![[Introduction] The World Menopause Medical Association has selected October 18 of each year as the](https://cdn-dd.lujuba.top/img/loading.gif)
[Introduction] The World Menopause Medical Association has selected October 18 of each year as " World Menopause Care Day ", aiming to call on everyone to pay attention to and pay attention to the health of middle-aged and elderly women, and take action to carry out menopausal education and health care activities.
Menopause is a new starting point in women's life, is becoming more and more popular topics of . What you may not understand is that many diseases of follow along with the arrival of menopause, such as diabetes , osteoporosis , cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases , senile dementia, gynecological tumors, etc. Today we will mainly learn about menopausal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
-, the harm of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases are collective names for cardiac blood vessels and cerebrovascular diseases. They generally refer to ischemic or hemorrhagic diseases in the heart, brain and systemic tissues caused by hyperlipidemia, blood viscosity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, etc. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are a common disease that seriously threatens the health of humans, especially those over 50 years old. They have the characteristics of high prevalence, high disability and high mortality. Even if the most advanced and complete treatment methods are used, more than 50% of cerebrovascular accident survivors cannot take full care of themselves. The number of people who die of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the world every year is as high as 15 million, ranking first among all causes of death.
2. Causes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases during menopause:
A large amount of evidence supports that estrogen has a protective effect on cardiovascular. Endogenous estrogen in women before menopause can attenuate age-related vascular aging, thereby reducing the formation of atherosclerosis, and thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. When menopause enters menopause, ovarian function decreases, estrogen production decreases, and estrogen protection is lost. The probability of increased blood pressure, blood lipids, , blood sugar and other indicators will increase. If these indicators are not controlled in time, the process of atherosclerosis will accelerate and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases will also increase. According to statistics, the incidence of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women is only 1/10 to 3/10 that in men. After menopause, women have a three-fold risk of cardiovascular disease than before, and the mortality rate is the same as men. After that, with age, the corresponding cardiovascular disease mortality rate for women increases by 7 times for every 10 years. Postmenopausal women die of cardiovascular disease, and 23% of women die of myocardial infarction in their lifetime are far greater than the 4% risk of death from breast cancer.
(I) Blood pressure fluctuates greatly. estrogen can improve blood vessel elasticity and is closely related to fluctuations in hypertension. Moreover, women have menstrual disorders during perimenopause, especially during emotional excitement and physical fatigue, their blood pressure will rise and fall.
(Bi) Increased blood lipids. dyslipidemia is an important factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Affected by estrogen changes, women with lipid metabolism are disordered, and the total cholesterol level of women over 50 years old in China is higher than that of men of the same age.
(III) arrhythmia . arrhythmia is manifested as paroxysmal palpitations and palpitations. It is often without cause. The onset time generally lasts for dozens of seconds or minutes, which can be relieved by itself. However, some palpitations are caused by autonomic nervous system disorders such as sympathetic nerve , vagus nerve , which is related to changes in perimenopause estrogen levels.
3, menopause cardiovascular health management:
(I) Adhere to a healthy lifestyle, eat healthy, and exercise regularly.
1. Pay attention to a reasonable diet to ensure balanced intake of nutrients.
(1) Prevent nutrition-related diseases;
(2) Drink enough water;
(3) Eat and exercise balance to maintain a suitable weight;
(4) Advocate less oil , less salt , control sugar , limit alcohol , , and light diet.
2. Appropriate exercise should be done during menopause
recommended to exercise three times a week, at least 30 minutes each time, 2 times anaerobic exercise , 15 minutes each time. You can formulate a scientific exercise plan under the guidance of a professional, step by step, gradually increase the frequency and intensity of exercise, and develop exercise habits.
(II) Blood lipids and blood pressure should be checked during menopause
Blood pressure and Blood lipids are important indicators of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. Myocardial infarction , stroke , heart failure are usually related to it. 30%-50% of women will experience hypertension before the age of 60, such as: heart palpitations , hot flashes , headache , fatigue , sleep disorders, etc. Especially for women who have had hypertension during pregnancy or gestational diabetes , they should check their blood pressure regularly and control their blood pressure.
(III) Menopause hormone treatment
The culprit of various symptoms and long-term harms in menopause is the decline or fluctuation of estrogen levels. Therefore, the most effective and comprehensive way to solve the problem of menopause is supplementary sex hormones, which is what we call "menopausal hormone therapy". Early standardized application can effectively and quickly relieve menopause-related symptoms. Long-term application can protect bones and blood vessels, prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases, delay the decline of cognitive function, reduce the risk of Alzheimer's , and reduce the risk of colorectal and many other benefits.
[Experts in this issue]
Sun Jianhua, director of the gynecological clinic of Shenyang Women and Infant Hospital. He is currently an editorial member of the Liaoning Medical Journal, a member of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch of the Chinese Geriatric Society, and a member of the Menopause Branch of the Reproductive Endocrinology Professional Committee of the China Medical Education Association. Proficient in the diagnosis and treatment of common and frequently occurring gynecological diseases, and have certain research on gynecological endocrine diseases, gynecological laparoscopic surgery, standardized diagnosis and treatment of gynecological tumors.
