Zhu Yuanzhang , who was born in a poor family, spent half his life to finally turn the Yuan Dynasty into Northern Yuan , driving the Mongol Yuan forces out of the Central Plains, and at the same time recovering the natural barrier in the north that had been lost for hundreds of years, establishing the last unified dynasty founded by the Han people. However, the laws of history cannot be changed. The Ming Dynasty, which had been going on for more than 200 years, finally went to destruction. However, unexpectedly, the Dashun regime, which replaced the Ming Dynasty, quickly declined from prosperity and eventually went to destruction within 42 days after entering the capital.
The Ming Dynasty, which was poor and weak, internal and external troubles, was
Li Zicheng 's Dashun army successfully attacked Beijing City and forced Emperor Chongzhen to hang himself on his own in Coal Mountain because the Ming Dynasty faced too many problems.
At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang was afraid that his descendants would endure the suffering of his childhood, so he formulated a generous royal support system. Unexpectedly, the old Zhu family was too capable. In the 2 years of Wanli, the number of royal family members recorded in the registration exceeded 150,000, and the princes and princes occupied a large amount of land without paying taxes. This reduced the fiscal revenue of and increased the financial burden.
In order to deal with the rising Later Jin regime, the Ming Dynasty also had to increase taxes and support huge military expenditures, and the heavy burden was all on the farmers. More importantly, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the " Little Ice Age " entered the " Little Ice Age ", and the climate turned cold, resulting in constant natural disasters, especially the northwest region, and the government's levy and taxes, farmers who had no way to survive had to embark on the road of uprising. Although the "King of Breaking" Gao Yingxiang was killed in failure, Li Zicheng quickly took the banner.
After launching the slogan "equal land and free taxes. No food", Li Zicheng's uprising army grew rapidly. In 1644, he established the Dashun regime in Xi'an. More than a month later, he broke through Datong, Juyongguan, etc. On March 18, Cao Huachun opened the city gate, and the uprising army successfully attacked Beijing City, and Li Zicheng also ascended the throne of the emperor.
I didn't expect that it only took 42 days from Li Zicheng's attack on Beijing City to retreating. What was wrong he did in the past few dozen days? He quickly lost without firmly seizing the great country.
The first mistake: the bandits' habits have not changed, and the upward and downward are effective
Li Zicheng entered the city of Beijing. Not only did he not immediately appease the people and maintain normal order, but he enjoyed himself first and selected beauty pages in the harem of Emperor Chongzhen . In addition, he did not forget to follow his generals and allocate some palace maids to them. As the top and bottom were effective, generals and ordinary soldiers at all levels of the Dashun Army broke into the residences of hundreds of officials and the homes of the people without authorization, looted their property, and occupied their wives and daughters. For a time, the capital became a hell on earth, and cried loudly.
Due to the atrocities of the Dashun Army, more and more surviving people fled from the capital. In order to prevent these civilians from fleeing, Li Zicheng ordered his subordinates to implement a cruel system of . If one of them fled, the other nine families would be killed together, which caused the people in the capital to complain, and the Dashun Army lost the hearts of the people.
The second measure: oppression Ming Dynasty officials
When Li Zicheng led his troops into the city of Beijing, although a few honest officials sacrificed their loyalty to the country, most officials still regard the current affairs as heroes and are willing to serve the new regime. After all, maintaining the normal operation of social order is inseparable from them.
However, the Dashun Army has always been under the banner of "equal land and exemption of grain", but the food and salary of hundreds of thousands of troops still have a source. Before, relying on looting local vassal kings, but now entering Beijing, it is naturally impossible to collect taxes from ordinary people, so it can only be requested from the Ming officials. So he began to force the money to force the ministers to Liu Zongmin's mansion and torture and extort money.
These ministers who wanted to surrender to Dashun did not receive high officials and were humiliated, and even their families were destroyed. They naturally pushed these people to the opposite side of the Dashun Army. Without the support of these Ming officials, the Dashun Army would not have been able to gain a foothold.
3. Despise the Qing army and wrongly judge the situation outside the pass
In the final analysis, the Dashun army was a farmer who was not trained in a systematic manner. The reason why they successfully attacked Beijing City was due to great luck. On the other hand, the Qing army occupied the Northeast was strong.However, Li Zicheng did not correctly judge the situation outside the pass and did not send troops to defend the Qing army.
even does not pay attention to Wu Sangui , who guards Shanhaiguan. Originally, Wu Sangui had decided to surrender to Li Zicheng after receiving his father's letter. But when he arrived at Yutian, he learned that his father was arrested and his family property was confiscated. His favorite Chen Yuanyuan was also plundered. Wu Sangui was furious and returned to Shanhaiguan and took the initiative to surrender to the Qing army.
. When Wu Sangui rebelled, Li Zicheng only ordered Liu Zongmin to lead 20,000 people to face the enemy, and was not prepared for the Qing army's sneak attack. Such underestimation of the enemy led to being easily defeated by the Qing army. Soon Li Zicheng withdrew from Beijing, and then he retreated all the way and eventually died at the foot of Jiugong Mountain, ending his life.
Summary : Judging from Li Zicheng's origin, he has a similar side to Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. However, after achieving great achievements, he did not examine the situation he faced, did not properly handle his relationship with the officials of the Ming Dynasty, and even indulged the army to invade the people, leaving the Dashun Army quickly at the opposite side of all classes. More importantly, he looked down on the Qing army too much, so that he was defeated under the joint suppression of Wu Sangui and the Qing army, and his life changed from then on.
However, Li Zicheng did not correctly judge the situation outside the pass and did not send troops to defend the Qing army.even does not pay attention to Wu Sangui , who guards Shanhaiguan. Originally, Wu Sangui had decided to surrender to Li Zicheng after receiving his father's letter. But when he arrived at Yutian, he learned that his father was arrested and his family property was confiscated. His favorite Chen Yuanyuan was also plundered. Wu Sangui was furious and returned to Shanhaiguan and took the initiative to surrender to the Qing army.
. When Wu Sangui rebelled, Li Zicheng only ordered Liu Zongmin to lead 20,000 people to face the enemy, and was not prepared for the Qing army's sneak attack. Such underestimation of the enemy led to being easily defeated by the Qing army. Soon Li Zicheng withdrew from Beijing, and then he retreated all the way and eventually died at the foot of Jiugong Mountain, ending his life.
Summary : Judging from Li Zicheng's origin, he has a similar side to Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. However, after achieving great achievements, he did not examine the situation he faced, did not properly handle his relationship with the officials of the Ming Dynasty, and even indulged the army to invade the people, leaving the Dashun Army quickly at the opposite side of all classes. More importantly, he looked down on the Qing army too much, so that he was defeated under the joint suppression of Wu Sangui and the Qing army, and his life changed from then on.
