01
The second year of Chongzhen (1629) In June, Ji Liao Supervisor Yuan Chonghuan announced the "twelve killings", please issue Shangfang Sword and correct it.
Dongjiang Army did not mutiny over Mao Wenlong's death.
1,
Yuan Chonghuan distributed 100,000 taels of silver to Pidao officers and soldiers;
and raised their military salary to the same level as the Guanning Army, which doubled.
is much better than following Mao Wenlong, and there is really no reason to cause trouble.
2,
4Yuan Chonghuan divided the Ming army in the former Dongjiang Town into four parts, and ordered Mao Chenglu , Xu Fuzou, Liu Xingzuo, and Chen Jisheng . Among the four people, Mao Chenglu is Mao Wenlong's godson; Liu Xingzuo is the local snake who came back to the Ming Dynasty from Later Jin ; Xu Fuzou and Chen Jisheng are both Yuan Chonghuan's confidants.
From this combination, we can see that Yuan Chonghuan only wants to kill Mao Wenlong and does not ask about the rest.
For the Dongjiang Army, Yuan Chonghuan still had hope, hoping that his subordinates could bring them well.
But the good times didn't last long, and the Dongjiang Army changed the world.
02
In October of this year, Huang Taiji led his army to avoid Ningyuan and Jinzhou, and divided his troops into three groups from Longjing Pass, Hongshankou and Da'ankou to break into the pass, conquering Zunhua (now Hebei) , and approaching the capital.
Ji Si's change broke out.
defeat came, and Chongzhen immediately ordered the nine gates of Beijing to be martial law, and urgently ordered the border troops to enter Beijing to serve the king.
First, Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned for being accused of cheating the enemy and treason in the Jisi Incident, which implicated Xu Fu Zu;
When Yuan Chonghuan went to Beijing to serve the king, Liu Xingzuo (Liu Xingzuo was under his command before the founding of the country and later joined the Ming Dynasty ) knows Huang Taiji's background, so he takes him with him.
Dongjiang's position was handed over to Liu Xingzuo's younger brother Liu Xingzhi.
03
It is worth mentioning that Huang Taiji's two " counter-espionage ":
1. Using the counter-espionage strategy, Yuan Chonghuan was brought to prison;
2. On the way back to the north, the Later Jin army conquered Tongzhou, Qian'an, , Zunhua, Luanzhou (now Luan County, Hebei) return to the north.
During the period, Huang Taiji also specially "taken care of" Liu Xingzuo:
"I want to capture Liu Xingzuo and win Yongping. He forgot my special kindness and absconded by God. He was still captured by me. It is unknown."
then sent Abatai , Jierhalang and others to lead 500 soldiers to hunt down Liu Xingzuo.
The next day, Liu Xingzuo led 800 cavalry to escort the heads of the Later Jin soldiers to Yongping for inspection.
When he reached the two gray mouths, he encountered the Later Jin army.
In the end, Liu Xingzuo was caught in the trap and was killed by Jirgalang.
Huang Taiji
After Huang Taiji killed Liu Xingzuo, he played a counter-espionage plan and forged a letter from Liu Xingzuo to his younger brother. In the letter, Liu Xingzuo said that he had invested in the Later Jin Dynasty again.
Huang Taiji specially sent this letter to Chen Jisheng.
Chen Jisheng secretly reported this matter to Sun Chengzong .
. In order to be on the safe side, Sun Chengzong (also try to avoid the fearless Ming army's losses) , he asked his subordinates to transfer Liu Xingzhi to the pass to fight the Later Jin soldiers with the order.
04
Sometimes things are just that inch.
Not long ago, Liu Xingzuo's deputy general Wu Jianzhong returned to Pi Island from Yongping front, bringing explosive news to Liu Xingzhi:
Some people in the court suspected that Liu Xingzuo defected to the Later Jin Dynasty again, so after a while, they would send people to the island to trick Liu Xingzhi and others back to Ningyuan to kill them!
So, when Liu Xingzhi saw Sun Chengzong's order, he exploded!
The third year of Chongzhen (1630) On April 12, Liu Xingzhi invited all the generals of Dongjiang under the pretext of Liu Xingzuo's mourning, but in fact he secretly ambushed his elite soldiers outside the tent. When the funeral was halfway through, Liu Xingzhi gave the order, the big soldiers suddenly rushed out, and Chen Xingsheng and others immediately became dead souls under the knife.
