often use many seasonings, such as ordinary salt, low-sodium salt, iodized salt, chicken essence, MSG, soy sauce, vinegar, hot sauce, cooking wine, onion, garlic, ginger and green onions And shallots and so on. For those with kidney disease who have normal renal function and blood pressure and no obvious edema, all kinds of table salt (including ordinary table salt, iodized table salt and low-sodium table salt) can be selected, but they need to be eaten in a limited amount, but soy sauce and hot sauce have higher salt content. It is best not to use high seasonings. Instead, use vinegar, onions, garlic, ginger and green onions and shallots and other seasonings that are more conducive to the patient’s health, that is, reduce salt, use less soy sauce and hot sauce, and try not to use chicken essence and MSG. , And learn how to use vinegar, onion, garlic, ginger and green onions and shallots to solve the color and fragrance problems of daily dishes.
The cooking wine mentioned above should only be put in a little less under special circumstances (such as when cooking meat with a strong smell), and it will generally not affect the health of kidney friends. In addition, it should be specially reminded that the potassium content of low sodium salt is higher, and patients with renal failure who are at risk of high potassium should not eat it.
5. Snacks and beverages
The biggest problem that most snack foods affect the health of kidney friends is in these three aspects: one is "high salt", which means high salt content; the other is various additives and preservatives; The fatty acid content is high. Therefore, it is better not to eat for kidney disease friends. Among the various beverages, people with kidney disease and kidney failure can choose mineral water and purified water. Others such as carbonated drinks and various fruit juices are not allowed. Of course, the best drink for patients with kidney disease and renal failure is plain water.
Understand this time! Don't friends with kidney disease dare to eat anything?
is pushed synchronously with the WeChat official account of the same name "Kidney First". The article is original by the author Zhou Xun and may not be reproduced without permission.
