1840, the UK launched the First Opium War against my country, which also opened the country's door and began a century-old humiliation process in modern times.
At that time, the incompetent Qing government, which was corrupt and incompetent from the inside out, naturally could not fight against the invaders. In desperation, they could only calm down the situation. From then on, they "lent" many great rivers and mountains and signed a series of unequal treaties.
Picture丨The First Opium War
Later, thanks to the sacrifice and blood of countless ancestors, looking at the increasingly powerful motherland, many powerful people gradually returned the land that belonged to us.
In 1997, Hong Kong returned to , and in 1999, Macao returned. At that time, the song " Song of the Seven Sons " became popular all over the country.
But in fact there is still a territory that was signed that year, with a lease term of 99 years, , and this territory is also in the Song of the Seven Sons.
So where is this territory? How did it be rented out and when did it return?
pic丨Hong Kong returns to
Rich hometown Zhanjiang -Guangzhou Bay
In addition to being "rented" in Hong Kong and Macau for a very long time, there is another place that few people mention, , but its "rental period" is also as long as 99 years, and it is Guangzhou Bay.
1898, Germany directly sent troops to invade Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, Shandong, and also signed the "Lease Period" of 199 years.
This move made the Western powers completely moved, and they all united to put pressure on the Qing government to rent land and occupy capital.
There are six countries including Britain, Germany, Russia, France, the United States and Japan, and Germany directly invaded Qingdao, Shandong, intending to completely divide China.
pic丨The Qing government signed an unequal treaty
and "Guangzhou Bay" was targeted by France. Perhaps it sounds like this name may think it is located somewhere in Guangzhou, , but in fact, it is nearly 500 miles away from Guangzhou , which can be said to be quite far away, and this place is today Zhanjiang.
The former "Guangzhou Bay" and today's Zhanjiang have also ushered in its bad luck.
In 1987, when the French fleet arrived in China, it encountered typhoon . In order to avoid the storm, it was accepted by the local village name and brought their fleet into the "Guangzhou Bay" to resist the typhoon.
But who knows that this action is like attracting wolves into the house. Not only are these "guests" not only not grateful, but even after seeing the "fat meat" of "Guangzhou Bay", they became coveted again.
map丨Zhanjiang map
The French found that the innate conditions of the port here were very good. They could dock the warship and station the navy, especially those tortuous coastlines, which could resist natural disasters well. At the same time, commercial ports could be established, echoing the Panyu District to drive the economy.
is like this. This "Guangzhou Bay" that not only has military value, but also has great economic value, which made the French very moved.
France quickly applied for the Qing government to "lent" Guangzhou Bay, which was more of an order than an application.
At that time, our country had just experienced noon , the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and suffered a complete defeat. , the entire country was in a state of being divided and agreed to France one by one in the face of France's request. He did not dare to disobey France at all. He agreed to their request without thinking.
Picture丨After the occupied Guangzhou Bay
successfully occupied the "Guangzhou Bay", they began to "encircle land" and prepare to erode the internal land bit by bit.
This behavior naturally aroused the dissatisfaction of the residents of Wuchuan and Suixi . The organization reached a scale of 1,000 people, and the vigorous anti-French struggle in Zhanjiang also completely kicked off.
When the French saw that the plan was blocked, they remembered that Britain directly obtained control by signing a treaty, so they forced the Qing government to sign the so-called treaty.
1899, the Qing government was once again forced to sign the "China-France Guangzhou Bay Lease Treaty", and at the same time, it also allocated Suixi and Wuchuan areas to the controlled jurisdictions under France.
turned "Guangzhou Bay" into the French concession, and the prescribed lease period was in 199, which made the already devastated land lose another piece of land.
Picture丨Treaty content
By 1943, the "Guangzhou Bay" had achieved good development under the operation of France, but at this time, Japan set its sights on this place again.
The Japanese launched a brazen attack on the French, because France was overwhelmed at that time, their local government was fighting against Germany, and even their central government fled to Britain in exile.
So in desperation, France and Japan signed the " Joint Defense of Guangzhou Bay Agreement ", and the two of them joined forces to divide Guangzhou Bay.
By 1945, with the victory of the Japanese War and the Japanese surrendered, "Guangzhou Bay" continued to be taken over by France. However, after France experienced the German war at this time, it was already in danger. Faced with our slowly becoming stronger, they were no longer able to "control" Guangzhou Bay.
pic丨The Japanese army entered Guangzhou Bay
After that, the Chinese National Government and the French Embassy in China signed the "Treaty for the Transfer of the Guangzhou Bay Land Lease Treaty between the National Government of the Republic of China and the French Provisional Government."
The signing of this treaty, means that the "Guangzhou Bay" has been officially recovered. After experiencing a "rental period" of 46 years, he finally returned to the embrace of his motherland.
