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Preface
When it comes to Chinese diplomacy, everyone will think of a name: Premier Zhou.
Premier Zhou is the first prime minister of the new China and also serves as China's first foreign minister . When he was Minister of Foreign Affairs, he was in the infancy of New China's diplomacy.
Premier Zhou relied on his years of negotiation experience in the revolution and repeatedly defeated the attempts of Western countries to block the diplomatic blockade of the New China.
From 1949 to 1958, under the mediation of Premier Zhou, China has won many great victories on the surging diplomatic front.
Today we will take a look at how Premier Zhou fought for the rights and interests of the country again and again. In the revolutionary era, the negotiation expert, Prime Minister Zhou, as the early leader of the Red Army, participated in the establishment of the Red Army and had a good relationship with all the Red Army generals.
In October 1934, due to the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression, the Red Army began to carry out the Long March of 25,000 miles.
In January 1935, after the Red Army arrived at Zunyi , held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
It was through this meeting that Chairman Mao saw Premier Zhou’s diplomatic talent, so in countless negotiations later, the first person that Chairman Mao thought of was Premier Zhou.
1936 Xi'an Incident broke out, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng seized Chiang Kai-shek . In order to prevent the outbreak of the large-scale civil war, the Party Central Committee tried to win Chiang Kai-shek to stand on the anti-Japanese united front, Premier Zhou led Ye Jianying and others to Xi'an.
arrived at Zhang Xueliang's residence, and Premier Zhou proposed to release Chiang Kai-shek, unite the front and unite against Japan. Zhang Xueliang also agreed with this approach.
Then, Premier Zhou found Soong Mei-ling , demonstrating the central government's attitude towards Chiang Kai-shek.
In order to stabilize China's economic and political situation, Premier Zhou found Song Ziwen and Chiang Kai-shek's brother-in-law Kong Xiangxi . After several negotiations, Song Ziwen and Kong Xiangxi stabilized China's economic situation with their own family strength.
Because Premier Zhou was working hard on multiple sides, the Xi'an Incident was finally resolved peacefully.
After the end of Anti-Japanese War , Chiang Kai-shek began a fake peace talks about real civil war. In order to crush Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou went to Chongqing to negotiate in person.
Chiang Kai-shek believes that Chairman Mao will never take risks, but the Chairman's decision directly caused Chiang Kai-shek's footsteps to be in chaos.
In order to ensure the safety of Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou personally found Dai Li and used the personal relationship between the two in Huangpu period to ask Dai Li to send someone to ensure the safety of the Chairman.
Then Premier Zhou once again used public opinion to make the people of the whole country focus on the chairman, and to use the identity of the US ambassador to make Chiang Kai-shek afraid.
Under pressure from all sides, Chiang Kai-shek ultimately did not take action against the Chairman. But in order to achieve his goal, he hopes that the negotiations will continue endlessly, so that Chairman Mao can be seized in disguise.
In the subsequent negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek only talked about the rest of the information, which clearly meant to delay time. After thinking about it, Premier Zhou came up with a good idea.
When the negotiations on the second day began, Premier Zhou bought a lot of peanuts and melon seeds and distributed them to the people involved in the negotiations.
Seeing Premier Zhou doing this, the US ambassador quickly asked: "Mr. Zhou, we are negotiating, what are you doing?"
When he saw the other party ask, Premier Zhou turned around and said seriously:
"We are negotiating, not building a teahouse. Mr. Ambassador, the negotiation plan we proposed has been for a long time, and it has been a muddy bull."
" Where are you? There is no plan to prepare. Did you invite us from Yan'an just to waste time? "
In the face of Premier Zhou's statement, the US ambassador pressed Chiang Kai-shek, forcing Chiang Kai-shek to focus on peace talks.
Finally, the Double Ten Agreement was signed, and Chairman Mao returned to Yan'an safely.
Although the Double Ten Agreement did not really bring peace to China, this negotiation was the most favorable agreement that the Party Central Committee has won for the people of the whole country, which is indispensable for Premier Zhou's strategy at the negotiating table.
Heaven and earth are overturned, diplomacy breaks the ice
After the founding of New China, the socialist country led by the Soviet Union, socialist country established diplomatic relations with China. New China also faced the first diplomatic test, which was the dispatch of the ambassador.
The foreign minister at that time was served by Premier Zhou. Faced with this situation, he could only choose another personnel.
The selection of personnel is also very particular, and one must be adaptable.
Prime Minister Zhou looked around at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Except for a few who visited the Soviet Union, the remaining personnel had basically no experience in going abroad.
For this reason, Premier Zhou turned his attention to the senior commander of the PLA. He selected more than a dozen of senior officers from the PLA as ambassadors sent to foreign countries by China.
After systematic training, these ambassadors were successively sent to many countries. They were the first generation of diplomats in the New China and the pathfinder on the diplomatic front of the New China.
With their unremitting efforts, the final diplomatic path of New China gradually widened, and China's international image and international influence were gradually increasing.
However, in 1950, North Korea, North Korea War broke out.
With the secret support of the Soviet Union, North Korea advanced rapidly and marched to Busan.
The United States was afraid that after North Korea occupied the Korean Peninsula, it provided the Soviet Union with a military port in the direction of Pacific , so it openly interfered in the Korean Peninsula and formed the United Nations Army to land in Incheon.
