Source: Healthy China
October 29, 2022 is the 17th World Stroke Day . This year's theme is "Identify stroke one second earlier and save the brain and recover well."
The brain is the center of human feelings, reactions, and emotions, and is the headquarters of human language, thinking and actions. For example, the speech center is approximately above the left temple, the auditory center is located deep in the ear, and the visual center is located at the back of the head.
Neurology doctors judge possible lesion sites and common diseases based on the patient's clinical symptoms, onset form, etc. stroke is the most common disease in neurology, mainly referring to neurological dysfunction caused by cerebral vascular lesions.
Cematological blood vessels walk in the brain, which is equivalent to the water pipes in the house. Disrepair may cause blockage or rupture. Cerebral hemorrhage , that is, cerebrovascular rupture, accounting for about 1/4. Most strokes are caused by blood vessel blockage.
stroke is the main cause of disease death in our country's residents, and the incidence and mortality rate are on the rise year by year. It is one of the main public health problems that continue to affect people's health.
Etiology screening for stroke
Patients with stroke should go to the hospital for relevant etiology screening as soon as possible, and doctors will formulate targeted treatment plans.
Usually, the causes of ischemic stroke can be divided into five categories: large atherosclerosis, small vascular occlusion, cardiogenic embolization, other rare causes and unknown causes. Therefore, it is very necessary for patients to undergo a full set of stroke examinations in outpatient or hospitalized.
Some patients may undergo targeted treatment after the first stroke without the conditions and after the examination, and may recur. Some patients may have just a brief screening in the emergency room and found that there was vascular stenosis, which still relapsed after the right medicine was given. Then they will be reexamined at this time and found that the patient also has the possibility of cardiogenesis embolism. Therefore, comprehensive screening after stroke is very important.
Similarly, the causes of hemorrhagic stroke also include many types, such as hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, amyloid-related cerebral hemorrhage, aneurysm-related subarachnoid hemorrhage , etc.
Risk factors for stroke
Under each cause of stroke, there are many risk factors for the cause. It should be emphasized here that 80% of stroke risk factors can be prevented. Therefore, it is very important for the public to understand the prevention knowledge of various risk factors.
In 2022, the academic community proposed the "8 elements of life", including diet, physical activity, smoking cessation (nicotine exposure), sleep health, weight, blood lipids , blood sugar and blood pressure.
★Diet: recommends eating more fruits, vegetables, nuts and beans, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products. On the contrary, red meat, processed meat, sugary beverages are considered unhealthy diets and should be eaten less or not. To add to this point, hypertension is also closely related to salt intake. Reducing salt intake can lower blood pressure.
★Physical activity: recommends that adults perform moderate-intensity exercise of ≥150 minutes or high-intensity exercise of ≥75 minutes per week. Physical activities can increase cardiopulmonary function, and are also conducive to weight control and physical and mental health. Of course, the intensity of activity should vary from person to person, and choose the exercise time and method that suits you.
★ Smoking quit (nicotine exposure): "8 elements of life" generally refers to all nicotine exposure, including traditional combustible cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and electronic atomizers. In addition, second-hand smoke exposure is also increased in this indicator to reflect its adverse health effects. Therefore, quit smoking.
★Sleep: Sleep is a basic element of human physiological needs. Several epidemiological studies have confirmed that poor sleep is a risk factor for all-cause death. Many studies have suggested that too short or too long sleep is related to coronary heart disease , stroke and dementia.
★Weight: Obesity is a problem that cannot be underestimated. Obesity can also increase the incidence of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. It is recommended that you control the body mass index (BMI) below 25 to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.
★Sema lipids: Given that fasting is not required before detecting non-HDL cholesterol and can be reliably measured in all patients, it is recommended to perform lipid testing for LDL cholesterol.
Most people can control their blood lipid levels through diet and exercise, such as reducing egg yolk intake and avoiding eating animal viscera. Of course, if the blood lipid level is too high, medication is needed.
★ Blood sugar: Fasting blood sugar exceeds 7 mmol/liter is diabetes, but after meals or random blood sugar exceeds 11 mmol/liter can also be diagnosed as diabetes. Most normal people have fasting blood sugars less than 6 mmol/liter, and their postprandial blood sugar does not exceed 7 mmol/liter.
Regardless of whether you have diabetes or not, a single blood sugar test cannot rule out diabetes. Therefore, we recommend that the detection of blood sugar index should be extended to the measurement of glycated hemoglobin , which can better reflect the blood sugar control status of diabetic patients.
★Blood pressure: The blood pressure of healthy people is generally lower than 130/80mm Hg , and it can fluctuate slightly when encountering tension, emotional excitement or fatigue. However, if the blood pressure is greater than 140/90 mmHg, it can be diagnosed as hypertension.
Hypertension is the main risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Maintaining blood pressure within a healthy range can reduce heart, artery and kidney pressure, thereby prolonging health.
insists on health management according to the "8 elements of life", which can prevent the occurrence and recurrence of strokes. After a stroke occurs, you should also actively recover and exercise, and at the same time, treat the risk factors to prevent recurrence of stroke.
Author: Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Dong Yi,
Review: National Health Science Popularization Expert Database Expert
Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Chief Physician of Department of Neurology Dong Qiang,
