Charlie Munger and others
Charlie Munger is the lifelong business partner of the stock god Buffy, and he has built an investment empire together with Buffett-Berkshire Hathaway. After graduating from Harvard Law School, Munger opened a law firm, and later met Buffett, gave up his lawyer career and focused on investment to become a super investor. Buffett has a very famous sentence to comment on Munger, "Charlie Munger allowed me to evolve from orangutan to human as quickly as possible."
Charlie Munger knew the great significance of psychology to success in life. After reading several psychology textbooks, he found that it was useless, so he began to construct his own psychology, which he called human misjudgment psychology.
Charlie Munger's characteristics of human misjudgment psychology
1. Flip, Charlie Munger has a famous saying: "Always look at it the other way around." Turning over means that if you want to know how to succeed, you must first know how to fail. Instead of learning how to succeed, he learns how to fail. Charlie Munger often said: "Tell me where I will die, and I will never go where."
2. Cross-border , Charlie Munger often said: "From the perspective of the person holding the hammer, the world It’s like a nail. You have to know the important theories of important disciplines and use them often—you have to use them all, not just a few. Most people only use the mental model of one discipline they have learned." Munger combines the ideas of mathematics, engineering, biology, physics, chemistry, statistics, economics, history, psychology, physiology and other disciplines to provide a background or framework that gives him the extraordinary ability to see the essence of life. Insight.
25 kinds of psychological tendencies of human misjudgment psychology
Charlie Munger puts forward the 25 kinds of psychological tendencies of people in human misjudgment psychology, that is, people's thinking patterns, without brain thinking, automatically tend to do so.
1. Encourage . Munger said, never underestimate the role of motivation, its importance cannot be overemphasized. As long as the incentive can be used, there is no need to use anything else. Benjamin Franklin once said: "If you want to persuade others, you have to appeal to interest, not reason."
2. Love . We long to love and be loved, turn a blind eye to the shortcomings of the loved ones, and prefer their loved ones, even at the expense of twisting the facts.
3. Hate . We tend to bear grudges, turning a blind eye to the merits of the one we hate, and even all the objects related to it, at the same time distorting the facts.
4. I hate uncertainty . A psychiatrist named Shapino in the United States did an experiment: choose-first, 75% chance of getting $1,000, but 25% chance of getting nothing; second, sure to get $700. As a result, 80% of people chose the second option. People do not want to fall into a state of doubt and uncertainty, and always want to make a decision immediately to get rid of the state of doubt and uncertainty.
5. Pursue consistency . People hate inconsistency and always want to coordinate, which makes habits very important. Good habits are good for our work and life, and bad habits are very difficult to change.
6. Curiosity . All animals have curiosity, and the curiosity of humans is far better than other animals.
7. Fair . People always tend to pursue fairness and "do not worry about inequality but not lack."
8. Jealous of . Jealousy is a nature evolved since ancient times. The jealousy among acquaintances is more than that among strangers. Buffett once said: What drives the world is not greed, but jealousy.
9. Vote in return . This is the basis of the human cooperation plan. The brain is instinctively reciprocated, but not good at numerical calculations.
10. Near Zhu Z10z. Even if two things are superficially connected, it will affect people's judgment. People are also very easy to influence each other.
11. Denial of reality . The reality does not meet expectations, and people always deny it. If reality is too painful, people will reject it.
12. Excessive attention to oneself . People always think that their own things are the best and like to be similar to themselvesPeople interact and form small circles.
13. Overconfidence . People always overestimate their abilities. A survey shows that more than 60% of people believe that their driving skills are above average.
14. Aversion to loss . People hate certain losses. Another experiment done by the psychiatrist Shapino: Choice—First, there is a 75% chance of losing $1,000, and only a 25% chance of no loss; second, it’s sure to lose $700. As a result, 80% of people chose the first option.
15. Looking for approval . People can do anything driven by their sense of identity. For example, in a group, ordinary people can commit unimaginable violence to others. People are easiest to find a sense of identity in the face of pressure.
16. Against the standard . People are not good at judging something in isolation and need to find a reference. For example, it is difficult to judge whether it is expensive or cheap to buy a thing for 100 yuan, but if it was 50 yuan yesterday, it will be considered expensive.
17. Pressure . Huge pressure can cause people to collapse, and the only way to recover is to apply more pressure.
18. Pay attention to things that are easy to reach . Take the matter of falling in love as an example, "rabbits always eat grass on the edge of their nest".
19. Use and discard . The more you use a skill, the stronger your ability, and if it is not used for a long time, it will gradually degenerate.
20. Drugs are harmful . Great harm to health and wealth.
21. Senescence . With age, people's ability to learn new and complex skills will become weaker and weaker.
22. Obey the authority . This is not the characteristic of any nation, it is the commonwealth of all mankind. The leader is more wise than ordinary people, even if he is an ordinary person.
23. Gossip . Gossip and gossip is natural, evolved, and monkey groups rely on this to maintain group relationships.
24. Everything has a reason . People want a reason for everything, just add the word "because" in front, no matter what you say later, others will always let you.
25. Combination switch . Combine the previous various psychological tendencies.
Charlie Munger said that these 25 psychological tendencies, both good and bad, are shortcuts to thinking.
The way to crack
First, check your own decisions against 25 psychological tendencies at any time. Knowing is getting, much better than ignorant.
Second, before making judgments and making decisions, it is best to have a cooling-off period.
Third, we have to count probability.
Fourth, find the right frame of reference.
Fifth, reconciling with the inconsistency, contradictory is nothing great.
Sixth, always face the truth, no matter how difficult it is.