Zhou Wenyu's "Border Affairs" records:
In April, Chen Jisheng, deputy general of the island affairs, secretly reported to Shufu: "Xingzuo did not die and followed the thief. Xingxian's slaves had books to recruit Xingzhi, etc., and the Xingzhi was in charge of all the barbarians, which was very worthy of consideration" and other words...
was added to Xingzuo's deputy general Wu Jianzhong and others returned to the island, and they also said that the mainland suspected that Xingzha was following the thief, and they were about to use the name of transferring troops to kill their brothers.
Shishu auxiliary dispatched troops to arrive, and Xingzhi believed it, but he was resentful, so he killed Jisheng and killed twenty-one civil and military members of the palace.
The elite soldiers and the officials and merchant ships in the island of Kudong, led their troops to Lushun, and only one sail was needed to arrive. At that time, the slave was still in Luanyong, and China and foreign countries were confused.
05
As soon as Chen Jisheng died, his generals were afraid that they would settle the score by Liu Xingzhiqiu, so they scattered and left Pi Island one after another, looking for their own way.
There are two legendary figures - Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming . He crossed the sea to Dengzhou, Shandong, and defected to Denglai Governor Sun Yuanhua .
liadong so big, why did these two brothers vote for Sun Yuanhua?
1,
From the distance, you can take the sea road from Pidao, Dengzhou is the closest.
To go to Ningyuan, you have to take a detour and pass through the territory of the Later Jin Dynasty. The two brothers
2 and
are too small at this time, and even if they invest in the money, they will not be valued.
3,
is also the most important one:
Sun Yuanhua was able to take the technical route, and his professionalism was a cannon builder.
technology men don’t have that many twists and turns in their minds, it’s so fooling.
(At this time, there was a Portuguese named Teixeira Correa who led a group of compatriots to help the Ming army build European cannons, and the test shot has been successfully performed.)
As expected, when Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming came to vote, Sun Yuanhua did not distinguish it, so he entrusted the two with important tasks. Kong Youde was appointed as the general , and Geng Zhongming became the central army of Dengzhou Guard.
brothers settled their home in Dengzhou, leisurely and leisurely after a year.
06
4 Chongzhen fourth year (1631) , and the Later Jin Dynasty once again surrounded Dalinghe City.
Chongzhen urgently ordered the Jiubian, Zhili and Shandong to send troops to reinforce.
received the order, and Sun Yuanhua asked Kong Youde to lead more than a thousand people to Liaodong.
kone is unwilling to do so.
Because he had met Hou Jin several times back then, in his opinion, the number of people under his command was not enough to put Hou Jin in between his teeth.
But he did not dare to disobey Sun Yuanhua's instructions on the surface.
so he lied that there was hurricane at sea and could not go by sea, so he requested support from land.
Sun Yuanhua's mind didn't turn around for a moment and agreed.
kongyoude started a milling worker.
After walking for more than two months, I ate all the food I brought with me, and then I walked to Wuqiao (now Wuqiao County, Cangzhou, Hebei Province) .
Dengzhou to Wuqiao, the straight line distance is about 450 kilometers.
In other words, his marching distance is no more than 20 miles per day.
literally climbs slower than snails.
07
Kong Youde came to Wuqiao, God also came to make fun, and it started to snow.
After eating the food, people can't starve to death.
At this time, a big soldier ran to a large manor outside Wuqiao City and stole a chicken.
Highlights immediately sent their son to Kong Youde's place to ask for an explanation.
isn’t it just a chicken, what’s so great about it!
But after knowing the identity of the visitor, Kong Youde immediately! immediately! Quite ! Ask the subordinates to pay for the chicken that has already eaten.
But just like in " Water Margin ", the waiter of Zhujiazhuang store found Shi Qian stealing chicken--
The son of a big family said:
We don’t want money! We only want chickens!
kong Youde had no choice but to punish the big-headed soldier who stole the chicken and inserted his arrows into his ears, parading in the military camp.
The son of a large household was satisfied and ready to go home. The confidence of the big businessman comes from his identity.
home home Wang Xiangchun is a retired doctor in the Nanjing Ministry of Personnel Examination Department.
