Modern cognitive psychology trends originated in the mid-1950s and developed rapidly after the 1960s. They were named after the book "Cognitive Psychology" published by Neiser . By the 1980s, it had become a new school of in the Western psychology community that is popular with , basically replacing behaviorist psychology and dominating in the field of Western psychology. Today, Dr. Junjun and you will learn about the relevant knowledge of the school of cognitive psychology.
school brief description:
Cognitive psychology school opposes behaviorist theory and transfers the research on focus from external behavior to internal psychological process. They regard human processing methods as computer-type information processing system, and believe that 's working principles are the same as computer's working principles , so they can make analogies between computers and human brains. They emphasized the decisive role of human in the existing knowledge structure of on the current cognitive activities of behavior and , and strive to discover the laws of people obtaining and using knowledge through computer simulations and other methods, so as to achieve the purpose of exploring the laws of human cognitive activities. They also acknowledge the subjective initiative and the active role of people in , and emphasize the overall comprehensive analysis of people's cognitive process.
Core theory:
1, information processing of the human brain
Cognitive psychology school regards the human brain as a computer-style information processing system, consisting of four parts: receptor , reactor, memory and processor . First, the outside world inputs information into the receptor. After receiving the receptor processing , the information is reconstructed, distinguished and compared through the processor, and then enters the memory system to store the extractable symbol structure . Finally, the reactor reacts to the outside world.
Cognitive theory believes that perception is a process of determining the meaning of the stimulus that people receive, and this process depends on information from the environment and the perceiver himself, that is, knowledge. The complete cognitive process is a series of cycle processes such as -directed - extraction characteristics - compared with the knowledge in memory .
knowledge works through diagram . The so-called diagram is a psychological structure , which is used to represent our internalized knowledge unit of the external world. It is activated when the illustration receives external information suitable for it. The activated diagram causes people to generate internal perceptual expectations and is used to guide to sensory organ to search for special form information in .
2, memory encoding
memory is the process of the human brain encoding, storing and extracting input information. Memory is the psychological process of accumulating and preserving individual experience in the human brain through the three basic links of , , . The school of cognitive psychology divides memory into auditory coding , visual coding and semantic coding according to its characteristics. It is believed that people divide it into three encodings according to the various traits of things and store it in three different locations. Then, this memory can be retrieved using three different ways: sound, shape, and meaning.
Representative figures:
Neiser
Neiser spent two and a half years writing The world's first monograph on cognitive psychology —"Cognitive Psychology", marking that cognitive psychology as a discipline officially entered the historical stage. For the first time, the previous scattered cognitive research was integrated into a complete discipline framework of , , and for the first time in the history of psychology, cognitive movement was given a formal name.
He proposed that cognitive research should have ecological validity , and emphasized that cognitive psychology research should pay attention to the world outside the laboratory . He criticized the mainstream research in cognitive psychology at that time for focusing too much on 's internal psychological processing process , over-examination of the role of the recipient, while ignored the influence of the environment .
Piage
Piage proposed the cognitive development theory . He divided children's cognitive development into four stages , namely perceptual operation stage , pre-operation stage , specific operation stage , form operation stage . Children and students develop in a certain rule and sequence from birth to maturity. Therefore, teaching requires that follow the physical and mental development rules of students and children .
Piaget also proposed the concept of schema , assimilation, compliance and balance on the basis of cognitive development theory.
Schema: is the core concept in Piaget's theory , referring to an organized and repeatable behavior or thinking pattern .
Assimilation: Include environmental factors into your existing schema to strengthen and enrich the theme movements. This is just a change in quantity, without a qualitative change in .
conforms to: changes the main movements to adapt to objective changes, which is qualitative change .
Balance: Balance is the balance of the two functions of assimilation and adaptation . It is both a developing factor and a psychological structure. When the existing schema cannot solve the existing problems, an imbalance will naturally arise, and we will find a way to adjust ourselves to regain balance .
Professional writings:
Neiser: "Cognitive Psychology", "Cognition and Reality"
Piage: "Children's Language and Thoughts", "Children's Judgment and Reasoning", "Children's Concepts about the World", "Children's Physical Causal Concepts", "Children's World Representation", "Children's Moral Judgment", "The Origin of Children's Wisdom", "The Formation of Children's Symbols", "Wisdom Psychology", "The Development of Logical Thinking from Children to Youth", "Early Formation of Children's Logical Thinking", "Principles of Episodeology", " Constructivism "
OK, today's sharing of knowledge about cognitive psychology school will end here. In fact, there are still a lot of relevant knowledge that you need to discover and understand by yourself. If you are very interested in psychology and want to learn more, you can read psychological books, or you can systematically learn psychology through the basic training course of psychological counselors. The training course will elaborate on the theories and theories of each school in more detail and specific, so that we can have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the emergence and development of psychology.
Sanjunyuan, see you, me and him! Learn a little psychology every day to let you understand yourself better!