The United States' intervention changed the situation on the Korean Peninsula, 1950 On October 8, the North Korean government requested China to send troops to provide assistance.
In order for the new China to have a stable development environment, our country decided to send troops into North Korea, and the war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea was officially launched.
After nearly three years of hard fighting, the volunteer army won the Korean battlefield, maintained peace in Asia and the world, broke the myth of invincible American imperialism, and guaranteed the stable environment of New China.
and with the victory of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea As China's international influence, in 1954, China participated in the Geneva meeting as one of the five major powers for the first time to discuss international issues.
Premier Zhou attended the meeting as the chief representative and delivered a speech.
But just as the meeting was about to end, members of the US delegation came to Premier Zhou and expressed their hope to resolve the problems between India and North Korea peacefully. After saying that, he grabbed Premier Zhou's cuff and shook it twice.
turned out to be in the United States Before the mission boarded the plane, the US government ordered that the members of the U.S. mission were not allowed to shake hands with Chinese attendees.
But Premier Zhou's personal charm impressed the American participants, and the other party could only shake Premier Zhou's arm and express respect.
The subsequent Wanlong meeting was the highlight of Premier Zhou.
1955, the first time in the Asian and African countries and regions did not participate in the colonization of countries, Bandung held a meeting, also known as the Bandung Conference.
held this meeting to facilitate the joint efforts of the surrounding countries and play a greater role in the international community.
However, in order to undermine the progress of the conference, American reporters openly stated that China wants to seize the leadership of Asia, Africa and other countries.
Prime Minister Zhou slowly stood up and said slowly:
"We are here to seek common ground, not to innovate. We respect the territorial sovereignty and integrity of all countries. We want to discuss a plan that is beneficial to all countries."
In this way, Premier Zhou proposed the "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence", which was recognized by all countries. This meeting also greatly improved China's image and status in the hearts of Asia, Africa and other countries.
thoughtful arrangements, China-US diplomatic relations
With the end of the Bandung Conference, China's voice in the international community gradually increased, and the United States' diplomatic blockade against China has basically failed, but they have not Give it.
Just as the volunteers returned home one after another, an American reporter interviewed Premier Zhou at a meeting. When he found that Premier Zhou had an American-made Parker pen on his desk, his eyes lit up.
saw the other party look up at Premier Zhou, and then asked in a sarcastic tone:
"Prime Minister Zhou, you are Chinese, why do you use our American-made fountain pen? "
After hearing this, Premier Zhou picked up the Parker pen on the table and said humorously:
"Oh, this pen is a spoil! A North Korean friend gave it to me. "
" I wanted to refuse, but that friend said it was memorable, so I accepted it. "
As early as when Premier Zhou said the first sentence, the American reporter realized that something was wrong, and his face began to look a little ugly, and he did not say a word of doubt.
Finally, the other party took advantage of the large number of people and quietly hid in the crowd, missing.
There are many diplomatic situations like this, such as Western reporter once asked how much money the Chinese treasury is.
Premier Zhou said bluntly: "18 yuan and 8 cents." "
This happened to be the total face value of the first version of the people of the People in New China.
1971, China also broke through many difficulties and restored its legal seat in the United Nations. The next year, then-US President Nixon announced his visit to China.
learned of the news, Premier Zhou asked diplomats to make sufficient preparations.
After Nixon got off the plane, he had already held Premier Zhou's hand when he was still several steps above the ground.
Nixon said on the spot that this was for the inappropriate politeness of the American personnel failing to shake hands with Premier Zhou at the Geneva meeting. Apologize for performance.
After Nixon met with Chairman Mao, he went to Great Hall of the People to state banquet .
There were no American songs in the state banquet hall of China at that time, so Premier Zhou arranged for the ritual band to perform. The song played was exactly the song Nixon liked the most.
Such thoughtful arrangement made Nixon and his wife thank Premier Zhou repeatedly.
This time, the break of the ice in China and the United States caused a huge response worldwide, and soon Nixon's schedule for returning to China came. Before returning to China, Nixon made a request to Premier Zhou, hoping to climb to the Great Wall of .
html l2 This requirement was originally very easy to achieve, but it was snowing heavily that night, and vehicles would be in danger of walking.So, Premier Zhou mobilized the people of Beijing to clean the snow. The next morning, Nixon saw the road without snow and was very amazed.
Then he and his entourage drove to Badaling , successfully realizing his dream of climbing the Great Wall.
During the Sino-US negotiations, Premier Zhou's thoughtful arrangements made great contributions to the smooth progress of the negotiations.
Conclusion
Nowadays, China's diplomacy is praised by the world. In addition to the strengthening of China's national strength, it is more of China. The unremitting efforts of diplomatic workers.
When Deng Xiaoping visited Japan around 1980, former Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei recalled Premier Zhou to Deng Xiaoping, saying that Premier Zhou was the greatest contribution to the recovery of Sino-Japanese relations.
This is Premier Zhou's diplomatic art, this is the style of China's first generation of commanders on diplomatic fronts.
After his death, he sent the Prime Minister ten miles long streets, and the United Nations also lowered half a flag to commemorate the storm of the new China.
Martyrs have passed away, but the Chinese diplomatic spirit represented by Premier Zhou has been passed down forever and has lasted forever.