Wang Xiangchun's elder brother Wang Xiangqian is a bigger brother. He served as Minister of War and Governor of Ji Liao twice. In terms of qualifications, Sun Chengzong was not as good as.
others are afraid of big-headed soldiers, and it happens that his family is just the one who takes the big-headed soldiers.
But the big soldiers don’t care about these things and go crazy together:
"I put my head on my belt and defend my country, but now I am bullied because of a chicken!"
also burned the Wangjia Manor.
08
Seeing the army mutiny, Kong Youde, his deputy Li Jiucheng, Li Yingyuan and others did not stop it, but instead let the matter make a big deal.
Why do they ignore it?
Because Sun Yuanhua gave Li Jiucheng a sum of money to buy horses before, but Li Jiucheng took the money to the casino and lost all of it. Anyway, it is not easy to pay for the job when he goes back, so it is better to rebel in Wuqiao!
Kong Youde had no choice at this time. The Wang family was burned, how could they give up?
This case must be sued to Beijing, and your future will definitely be gone.
Therefore, Kong Youde agreed to be the leader of this mutiny and lead everyone to rob everywhere.
rebels successively broke the three cities of Lingxian, Linyi, and Shanghe, and then surrounded Deping. Soon they abandoned Deping and captured Qingcheng, and Xincheng, making the entire Shandong Peninsula a mess.
"History of Ming Dynasty·Biography of Zhu Dadian" records:
In the year, Dalinghe New City was besieged, and the troops issued a strong man to the Yuanhua to travel to the sea, and went to Yaozhou salt field to show restraint.
has evil words and goes to Ningyuan instead.
October morning, and there are more than a thousand people in the throne of the 9000 sons of the throne, and they arrived in Wuqiao after months. The county people stopped the market and had no food.
One soldier and the gang of students, and they had virtue to swear, and the crowd was in a big uproar.
90% of the Yuanhua Silver Market will be brought to the Yuanhua Silver Market. It will be useless and it will be time to Wuqiao.
heard the grievances of all people, so he plotted with Ying Yuan, and had virtue, and they were in chaos with each other, trapping Lingxian, Linyi, Shanghe, remnants Qidong, and surrounded Deping. Then he gave up, trapped Qingcheng and Xincheng, and pilled the east.
You may be surprised. Kong Youde's subordinates have more than 1,000 people. How did he make such a big noise?
That's because the Denglai area was the supply base for the Ming Dynasty to counterattack Liaodong.
Before Kong Youde set out, Sun Yuanhua equipped him with almost three times his supplies and weapons and ammunition. Kong Youde travels to Liaodong with just one trip between
.
Therefore, when I heard that Kong Youde's troops mutiny in Wuqiao, Sun Yuanhua was very nervous. He knew very well that these people's combat effectiveness (mainly because the firearm is very strong) . No one in Shandong can stand up to the front.
Shandong Governor Yu Dacheng usually doesn’t know how to fight, so he can only discuss countermeasures with Sun Yuanhua.
The two of them decided to recruit rebels. Since the big soldiers caused trouble because they had no food, they just gave them food and supplies. Isn’t it easy to solve the problem?
and ordered that the prefectures and counties along the way should not send troops to intercept Kong Youde's troops to avoid intensifying conflicts.
09
Kokong Youde fought so smoothly in the previous few battles and was braver, so he wanted to engage in separatism in Shandong!
Kong Youde took the plan and wrote a letter to Sun Yuanhua to complain, agreed on the date of surrender, confused Sun Yuanhua, and led his troops straight to Dengzhou.
(Kong Youde returned to Dengzhou from Wuqiao, and it took only 24 days to complete the whole plan.)
When Sun Yuanhua felt that things would not be so simple, everything was too late. Kong Youde had arrived less than ten miles away from Dengzhou.
Sun Yuanhua asked his general Zhang Tao to lead the army to intercept Kong Youde as much as possible.
general Zhang Keda also sent Nanzhili local army to help.
two groups of people form a pincer attack.
is about to succeed, but at this critical moment, Zhang Tao withdrew from the battlefield!
It turns out that Zhang Tao's subordinates were mostly Liao soldiers and Kong Youde's subordinates were fellow villagers.
Kong Youde only sent someone to raise feelings for Zhang Tao, and Zhang Tao released water on the battlefield.