After that, Guangdong Provincial People's Government also formally divided the "Guangzhou Bay" area into municipal jurisdiction, forming today's Zhanjiang City . By today's coastal city has become a very prosperous coastal city .
pic丨The present Zhanjiang
who has the biggest fist will be equal
1840, Due to the outbreak of the Opium War , it announced that our country has officially become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country.
At that time, the British army divided into two routes from the water and land in Guangzhou, forming a force of attack, but the Qing army retreated all the way. Although the soldiers were very tenacious, even the people took up weapons and spontaneously resisted the invasion of Western powers.
But before that, the Qing government was too incompetent and too corrupt, and it had long been distanced from others in both economic and military aspects.
When the Qing army was still using cold weapons and swords, the British army had already gone north with guns and cannons to burn, kill and loot. , especially the British Royal Fleet, set up cannons at the Dagukou Fort in Tianjin, aimed directly at the Forbidden City , , and even threatened to bombard Cixi's bedroom.
Picture丨Invading troops occupied the fort
. With the loss of Tianjin, the Qing government was unable to fight again. Finally, it sent representatives to negotiate peace with the UK in Nanjing, and even signed the first unequal treaty in the UK's fleet in modern history, " Nanjing Treaty ".
Due to the signing of the Nanjing Treaty, Hong Kong Island was officially ceded, and the trading ports in five cities including Guangzhou, Ningbo were opened, and there were also a large amount of compensation.
The signing of the Treaty of Nanjing made the great powers of all countries see the sweetness and want to get a share of the pie.
Seeing that the British had achieved such a great "victory result", the Portuguese could no longer hold back and began their plan to "get" Macau.
It turned out that at that time, there were already a large number of Portuguese living in Macau. Later, with the increase of the population, they formed a certain scale. They were not satisfied with the status quo and wanted to directly occupy this territory. They quickly established a Portuguese settlement.
Picture丨After signing the treaty
, they wanted to force Macau through force or conspiracy several times, but their strength was not even comparable to the corrupt Qing government, let alone the idea of occupying this place through force.
After the First Opium War, Britain's "real fruitful" gave the Portuguese hope. Soon the Portuguese found the British behind their backs and formed a cooperative relationship.
So the British gave the Portuguese military help behind the scenes, continued to put pressure on the Qing government, and ordered the Qing government to officially lease Macau to Portugal.
That's it. For their own status, the Qing government rulers could only agree to them to sign the Sino-Portugal Treaty, and the signing of this treaty officially meant that Portugal had the management rights of Macau from then on.
Just like that, Hong Kong and Macao officially became colonies of the great powers, did not return to the embrace of the motherland until the late 1990s.
Picture丨Signing the Sino-Portugal Treaty
The rise of major powers is the true equality
, and Guangzhou seems to have successfully returned to the embrace of the motherland in the end, but if we look into the reason, is it really just because France and Germany were unable to take into account the "Guangzhou Bay" when they were fighting at that time?
The deeper reason lies in our own, in our country, in the inevitable result after our nation all rose.
Back then, when France classified "Guangzhou Bay" as Concession , they originally insisted on driving away local residents and even shot and killed the people at will, completely ignored the consequences of their doing so.
As the saying goes, "Where there is oppression, there is resistance." So a struggle against France broke out in the local area.
Picture丨After the French entered Guangzhou Bay
Under the heroic resistance of the people of "Guangzhou Bay" back then, the villagers helped each other. Although they did not have advanced weapons from foreigners, and although they did not have muskets and cannons, they still could not stop their determination to defend their country.
They picked up their only agricultural tools and sickles, used these agricultural tools as weapons, and organized many attacks against the French army with the determination to die.
It can be said that under the struggle of local villagers, the actual control area of the French Concession weakened nearly two-thirds of its territory. and the Zhanjiang people's anti-French struggle has also become a classic representative example in the anti-imperialist struggle in modern Chinese history. at least it allows us to see that the hearts of the Chinese nation are united and unanimous to the outside world.
Picture丨The French in Guangzhou Bay
The "rental period" of 99 years"
If you observe carefully in these humiliating treaties in modern Chinese history, it is almost one thing in common, that is, between countries and countries, the maximum term of lease period in the treaty is 99 years, and it cannot be written for 100 years or more than 100 years.
And the reason for this regulation is that it has always been circulated among the people in the West. If writes the lease term as 100 years, and when the leased country uses it for 100 years, it will have the legal right to use the land.
And this unwritten provision is understood to be a legal provision passed in international law , thus being recognized by Western countries.
Picture丨The great powers of various countries
So at this time it can also be understood as, after , after 100 years of lease, the country that leases the land is no longer a simple lease, but has already "legal" to own and manage the land, and the country that rents the land will permanently lose the ownership of the land.
And this seemingly absurd statement, to some extent, is indeed true.
