Vaccination is every child's "health protection umbrella"
But there are also many precautions for vaccination
For example, the most frequently asked question
How many vaccines should a child get before he is 6 years old?
Which ones are free and which ones are at your own expense?
When should I get vaccinated?
What are the contraindications to vaccination?
……
You might as well save this vaccination guide
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Recommended schedule and misunderstandings about childhood vaccinations
Five major changes in childhood vaccinations
In March 2021, National Health Commission released the "National Immunization Program Vaccine Childhood Immunization Procedures and Instructions (2021 Edition)". Compared with the previous version, there are five major changes:
Image source: National Health Commission
Change 1: Not completed The national immunization plan The re-vaccination age for the prescribed doses has been adjusted from "<14>
Change two: clarifies that the left and right thighs are optional vaccination sites. When multiple vaccines need to be injected at the same time, they can be vaccinated in the left and right upper arms and left and right thighs respectively.
Change three: clarifies that the following conditions are not contraindications to vaccination and can be vaccinated normally.
① Physiological and breast milk jaundice;
② History of simple febrile convulsions;
③ Epilepsy control is in a stable stage;
④ Congenital genetic metabolic diseases (congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria , 1 trisomy syndrome , etc.);
⑤ Stable brain diseases, congenital heart disease , congenital infections (syphilis, cytomegalovirus and rubella virus ), etc.
Change 4: adjusted the polio vaccine and MMR vaccine immunization procedures.
Change five: 2021 version of immunization program recommendations.
① Adjust the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine to newborns born to mothers with positive or unknown surface antigens from "within 24 hours after birth" to "within 12 hours after birth."
② The "low birth weight" for hepatitis B vaccination is clearly defined as those with a weight of 2000 grams at birth. It is recommended that they receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible after birth, and re-test when they are 1 month old, 2 months old, and 7 months old. The program completes 3 more doses of vaccination.
3. Frequently Asked Questions on Child Vaccination
Will delaying vaccination affect the health of the child?
Postponing vaccination only delays the time when vaccination will produce protective effect, but will not affect the overall long-term protective effect of vaccine (antibody level and persistence). However, it is still recommended that parents take their children to vaccination sites on time for vaccination.
My child is sick, can he be vaccinated?
There are absolute contraindications and relative contraindications for vaccination. If the child has the following conditions, many vaccines cannot be administered, such as uncontrolled epilepsy, encephalopathy, progressive neurological diseases, acute infectious diseases or chronic During an acute outbreak of an infectious disease, those with severe heart, liver, and kidney diseases, or those allergic to vaccine components cannot be vaccinated.
There are also some situations that are relative contraindications. It is not that vaccination cannot be given, but that it needs to be postponed in the future, such as during the onset of some acute diseases, such as colds, fevers or diarrhea, severe eczema , etc. Do not rush to get vaccinated during treatment. , you can vaccinate only after these diseases are cured.
Parents of sick children must communicate with the doctor to see if the child has absolute or relative contraindications or if there are other alternative vaccines.
Can different vaccines be vaccinated at the same time?
After reaching the earliest vaccination age, multiple vaccines can be vaccinated at the same time, as long as they are not vaccinated at the same site. Please follow local regulations and doctor's orders for specific arrangements. How to choose
attenuated vaccine or inactivated vaccine ? There is no essential difference in the protection effect and security between
. Prices vary due to different characteristics such as technology, storage, and transportation.
If your child can only be vaccinated with a certain process of vaccine (such as inactivated vaccine) due to illness or medication, regardless of whether it is free or at your own expense, you should choose to vaccinate.
How to choose between combined vaccine or separate vaccine?
It is recommended to choose combination vaccination as much as possible to reduce the total number of doses for children and reduce skin and flesh pain.
However, if the combined vaccine is out of stock, there is no need to wait endlessly. The vaccination should be completed in time with a separate vaccine.
How to calculate the age in months for the vaccination schedule?
The National Immunization Program Vaccine Child Immunization Program stipulates that the vaccination month (year) age is the minimum starting month (year) age for vaccination, which means that a certain vaccine can be vaccinated after reaching this age. This month (year) age refers to a certain period of time rather than a certain day.
For example, the first dose of polio vaccine should be received at the age of 2 months. This "2 months old" refers to a period of time, that is, the period between the baby's 2 months and his 3 months, not the day when the baby reaches 2 months.
After the "protection period", do I need to be vaccinated again?
Even if it is the same vaccine, the "protection rate" and "protection period" in different groups of people are different.
Currently, there is no unified and definite "protection period" for each vaccine. In the vast majority of cases, as long as all doses are completed according to the prescribed procedure, there is no need to vaccinate again.
For children born to mothers who are surface positive for hepatitis B, if they are found to have “no antibodies” after completing the hepatitis B vaccination, they can continue to receive one round (3 shots) of hepatitis B vaccine; for the elderly who are at high risk of pneumococcal infection, they can Get the second dose of 23-valent pneumonia vaccine at least 5 years after the first dose.
After vaccination, do I need to do an antibody test?
No need.
As long as they are fully vaccinated, most people will be able to develop sufficient protection, but this may not necessarily be expressed in the form of "antibodies."
and no antibodies ≠ no protection ≠ no immunity. The human body's immune mechanism is diverse and consists of two parts: cellular immunity (A) and humoral immunity (B). However, antibody testing can only reflect B, not A.
Under what circumstances should vaccination be postponed?
① During fever or acute illness, such as upper respiratory tract infection , tracheitis , pneumonia, diarrhea, vomiting, etc.
②Severe eczema, purulent skin disease.Although in principle, mild eczema is not a contraindication to vaccination with some vaccines, it is best to rely on a doctor's judgment to decide whether to vaccinate.
③Infectious diseases, such as scarlet fever, hand, foot and mouth disease, rotavirus infection, etc.
④ Chronic disease active stage, such as viral hepatitis , nephrotic syndrome , etc.
⑤ If the baby has recently been injected with immune globulin , he or she can not receive live attenuated vaccines (such as leprosy, MMR, chickenpox vaccine, etc.) after at least 3 months to prevent the globulin from interfering with the immune effect of live attenuated vaccines.
Immune globulin generally does not affect the vaccination of inactivated vaccines, but it is necessary to wait until the child recovers before vaccinating the inactivated vaccines according to the situation.
Can I receive vaccines from different manufacturers?
Unless there are special circumstances, try to choose vaccines with the same process and the same manufacturer for vaccination.
monovalent vaccine, how to choose N-valent vaccine?
N represents the number of strains contained in the vaccine. Generally speaking, the more the price, the better. However, it should also be considered comprehensively based on the preparation process, the infection rate of the covered serotypes in the population, and the age of vaccination.
For example, pneumococcal vaccine, it is recommended to vaccinate children under 2 years old with 13-valent vaccine instead of 23-valent vaccine.
4. Immunization program vaccines + non-immunization program vaccines
Note: The above vaccines are for reference only. Due to different types of vaccines, the vaccination procedures are also different. The vaccine instructions should be followed when inoculating, and vaccination must be carried out under the guidance of an outpatient doctor.
5. How long can vaccines protect children?
The length of the protection period will be affected by many factors such as vaccination age, health status, living habits, environment, etc. Everyone is not exactly the same, so the corresponding protection time is also different.
Source: Jiangxi Health
