No matter whether it is by water or land, in ancient times, there were rules that must be followed before and after going out.
First, choose an auspicious day to set off. The Qin Dynasty’s "Ri Shu" Type A and "Ri Shu" Type B are the earliest short books on travel taboos; then there will be a banquet and rituals for various road gods and water gods. The ship god "Meng Gong Meng Grandma" in "Beihu Lu" of the Tang Dynasty.
Of course, the means of transportation must be determined, including color and specifications. It is clearly determined in the "Book of Rites" that the color of the carriage when the emperor travels in spring is green, summer is fiery red, autumn is white and winter is black.
In addition to these, the most important thing is food. If you are in a commercial area during the day, or if you have an inn on the way, you can find a place to have enough food and drink. But if it’s night or in the wild, I can only protect myself.
One: Roast chicken on the left, roast duck on the right, and side dishes with wine on the back
Before chili was introduced to China, the ancients who wanted to increase the obvious taste of food in addition to using salt, wine, vinegar, cane sugar and other processed condiments, There are also natural natural ingredients such as pepper, pepper and cornel. When
went out, the ancients often packed these condiments for use on the road. If conditions permit, they would also prepare pots, bowls and other kitchen utensils, and some fresh-preserved meat.
The main reason for this is to prevent it on the way, especially on some remote roads, there may not be hotels that provide food, or the inn where you are staying is generally only for accommodation, providing few meals , but the kitchen can be used Therefore, the ancients had to cook their own food if they wanted to eat. Some bought some vegetables at the market during the day for spare use, while others reprocessed the ingredients they brought at home, or simply ate dry food.
1, steaming, kneading, drying, the process is neat: ancient people often wear a small round basket on their shoulders when they go out. The frame is usually embarrassment made at home before going out. There is a saying in "Shu": "Embarrassment" , Mashed grains. It is said that boiled rice and wheat are cooked, and then pounded into flour. "Z1z
This kind of food made by steaming, mashing, kneading, and sun-drying can be made of rice, wheat, or Soybeans or corn are rich in content. After the final compression and air-drying, they can be stored for a long time and have good anti-hunger effects.
2. The thick meaty aroma on the mulberry bag: In the past, people called dried meat products generally called preserved meat, which was one of the favorite foods of the ancients when they were outside. Although its method is not complicated , But it takes a long time to wait. Otherwise, will easily deteriorate, develop bacteria or even rot.
In order to solve the problem of the quality of fresh meat, people’s main method is to marinate it, that is, fresh meat purchased or obtained by other means is first wiped with ginger to remove the fishy smell; then evenly smeared with an appropriate amount The salt; then put it into a stone or wooden mortar and mash it, so that the salt can be fully absorbed by the meat, and it is also convenient for future consumption; then the key step is to put the minced meat in a pot and steam it; Finally, season with salt, ginger, etc., and place in a ventilated place to dry naturally. The raw materials of
are also diverse, ranging from beef, pork, rabbit and mutton . In the Spring and Autumn Period, when Situ Yuanpo fled to Zheng Guo on the way, his subordinate Yuanxi took out the prepared rice lees, glutinous rice noodles and pus from his backpack.
3, the green, white, red and yellow in the jars: "Praise, hinder, and then hinder the temperature and cold." Vegetables are generally difficult to preserve ingredients, with strong seasonality and timeliness. And more than three thousand years ago, as the main method of using fermentation to successfully preserve vegetables for a long time, there is a record in the "Book of Songs": "There is a house in the field, and there are melons in the battlefield. It is peeling or chu, offering the first emperor."
As for the foods that can be made, there are many kinds of foods, that is, there are quince, quince, also sunflower, bamboo, Li Chong in the Northern Wei Dynasty was very fond of leek.
In fact, the so-called kosher of is to use salt, vinegar, and rice soup to prepare the marinade according to the desired taste, and then place the vegetables in a special clay pot and seal them to make them acidified through natural fermentation. The unique flavor of crunchy and juicy. In the "Biography of the Heroes of the Sons and Daughters", it is especially written: "We make fine pastries, road dishes, etc., and prepare some."
Two: There are green mountains in the front, and there are in the back.Flowing water is a gift, and it is also dictated by God's will.
