A friend asked two questions about the title. They sounded very naive, but they are actually logical questions.
What is "Chengmen Lixue"
The beginning of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, there are four major academic schools.
Zhou Dunyi's Lianxue, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao's Luoxue, Zhang Zai's Guanxue, and Zhu Xi's Minxue. Neo-Confucianism was mastered by Zhu Xi. Because he called Ziyang, Minxue was also called "Ziyang School." However, the Ziyang school respects Zhu Xi, and in the context of Fujian studies, Zhu Xi can only be ranked last in the "Four Sages of Fujian Studies".
Yang Shi, the protagonist of "Chengmen Lixue", is the first of the "Four Sages of Minxue" and the true founder of Minxue.
Yang Shi, named Guishan, known as "Mr. Guishan". He first studied in Cheng Hao and then in Cheng Yi. With outstanding academic performance, he became Cheng Hao's most proud student. He, You You, Lu Dalin, and Xie Liangzuo were called the "Four Disciples" of Chengmen. Later, Yang Shi left Yingchang due to an accident, and Cheng Hao went out to see him off, saying "I am going south" with emotion.
means, "My Neo-Confucianism is about to go south".
The facts are just as Old Master Cheng said, Yang Shi opened up a new world of Neo-Confucianism in the south, wrote a book and said that the disciples were widely collected, first to Luo Congyan, then Li Dong, three generations to Zhu Xi. Together with Luo Congyan and Li Tong, he was called "Mr. Nanjian San", and was honored as "the originator of Minxue" by later generations. He spread the "Er Cheng" Luo School to the vast southeast region, and played a role in connecting the past and the next between "Er Cheng" and Zhu Xi, laying a solid foundation for the formation of Min School and its ideological system.
Eight years after Cheng Hao's death, Yang Shi was transferred from Yingzhou to Liuyang, detoured to Luoyang on the way, and visited Cheng Yi with your teacher. At that time Cheng Yi was sitting in meditation, Yang and You stood respectfully and waited under the porch. The sky was freezing and heavy snow was flying. When Cheng Yi woke up, there was more than a foot of snow in the ground.
This is the origin of "Chengmen Lixue".
The "Chengmen Lixue" incident reflects Yang Shiqian's good qualities of being courteous, studious and respecting his teachers. This quality still has extremely important spiritual value in contemporary times.
Historical records
There were two main documents that recorded "Chengmen Lixue".The first is "Quotations from the Second Cheng·Hou Zi Yayan":
You and Yang Chu see Yichuan, Yichuan sits down, and the two stand and feel, and Gu Wei said: "The virtuous people are still here? The day is late, and it is not. Come on." And when you go out, the snow outside is one foot deep.
When Yang Shi and You Yan went to meet their teacher Cheng Yi, Cheng Yi was closing his eyes and resting, and they waited beside the teacher. When Cheng Yizhu opened his eyes after sitting, it was getting late, and Cheng Yi asked them to come again tomorrow. At this time, the snow outside the door was already a foot deep.
The second is the "Yang Shi Chuan" in "Song History" records:
(Yang Shi and You You) see Yi for a day, Yi Ou sits down, Shi and You Yi do not stay there, Yi Jijue, then The outer snow is one foot deep.
First question, is the snow big?
If we look at the records, we will find out. Cheng Yi Xiaomei for a while, the snow outside the door is more than a foot deep. What is this concept?
According to research, one foot in the Song Dynasty is equivalent to 30.72 centimeters today. You can imagine the amount of snow in this snow. We calculate the amount of snow and distinguish the size of the snow. The amount of snowfall is the value measured by meteorological observers after the snow collected within 12 hours or 24 hours is converted into water in a standard container, in millimeters.
If the snowfall reaches 6mm within 12 hours, it is called a blizzard. Even if Cheng Yi slept for a few hours, almost half a day for 12 hours, even if the 30cm-high snow was converted into water to calculate the amount of snow, it would exceed the level of Blizzard anyway.
Do you think this snow is big?
Second question, are they cold in the snow?
Yang Shi is a Confucian, a Neo-Confucian, and a Min scholar, not an idiot. Why is Cheng Yi sleeping, and the two of them have to stand outside the door and get caught in the snow?
Let's look at two records. Can there be a word that says two people are standing in the snow?
and go out, the snow outside is one foot deep.
is about to go out, and found that the snow outside is a foot deep.
Yang Shi and You Yan were standing next to Cheng Yi’s sleeping ondol, waiting quietly. Although they respected Cheng Yi and did not dare to disturb Cheng Yi, they were not the two fools who stood in the snow as imagined by later generations. Snowman-search for pictures of "Chengmen Lixue",Basically, this kind of assumed play.
This not only treats Yang Shi, the master of Minxue, as a fool, but also treats the reader as a fool, so these stories are mostly deceiving children. If you cheat, you think you really stand as a big snowman.
The behavior of Master Yang Shi and You Ye is worth learning. This is the self-quality of cultural people. It is not disturbing, mind-oriented, and is the self-requirement of all high-quality people.
But they are not two hundred and five, and Cheng Yi's family and subordinates are not two hundred and five. They don't do stupid things like letting guests stand in the snow and keep getting wet. China is a country of etiquette, Confucianism is a school of etiquette, and Neo-Confucianism is more rules-based, so there will be no such illogical things.
Standing snow means standing until the snow is deeper than a foot, not standing in the snow.
I hope that when we tell the children the story of "Chengmen Lixue", we will sort out some things, don't be fooled into thinking, and don't let this kind of three-year-old children's questions be confused.
Incidentally, the "Lixue Poem" written by Cheng Yi on the Lixue Tablet at Er Cheng's former residence is not actually Cheng Yi's work. The author is Lu Yichun, a native of the Ming Dynasty. This poem was originally called "Ti Li Xue Ge".
Many things are taken for granted.
