Based on a review of a large amount of literature, this article defines the definition, classification, clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of anxiety disorders, and points out the formation mechanism and common symptoms of anxiety disorders. At the same time, combined with clinical practice, it proposes methods to prevent and treat anxiety disorders. Research shows that psychological factors are an important cause of anxiety disorders. In life, you must learn to relax yourself, eliminate psychological pressure, and strengthen your awareness of self-regulation. At the same time, correct values and outlook on life should be established. Pay attention to the balance between work and rest, and arrange the rhythm of life reasonably. In terms of treatment, in addition to drug treatment, it can also be combined with other treatment methods for systematic and comprehensive treatment.
1. Introduction
Anxiety disorder is a common anxiety emotion, also known as " chronic anxiety " . It is characterized by persistence, inability to alleviate, no clear objective object, or serious impact on daily life and work.
Generally, patients with anxiety have anxiety symptoms, such as fear, tension, fear, etc.
Depending on the age and personality of the patient, it can manifest as tense (overly sensitive) or avoidant (irritable).
Since the occurrence of anxiety disorders is related to psychological factors, the prevention of anxiety disorders should start from psychological factors.
Some common symptoms in life are normal phenomena. For example, some people may experience palpitation, palpitations, insomnia, or even hallucinations in severe cases.
However, some people suffer from anxiety due to some reasons. At this time, they should seek medical treatment in time to avoid delaying the condition.
2. Definition and classification of anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorder is a neurosis with fear and anxiety as the main symptoms. Patients often feel that they cannot control their emotions, life and work, and experience a strong sense of helplessness and pain.
Clinical manifestations include: nervousness, fear, worry and physical discomfort.
In severe cases, panic attacks and a sense of near-death may occur.
Typical patients: have anxiety accompanied by palpitations, chest tightness, shortness of breath and other symptoms.
Mild anxiety disorder: Symptoms are atypical, with anxiety-like emotions or experiences, and does not affect normal life and work.
Severe anxiety disorder: severe nervousness or fear, accompanied by a sense of impending death or difficulty breathing, numbness of hands and feet, sweating, and in severe cases, coma.
3. Clinical manifestations of anxiety disorder
(1) Excessive worry: Patients often have a strong sense of worry or fear. In daily life or unconsciously, they often worry that themselves or others will be in danger, thus falling into panic, tension and uneasiness.
(2) Muscle tension: Mainly manifested by stiffness and muscle tension in the body and limbs, usually accompanied by physical discomfort.
(3) Psychomotor anxiety: manifested by symptoms related to the disease, such as palpitation, sweating, difficulty breathing, cold limbs, dizziness, and a sense of impending death.
(4) Obsessive thinking: Mainly manifested as unfounded fear, fear and other negative emotional experiences, which produce strong anxiety and uneasiness, making the patient unable to control his emotions and behavior.
(5) Obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Mainly manifested by recurring thoughts that cannot be controlled rationally. Patients often have involuntary thoughts, fear, tension and worry.
(6) Low self-evaluation: Patients often evaluate or compare their abilities and future life based on their own subjective feelings, and are pessimistic about the future prospects.
(7) Physical discomfort when feeling unwell: Mainly manifested by physical symptoms, such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, difficulty breathing, etc., sometimes accompanied by dizziness, headache and other discomforts.
4. Anxiety disorder and depression
Anxiety disorder and depression are common mental diseases, both with low mood and anxiety as the main clinical manifestations. However, the pathogenesis of the two is different. The former is mental pain produced in the absence of external stimulation.
Patients with depression have a variety of mental symptoms, such as low mood, lack of interest and happiness, loss of self-confidence and self-esteem, pessimism and despair about the future, etc. In severe cases, there may be suicide attempts or behaviors.
The clinical manifestations of the two are similar, but there are some differences:
(1) From the perspective of symptoms: Depression generally manifests as low mood, loss or loss of interest, loss of pleasure, pain, increased loneliness, and in severe cases, suicidal behaviors such as self-blame and guilt.
Anxiety disorder generally manifests as anxiety, tension, excessive worry, or worry and fear.
(2) From the perspective of the cause: Anxiety disorders are often caused by external factors, such as emotional discord among family members, setbacks in work and life, etc.; while patients with depression are mostly related to mental factors, such as genetic factors, social and psychological environment, etc.
(3) Judging from the course of the disease: depression has a long course, usually ranging from years to decades, while anxiety disorders may only last from months to years.
5. How to prevent and treat anxiety
1. Relaxation: through reasonable exercise, adjust your own circadian rhythm, maintain an appropriate amount of exercise, and enhance your endurance.
2. Self-regulation: When anxiety occurs, you should find out the cause and degree of anxiety in time to avoid excessive emotional stress;
and maintain physical health through appropriate exercise.
3.Autosuggestion: The state of excitement generated by actively recalling pleasant things that happened in one's own life, work and study, or overcoming difficulties.
4. Diversion of attention: Watching TV, listening to music, chatting with friends, etc. can all divert attention, thereby reducing anxiety and eliminating tension.
5. Cognitive therapy: Provide psychological suggestion and self-encouragement to anxious patients to enhance self-confidence and self-regulation ability.
6. Medication treatment: Taking some medications under the guidance of a doctor can help relieve anxiety symptoms.
6. Conclusion
Anxiety disorder is a common mental illness with diverse clinical manifestations, including anxiety, tension, fear, restlessness and irritability.
As society progresses, the pace of life accelerates, and the pressure on work and life increases, many people will suffer from psychological anxiety symptoms.
In life, we must learn to relax ourselves, eliminate psychological pressure, and strengthen our awareness of self-regulation.
To relieve anxiety by improving cognitive ability and coping ability, cognitive therapy (such as relaxation training , etc.), behavioral therapy (such as cognitive therapy) and other treatment methods can be used.
At the same time, we must establish correct values and outlook on life, pay attention to the balance between work and rest in life, reasonably arrange rest and activity time, and maintain a happy mood and emotional stability.
In addition, we should establish correct values and outlook on life, and have a healthy and progressive attitude towards life.
7. References
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