Because even today, European and American countries will have a special folk custom in the local area, . From a legal point of view, this term is called "reverse rights infringement".
The so-called "reverse rights infringement" is explained as "If a stranger enters a house and the owner is not at home or is unaware of it, if the stranger lives for a long time for a period of more than 5 years, then the stranger has the right to use the house.
At first glance, this theory is really ridiculous, but this provision is clearly and black-and-white in the United States and is incorporated into legal provisions.
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For example, California has a 5-year term, while other states in the United States also have a 10- or 20-year term. These are the ideas of Europeans and Americans.
The "rental period of 99 years" in the treaty is another manifestation of this idea. Unfortunately, they seem to have made the mistake of the abacus and thought that they could occupy our territory as if nothing had happened for nearly a hundred years.
And this so-called "rental period of 99 years" is in a half-true and half-false state. It is said that it It is because Westerners do have this idea, but it is said that it is not conventional because this is just a thinking idea in the West, it is just a private commitment between the two parties. There is no written provision at all, nor is it the content stipulated by international law as everyone says.
This statement, can first originate from a Dutch man, who is called Hugo Gelauss , He liked law and theology very much since he was a child, and was respected by later generations as the founder of international law.
Picture丨Huguo Gelaoxius
Because in the early days, this person proposed the term "rental for 99 years", because the number "9" means the extreme, 99 years means not reaching 100 years, 9 is a dividing line.
And there are very few ordinary people who can live to 99 years old, and this means the overall lifespan of a generation. So this self-righteous Dutch Huguo Gelaoxius proposed the term "rental for 99 years". The lease period has calculated all the generations.
100 years later, that is, the second or even the third generation, I have witnessed or understood that the people who signed the treaty have long returned to the dust.
And then, coupled with the greedy and shameless thinking of Westerners, can naturally own this land and resources that "belong" to them.
Picture丨Shameless powers
and these so-called " The term of 99 years is just a fig leaf for the Western powers. Their purpose is very simple, which is to permanently occupy other countries' territory through a treaty that seems to be "reasonable and legal", in order to use this ambiguous concept to confuse the truth about their illegal occupation.
It has to be said that Western countries did make a good plan. In those days, the reason why many Western powers recognized this treaty was because they were busy plundering resources at that time, burning, killing and looting everywhere in the world.
Since the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing, the land of the motherland has begun to be eaten up by Westerners little by little. The people have also fallen one after another, falling under the guns of the Western powers and becoming their dead souls. This is a great hatred! This is a feud! The destruction of the country and the family is a true portrayal of that year.
Fortunately, later, the corrupt and incompetent Qing government was finally pushed down by everyone. The bloody sacrifice of countless ancestors recovered all the Hong Kong, Macau and Guangzhou Bay one by one.
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pic丨The corrupt and incompetent Qing government escaped
Remember the national humiliation and never forget the original intention
British politicians are also Prime Minister Churchill . They once said: "Failure is not the end, success is not the end, these are just our courage to continue moving forward."
And the truth of this passage is actually very suitable for our country. No matter when, when facing anything, we should not be arrogant because of success for a while.
Emperor Qianlong of that year first ascended the throne, worked diligently and worked hard to govern. It was his policy of governing the country that made Later generations evaluate his reign as " Kangxi and Qianlong Prosperous Times ".
But in his later years, he had become greedy for enjoyment and lost in the vanity and prosperity of peace and stability of the country. Therefore, he directly implemented a policy of closing the country. He wishfully believed that the Celestial Empire was for the superior country and did not need to cooperate with any country.
Picture丨Qianlong
It was his arrogant attitude that made Qing Dynasty lose the best time for development, When our country was still in the closed doors, European and American countries had already carried out the booming industrial revolution.
The strength of many Western countries has been unprecedentedly improved, and they have changed from feudal countries to capitalist countries , and only our country has been immersed in "continuing the door".
Because of this, our country's overall national strength began to decline. Fortunately, the ancestors knew their shame and then braved, and did not give up because of their defeats again and again. Instead, became more and more courageous. After repeated bloodshed and sacrificed again and again, he finally defeated the minions of the fascist thugs.
Picture丨Industrial Revolution
Stage failure does not represent what it means that we will never turn over. The most important thing is how we face failure. We must have the determination to win, and at the same time we must have the courage to start over.
Faced with the past suffering and shame, We should not forget the efforts of our ancestors, because today's peace and today's prosperity are all exchanged for our ancestors' lives.
As we today, we must cherish this hard-won peace, and we must always remember the historical lessons of that year. We must not forget the truth that if we fall behind, we will be beaten.
Picture丨Today's prosperous era
"Learn from history, we can see the rise and fall of the world". my country has been around for five thousand years, providing us with precious spiritual wealth. What we need to do is to carry forward this huge wealth.