Losing Zhang Tao's support, Zhang Keda was defeated by Kong Youde.
10
The battle outside the city was lost, but Dengzhou was still in the hands of Sun Yuanhua.
As long as you guard the city, Kong Youde will have nothing to do.
Sun Yuanhua is a talent for making cannons. When he was in charge of the repair of Dengzhou City, he fully considered two issues:
1. Dengzhou is a logistics base. In order to facilitate transportation, the city was directly built by the sea;
2. Dengzhou refers to the European bastion style. It has solid city defense and can withstand the attack of cannons, which is thicker than that of Shanhaiguan.
This means that if Kong Youde wants to break through Dengzhou head-on, it will be as difficult as climbing the sky.
But what do you say?
The most solid fortress in the world is often breached from the inside.
kong Youde's eyes turned and he had a plan to come up with his heart.
He sent his soldiers to wear makeup and succeed in defeat, went to Dengzhou to call the door, and asked to go to the city to take refuge.
Sun Yuanhua remembers to eat and beat him. Although his subordinates repeatedly dissuaded them and could not let these "defeated soldiers" come in, he just refused to listen.
After the rebels entered the city, they immediately contacted Geng Zhongming and others in the city.
Wait until midnight, the rebels took advantage of the guard's unpreparedness and raised the fire as a call. Geng Zhongming and Chen Guangfu, the Dushi, opened the east gate of Dengzhou and released Kong Youde's troops into the city.
Dengzhou City fell.
Zhang Keda committed suicide by hanging himself in the official office;
Sun Yuanhua failed to commit suicide and was captured by Kong Youde.
Kong Youdenian Before, Sun Yuanhua had taken in himself selflessly, and did not do anything to him. He only asked him to write a letter to Yu Dacheng, requesting "peace talks" and asking the court to appoint himself in Yongzhen Dengzhou.
After Sun Yuanhua finished writing the letter, Kong Youde released him out of Dengzhou.
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Chongzhen was furious when he saw the emergency document and ordered the dismissal of Yu Dacheng and Sun Yuanhua and to send him to the capital.
Sun Yuanhua and Yu Dacheng were imprisoned in prison hand in hand. After being tried by the three departments of , Yu Dacheng was sentenced to exile, and Sun Yuanhua was taken to the West Market and beheaded for public display.
11
Dengzhou battle continues.
After Sun Yuanhua was killed, Chongzhen appointed Xu Congzhi as the governor of New Shandong, and Xie Lian, the governor of New Denglai, immediately went to Laizhou to suppress the war.
According to the ancient rules of the court, Xie Lian should be in charge of Laizhou to command the rebellion, and Xu Congzhi was mainly responsible for supplying food and grass in Jinan.
However, Xu Congzhi was very skilled and brave, and felt that he should live and die with the frontline soldiers, so he took the initiative to ask to go to Laizhou to inspire people.
But what Xu Congzhi did not expect was that shortly after he entered Laizhou, Kong Youde actually sent someone to surround Laizhou and attacked him day and night.
Although the imperial court assembled a large number of rebellion-fighting troops on the outside, the two highest officials on the ground in Shandong were in Laizhou, and no one held unified command of these troops. Therefore, the imperial troops could not let go and were defeated everywhere.
Although at this time, there were still people in the court who were blindly confident and advocated pleasing Kong Youde.
Minister of War Xiong Mingyu , recommended the Minister of the Secretariat Liu Yulie as the Governor of Shandong on the ground that there is no one to supervise the troops on Shandong.
After Liu Yulie arrived in Shandong, he suspended all military operations and sent people to surrender Kong Youde.
Xu Congzhi firmly opposed this, but Liu Yulie did not listen at all.
and Kong Youde seized the opportunity, and made contact with Liu Yulie on the surface, saying that he was about to surrender, but secretly pulled the cannons that Sun Yuanhua had previously commissioned to Portugal to the city of Laizhou.
After a chaotic bang, Xu Congzhi died heroically for his country.
12
Then, Kong Youde used his old trick again, pretending to withdraw the siege and asked Xie Lian to surrender.
Xie Lian knew that Kong Youde was falsely surrendering, but at this time, Laizhou City had been surrounded by rebels for half a year. For the sake of the people in the city, Xie Lian had no choice but to risk his life and could only go out of the city with the prefect Zhu Wannian .