Tiger stalking dragons, riding high in danger, backing mountains and rivers are all ancient idioms used to describe dangerous terrain, including Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", Cao Cao's "Bitter Cold Travel", and Li Bai "Difficulties in Journey: Part One", and the most impressive is his "Difficulties in Shu Road". These poems are all the author's feelings about the difficulty of the journey, but things are good or bad, the more difficult the terrain is. Often the more shocking scenery you can encounter.
For example, in "Bai Xue Ge Sending Military Adjudicator Back to Beijing": "Suddenly like a spring breeze, thousands of trees and pear blossoms. "; "Tree on the Mountain": "The sun is warm on the mountain road, and the birds will know the spring. "In addition to satisfying the eyes and ears, the fullness of taste buds can also bring a full sense of satisfaction to pedestrians. Those places with mountains and water are usually good places to provide plump and fresh ingredients.
1, shrimp porridge, crab porridge, fish porridge are all pottery porridge: in addition to daily clothes, silver and ink, cooking utensils are also supplies that the ancients often brought when they went out. Before the Song Dynasty, pottery was one of the most practical, although it was not suitable for frying.
But no matter what, can be boiled as long as there is water. In the summer, Shang and Wednesday dynasties, people often use it to cook millet porridge , and add all kinds of wild fruits, wild vegetables, beans and even Bring snails, clams or other fish and shrimps from the water. Not only are they delicious, but the rich protein in the body has high nutritional value, and the method is relatively simple and simple.
is about to clean the fish and shrimp caught from streams, lakes and ponds. The most important thing is to remove the internal organs and clean up the sand and stones in the body. Then directly puts the rice into the utensils and adds water to it and burns it until it is thick. can. has detailed methods of making porridge in "Sheng Hui Fang", "Pearl Sac", "Compendium of Materia Medica" and other books.
2, charcoal-roasted sweet potatoes, fire-roasted corn, and soil-wrapped chicken : In ancient times, the ancestors obtained food through collection, farming, and animal husbandry, but how to make the obtained food have a better taste is also people Diligently exploring the problem, has a well-known dish in Jiangsu Province called Beggar Chicken. One of the allusions to this dish of
is that a hawker came to the village when he was hungry but saw a chicken raised by a farmer. Yu stole it and killed it, even if didn’t have the tools to make a fire. There is nothing more sensible than filling your stomach. When
left the village and went to the foot of the mountain, he removed his internal organs, coated his body with thick mud and hay, then buried it in the fire and simmered and roasted until cooked, and then smashed the dried mud to smell the sweet meat . The method is similar to the "Cannon Dolphin", which was regarded as one of the eight treasures in the Zhou Dynasty.
3, sesame cakes, miscellaneous cakes, and round cakes are baked into cakes: In the Han Dynasty, people have invented sesame cakes. Compared with other dishes, sesame cakes are made with the simplest method and the most simple ingredients.
For example, , the traditional old noodle biscuits of Wenxian Gumianfang, in the village, people use old noodles to ferment twice, and then pull out small pieces by hand; then knead it into smooth dough and mix three of them. Dip one part of the dough with oil, and use a wooden stick to evenly roll out another larger dough to wrap it; then change the knife to make the pattern, put the on the side of the utensil for baking, and finally sprinkle with sugar.
is chewy and has a sweet aftertaste. It can be described as a simple delicacy. In many dynasties, sesame seeds were often used as the main food to satisfy the hunger in the army.
3: Summary
According to the "Annotation of Ancient and Modern Times": "The car is on the second floor, and there are wooden people on it, walking for one mile, and drumming on the lower floor; walking for ten miles, and hitting the bracelet on the upper floor." "Drum carts" charge a fee based on the distance of the passengers. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were many modes of transportation, such as "oil wall carts" and "long carts".
However, compared with transportation, it is not so easy to solve the problem of food and clothing . You have to hurry during the day and there is no food supply at the inn at night. Bringing your own dry food is a major way, but other than that. If you are fresh, you have to cook yourself. The meat from the secondary processing, or all kinds of ingredients bought on the street, if you get to the mountain, the fish and crabs in the river, the game in the mountains, and the birds in the sky will satisfy your taste buds and stomach. The key to food is their cooking skills.
References
1, "Journal of Jiaozuo University"
2, "Hebei Education"
3, "Safety and Health"
