Episode 4 Talking about the things in the Great Qin Empire (23)
Famous Prime Minister of the Great Qin one by one Shang Yang
Author‖Liang Chao
Shang Yang (about 390 BC-338 BC), a Han nationality, a native of Wei (now Huangliangzhuang Town, Neiyang City, Henan Province).
politicians, thinkers, and famous Legalists representatives. The surname Ji (children of the family of King Ji of Zhou) , the Wei family (a native of Wei, Wei was later destroyed by Wei and merged into Wei) , its full name is Wei Yang , and later performed his duties in Qin and changed his name to Shang Yang.
Because Wei Yang was originally the grandson of the Duke of Wei, he was also called Gongsun Yang .
should Qin Xiaogong seeking wise men to join Qin as an official, and convince Qin Xiaogong to reform and strengthen his strength. After the death of Duke Xiao, he was framed by the old Qin nobles and suspicion of King Huiwen of Qin and was broken into pieces by the car.
Shang Yang was in power in Qin for more than 20 years, assisting the Qin State in great governance, known in history as " Shang Yang's reform ". When he was in power, everything was done according to the law. Qin ruled and prospered, making Qin a state of the six Shandong countries for a long time, laying the foundation for the unification of the Qin Dynasty. However, unfortunately, he died in the name of the law he had formulated.
Shang Yang "loves the study of criminal reputation for his youth" and specializes in governing the country by law. He was greatly influenced by Li Kui, Wu Qi and others when he was young.
After completing his studies, he worked as a retainer in the Prime Minister of Wei, Gongshuzhuo, who was very talented and highly valued.
When Gongshu Zhu was seriously ill, he said to King Hui of Wei: "Gongsun Yang is young and has a genius, so you can use him as a minister."
King Hui of Wei did not allow him, and Zhu said to King Hui, "Since the king does not use Gongsun Yang, he must kill him, and do not let him leave the country."
After Gongshu Zhu died, King Hui of Wei disagreed with Gongshu Zhu's instructions, so he did not think of this matter again.
Later, Gongsun Yang heard that Qin Xiaogong ordered a visit to the wise men in the world and wanted to recruit famous officials to strengthen Qin. So Yang brought the book " Dharma Jing " with Li Kui. He introduced him to Qin Chen Jing Jian through his lover Bai Xue , and took the passport given by Jing Jian to Qin State. Later, through Jing Jian's introduction, Shang Yang met Qin Xiaogong three times and proposed three monarch strategies: imperial way, king way, and domineering.
, but only domineering got the praise of Qin King , and it established the foundation for Qin's later prosperity.
In 359 BC, he was appointed as the chief of Qin Zuo Shuchang (Minister of Justice) . He began to reform and was later promoted to Daliangcai (equivalent to the Premier of the State Council today) .
In 359 BC, when Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong to prepare for reform, the old nobles Ganlong , Du Zhi and others firmly opposed the reform.
They believe that "the benefits are not only a hundred and non-changeable methods, but not ten or ten means."
"The law has never been wrong in ancient times, and it is not evil in accordance with etiquette."
, and Shang Yang pointed out in a tit-for-tat way: "The previous life has different teachings, what ancient methods are? The emperors and kings do not return to each other, so the country is not ruled by ancient times, so Tang and Wu did not follow etiquette and the king was destroyed, and Xia and Yin did not change etiquette and died. Those who opposed the ancient times were not wrong, but there were not many people following etiquette."
thus advocated "legislation at that time, and rituals were made according to the matter" ( "Book of Shang Jun·Revised Fa Chapter" " Records of the Grand Historian·Biography of Shang Jun " ). This is to refute the retro propositions of the old nobles' so-called "familiarity" and "following the rituals" based on the ideas of historical development and evolution, and also to prepare culturally and publicly for the Qin State to implement reforms.
4 Zhou Xianwang thirteenth year ( 356 BC ) and 19th year ( 350 BC 350 BC tillage and combat), Qin State implemented reforms twice, with the content of the reforms being "abandoned well fields, opened fields, implemented the county system , rewarding farming, weaving and fighting, and implementing the method of joint seating."
and clearly put forward the law that "nobles and royal families violate the law and the people in the same crime."
The prince Ying Si violated the law. Shang Yang said, "If the law does not work, I will violate it from the top."
followed the execution of his grand tutor Gongzi Qian ( Guardian of the prince, and also the brother of Qin Xiaogong, ) and his teacher Gongsun Jia .
According to the play "The Great Qin Empire": In the 16th year of Qin Xiaogong ( 346 BC ), the prince Yingsi killed the tenant farmer in his fief and committed the Qin law . Shang Yang imposed a punishment for his guardian Yingsi's uncle Yingdu according to the law ( This action also laid a hidden danger for Shang Yang to be punished by the punishment of being cracked by the car in the future ).
Over time, the Qin nobles were shocked and the Qin people were very happy, and Qin was in peace.
Doors do not close their doors, roads do not pick up relics, there are no thieves in the mountains, and there is no black force in the Qin State. The Qin State is full of strong spirit.
In 340 BC, Shang Yang led the Qin army to defeat General Yin, the prince of Wei, and forced the Wei State to cut off the land west of the Yellow River and Qin, and the Wei people were forced to move to the Daliang area ( today northwest of Kaifeng, Henan Province).
At this time, King Hui of Wei said angrily: "I wish I had never used Gongshuzhu's words," and regretted it all the time.
Shang Yang was also granted the title of 15 towns of Shang by Duke Xiao of Qin ( Today, the Shangzhou area of Shaanxi Province ).
However, the method of Shangjun is too mean and polite, especially the method of continuation and strict laws have been formulated, which have added corporal punishment and great detention, including the punishment of chiseling the roof, pulling the ribs, and raising the cooking.
, especially after the implementation of the military merit-giving system, the traditional aristocracy was deprived of the inheritance and special rights of the traditional aristocracy, and many of the Qin aristocracies had complained.
At that time, a Qin Duke Zhao Liang once advised Shang Jun not to accumulate too much grudges, and to "return to the fifteenth capital, and to be despised by the garden", "not greedy for Shang, wealth, and not favor the teachings of Qin", but Shang Yang just refused to listen and still did his own way.
From then on, Qin Guang has established rivals, and the opponents have become more and more.
In 338 BC, Qin Xiaogong died, and King Huiwen of Qin Zhao Si ( "The Great Qin Empire" drama also known as Ying Si ) ascended the throne. The eldest prince Qian sued Shang Yang for rebellion and fled to Shangzhou. He wanted to stay in the guest house that night, but he did not bring his ID and letters. The store owner was afraid of "sitting together" and did not dare to let him stay overnight. He naturally "killed himself" and had no choice but to leave overnight, with people trapped and horses sank the fields. After
, he wanted to flee to his mother country, Wei State, but the Wei people detained the seal of Prince Wei because Shang Yang had betrayed his faith and deceived him, and captured Wei Shuai, and forced Wei to cut off the land of Hexi to Qin, but were unwilling to take it in.
In desperation, Shang Yang returned to his fief Shangyi, and later sent troops to attack Zhengguo ( today Huayin, Shaanxi and Sanmenxia, Henan and other places ). When he was not allowed, he encountered Qin's troops sending troops to attack, so he killed Yang in Zhengguotong land ( now Huayin City, Shaanxi Province ). After his death, the body was transported back to Xianyang by King Hui of Qin, and publicly imposed the punishment of "car splitting". Later, the entire Shangjun clan was destroyed ( According to historical records, ).