When the rebels saw Xie Lian and others, they knelt and cried with a sincere attitude, but when they left the artillery range of the defenders on the city, they immediately changed their faces.
They took Zhu Wannian to the city and asked him to call the door and let the defenders inside surrender.
Facing the rebels' ruthless sword, Zhu Wannian was not afraid at all and shouted loudly:
"I am dead, you should stick to it!"
The general in Laizhou City Yang Yufan eyes with tears in his eyes and ordered the rebels to fire!
Zhu Wannian died with the rebels!
news reached Beijing, and public opinion was impatient and resentful.
Liu Yulie was sentenced to prison, and Xiong Mingyu was also dismissed. Since then, no one in the court has proposed to recruit Kong Youde, and they all base themselves on war!
13
Five Years of Chongzhen (1632) In July, the Shandong battlefield finally ushered in a reliable governor Zhu Dadian .
The court also made up its mind to take out the weapon at the bottom of the box - 4,800 Guanning Iron Cavalry .
Zu Dashou younger brother Zu Dabi , family Ding Zukuan, Wu Xiang , Wu Sangui and others were also ordered to rush to Shandong to assist in the boxing. The battle situation has begun to become clear.
The official army first killed Chen Youshi, one of the rebel leaders in Pingdu, and defeated Kong Youde in Shahe.
A few days later, Kong Youde and others were unwilling to fail and made a comeback again. Tens of thousands of rebels were killed by the general Jin Guoqi. The rest fled in all directions, and countless people jumped into the sea to die.
kong Youde had no choice but to withdraw from Laizhou and fled back to Dengzhou.
Interestingly, the military and civilians of Laizhou did not believe that the rebels had really withdrawn the siege, and they thought they were committing surrender again. When the official army approached the city walls of Laizhou, the city fired cannons as usual.
Seeing that they were going to kill each other, it was still eunuch Gao Qi secretly thought of an idea and sent a small intern in the city to explain the causes and consequences, and then resolved the misunderstanding.
The official army surrounded Dengzhou City, and the last moment was finally coming.
14
Zhu Dadian originally wanted to fight this battle as a protracted battle. After all, when Sun Yuanhua built Dengzhou City, he was so dedicated.
But Li Jiucheng despised the official army in his heart and insisted on taking people out of the city to challenge.
This is the best.
After a melee, the rebels were defeated and Li Jiucheng was killed.
Li Jiucheng's death was a major blow to the morale of the rebels.
6 Chongzhen sixth year (1633) In February, Zubroadband seized the female wall outside the water city gate of Dengzhou.
This means that the retreat route from Dengzhou to the sea is at risk of being cut off by the official army at any time.
kong Youde and Geng Zhongming saw that something was wrong, so they stepped up to clean up the gold, silver and fines.
Kong Youde took advantage of the night and ran away in Liaodong with a sea boat loaded with gold and silver treasures;
Then Geng Zhongming also ran away.
In less than three days, the rebel commander basically ran away.
The remaining rebels were even less motivated.
Guerrilla Liu Liangzuo (later one of the four towns in Jiangbei) Seeing this, he sent people to dig tunnels under the city and place explosives, which collapsed the Dengzhou city wall.
official army swarmed in from the collapse and recovered Dengzhou in one fell swoop.
Military Wuqiao has come to an end.
15
This war is huge for the people of Denglai.
However, the victory of this war provided Chongzhen with a new idea. In the following ten years, whenever something happened in the pass, Chongzhen would always mobilize the Guanning army to suppress the rebellion.
and Kong Youde and others defected to the sea and then surrendered to Huang Taiji.
This is really a major benefit for the future gold.
Because their subordinates had learned how to cast cannons with the Portuguese in Dengzhou, the skills of European cannons were passed down to the Later Jin Dynasty. Before
, the source of the Later Jin artillery mainly came from craftsmen in Shenyang City. Not only was the standard too old, but the casting speed was far from keeping up with Huang Taiji's ambitions.
Now Kong Youde has brought new technology, which has rapidly narrowed the iterative gap between the artillery between the two sides on the Liaodong battlefield.
After some polishing, the Later Jin Dynasty established its own artillery unit - Wu Zhenchao.
and the date they entered the Central Plains is getting closer...
