October 13, 2022 is the ninth "World Thrombosis Day" of .
Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the most common causes of in-hospital death.
Although this type of disease has the characteristics of high incidence and high disability rate,
, many people know very little.
The main reason is that when many thrombosis occurs,
does not feel obvious symptoms in the human body, and it is even silent when it falls off.
However, once a very dangerous embolism occurs,
is severe in death within 1 to 2 hours, and
is therefore also called the "silent killer".
Then what is a thrombus?
Thrombosis is blood coagulation, changing from liquid state to solid state, thus blocking blood vessels. Doctor's introduction: There are three main reasons for its formation: venous wall damage, slow blood flow and hypercoagulant blood. Common causes include long-term bed rest due to various reasons ( stroke , paralysis, after lower limb surgery, etc.), traumatic factors such as smoking and fracture, as well as pregnancy/postpartum and malignant tumors and chemotherapy patients. These are also the "three major laws of thrombosis".
Then what is carotid artery plaque ?
The latest "China Cardiovascular Report" points out that the prevalence and mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in my country is still in an upward stage. It is estimated that there are 290 million patients, including 13 million strokes, 311 million coronary heart disease, and 3.27 billion hypertension in .
Cardous and cerebrovascular disease is the pathophysiological basis of vascular lesions that supply local organs, which can manifest as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, etc., which ultimately leads to the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
The whole body of the human body1Vascular system includes countless blood vessels. Which blood vessel is prone to lesions or blockages? How to find obstructed blood vessels from routine physical examinations?
The routine physical examination items mostly contain carotid ultrasound examination, which is most likely to detect the presence of atherosclerotic plaques.
is located on the carotid artery on the left and right sides of the human neck (branches are the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery ). Due to its unique anatomical structure and faster local blood flow velocity, it is easy to form local inner membrane damage, causing the lipid components in the blood to immerse under the inner membrane, forming atherosclerotic plaques.
is also the easiest to be found in non-invasive examinations.
After the formation of plaques in the carotid artery, especially the internal carotid artery system, it will lead to local hemodynamic changes, further damaging vascular function.
After the plaque gradually expands, it can cause carotid lumen stenosis and induce cerebrovascular events. What is more dangerous is that if the plaque is unstable and local rupture occurs, it will reduce the blood supply at the distal carotid artery, resulting in cerebral infarction .
Although the carotid artery is prone to plaques and causes serious consequences, taking correct preventive measures can prevent the disease from occurring.
. Changing lifestyle, quitting smoking, eating less greasy, and exercising properly can all improve local arterial function.
. Actively control risk factors, such as keeping indicators such as blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids , and weight in the normal range.
Carotid artery ultrasound and arterial function should be reviewed regularly.
Carotid artery ultrasound can understand the thickness of the local carotid artery and the plaque shape; arterial function examination can understand the elastic state and degree of stiffness of the local artery.
Because plaques are attached to the blood vessel wall, the quality of local arterial function will not only have an important impact on the stability of the plaque, but will also provide important reference value for later treatment.
Scientific knowledge on preventing and treating thrombosis in daily life
1, it is recommended to raise the lower limbs by 20° to 30°, and early guidance and supervision of patients to perform active or passive movements in the lower limbs, such as dorsiflexion of the foot, stretching and flexing of the knee and ankle joint, and leg lifting.
2, patients with coma or unconsciousness will be subjected to bottom-up squeezing exercises for lower limb soleus muscles and gastrocnemius muscles in the lower limbs from the heel.
3. It is recommended to get out of bed early when the condition allows.
4, use the limb passive device to improve the limb blood stasis after surgery, such as sequential decompression of elastic stockings (GEC) to promote venous blood reflux of the lower limbs.
5, avoid intravenous puncture of on the affected limb, and do not drop a lot of hypertonic sugar.
6, emergency treatment guidance: If you experience symptoms such as chest pain , palpitations , dyspnea and coughing of blood, consider pulmonary embolism, lie down immediately, and avoid deep breathing, coughing, and violent turnover activities. Seek medical treatment in time.
7. You should eat more low-fat, fiber-rich diets to keep your stools unobstructed and drink more water, which can promote circulation, enhance waste excretion, reduce blood viscosity, and prevent thrombosis.
World Thrombosis Day
October 13, 2022
Information source: Basic public health service project publicity platform
