text/Hao Zaiji
1938, Dong Biwu, Ye Jianying and others took a photo when they met with the US Navy intelligence officer Carlson . From the left in the front row: Wang Anna, Carlson, Ye Jianying, Zhou Libo ; from the left in the back row: Dong Biwu, Kaifeng , Li Kenong
Oriental spies - the purpose of the adjustment is to win strategic initiatives
The national loyalty and kindness emerged from the traitor camp
Anti-Japanese war forced China to get involved in the World War , and the CCP's security struggle inevitably moved from domestic to international.
's struggle against Japan is the top priority. When the Central Investigation and Research Bureau was established, it had four branches in various strategic areas across the country. Jinchaji Border Region ranked first. The main task of the first branch was to investigate the situation in Japan.
North China region is the front line of China's war against Japan. Japan invaded Northeast China in 1931 and advanced into North China in 1937. Japan regards the Northeast as the rear of its strategic invasion of China, supports a "Manchukuo" and sets up a "national defense line" along the Great Wall . Chinese people need to enter and exit this line with a "passport"!
The Communist Party of China had an underground organization in the Northeast of Manchuria Provincial Committee. After the September 18th Incident, it organized the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces . In early 1933, the temporary central government moved from Shanghai to the Central Soviet Area, and its contact with the Northeast organization could only be transferred through Moscow . In 1938, when Wang Ming and Kang Sheng, the CCP’s delegation to the Communist International, returned to China, the contact between the Northeast underground organizations and the central government was completely interrupted.
Yan'an attaches great importance to Northeast work and set up a Northeast Work Committee, and specially sent former Anti-Japanese Federation cadre Zhong Ziyun to the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region to try to open up secret transportation with the Northeast. Unfortunately, some of the five people sent by Zhong Ziyun could not find the underground relationship, some were betrayed by traitors, and some even became traitors. Japan implemented strict fascist management in the Northeast, established a strict household registration system in cities and towns, and outsiders must register, rural areas must be returned to villages and villages to eliminate the mass base of the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces.
So, "Manchukuo" has become an ironclad piece, and the "national defense line" seems to be unable to break through.
"National Defense Line" can ban traffic, but cannot stop thinking. In order to cultivate pro-Japanese factions, the Japanese authorities encouraged Northeast youth to study in Japan, and the ministers of the "Manchukuo" even regarded their children's staying in Japan as a fashionable move.
Unexpectedly, the undercurrent of Marxism is surging in the Japanese mainland. Hou Luo, a child of a commoner, took the lead in organizing a social science reading club, and secretly Communist Party members organized Ding Yi, Chen Zhuoyi and others to form an anti-imperialist alliance. These two patriotic and progressive groups merged in 1938 to establish the Northeast Students' National Rescue Association.
After the main backbone of this organization returned to China in 1940, he immediately tried to find the Communist Party of China and finally found Nan Hanchen through He Songting. The Ministry of Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed the Northeast Intelligence Group to invade the enemy's deep ambush. The main task is to obtain strategic intelligence and not have horizontal contact with local organizations.
The Northeast Intelligence Group of the Communist Party of China has been lurking for a long time and acted cautiously. The Kuomintang's secret organization in the Northeast was destroyed by Japanese secret agencies, and more than 500 people were arrested, while only two Chinese Communist Party intelligence officers were implicated, and the entire organization was retained. This secret intelligence network has grown to more than 70 people, centered on Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin, and is distributed in more than a dozen areas in the northeast.
Most of the members of this intelligence group are children of high-ranking officials of the "Manchukuo", including the son of the "Prime Minister" Zhang Mengshi, the son of the "Minister of the Local Autonomy Guidance Department", Tong Zhibin, the son of the Director of the Guards of Puyi, the younger brother of the Director of Kawashima Yoshiko, the son of the Director of Military Law, Wang Cheng, the nephew Wang Qian, and the son of the commander of the brigade of the Harbin Military Control Region. National justice is better than high officials and generous salaries. With family relations, these second-generation officials successfully entered the military and political departments and obtained a lot of important information.
The deployment of the Japanese Kwantung Army in the Northeast, the anti-war thoughts of the Japanese in the Northeast, the strength of the "Manchukuo" army, navy and air force, the map of port and airport fortresses, industrial target map, economic conditions in the Northeast, and the situation of Japanese and puppet counter-espionage in the Northeast... all Japan's strategic secrets in the Northeast were sent to Yan'an.In the late period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Soviet army annihilated the Kwantung Army; in the War of Liberation, the Communist Party seized the Northeast and launched the Liaoshen Campaign, which all had important contributions from this intelligence group.
The nation’s loyalty and kindness emerged from the traitor camp! Mao Zedong said excitedly: "'Manchukuo' is not a solid piece, the 'national defense line' can be broken through!"
This is also the result of policy adjustments. The CCP not only does not regard the centrists as enemies, but also "pulls them out" from the enemy's camps!
There is a Japanese group in the CCP’s intelligence organization
espionage work is nothing more than "pull out" and "pull out". Whether it is "pull out" or "pull out", the most difficult thing to deal with is the enemy's spy agencies - they are also "pull out" and "pull out" you!
Pan Hannian personally went to the enemy's rear for reconnaissance, and the main areas of activity were Hong Kong and Shanghai. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promoted Pan Hannian to serve as deputy minister of the Central Social Affairs Department, specializing in intelligence work on the Japanese and puppets. Central intelligence leaders like Pan Hannian have been going to the front line for a long time, and are probably unique in the international intelligence community.
Pan Hannian sent female Communist Party member to , and the camera instigated Li Shiqun , and entered the secret agency of Wang Jingwei . However, Japanese spies did not fully trust traitors, and the most confidential information was always in the hands of the Japanese.
Pan Hannian turned his attention to the Japanese intelligence agencies again. Through Yuan Shu , he has a relationship with the head of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs' secret service in Shanghai, Iwai Eiichi . A magazine called "Twentieth Century" was founded. The fake information compiled by Pan Hannian was continuously sent to Iwai Mansion , and the funds from Japanese intelligence agencies were continuously sent to the South China Intelligence Department of the Communist Party of China. Through Iwai's relationship, Pan Hannian learned that the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs decided to negotiate with the Soviet Union to sign a non-aggression treaty.
Japan attaches great importance to intelligence work with China. In 1901, it founded the Shanghai East Asia Tongwen Academy in China to train bilingual spies on the spot. In 1925, the Communist Party of China established a party branch in this school to train revolutionary soldiers on the spot. In 1929, Communist Party members Wang Xuewen took advantage of the teaching opportunity to develop a group of Communist Youth League members among the Japanese students of the Tongwen Academy. Anzhai Kuji, Naka-Xiko, Siri Ryuo, Hirotsuka Oshima, Shirai Yuyu and others established the "Japanese branch struggle alliance", with twenty or thirty members.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, these Japanese students who were proficient in Chinese entered the high-level core of the Japanese secret service agency in China. Shirai Yuki was at the North China Expeditionary Army Headquarters, Hirotsuka Oshima contacted the military officers' office of the Japanese Embassy in China, Ryuo Siri served as the reporting director of the Central China Expeditionary Army Headquarters, and , Naka-Western Commendation served in the Shanghai Office of the Manchurian Railway and the Central China Expeditionary Army Secret Service. The Chinese and Western Kung not only contacted more than a dozen Japanese in China, but also secretly contacted the Japanese Prime Minister's adviser Hidemi Ozaki.
For these "tiger children", there are no more secrets in the tiger's den. The Japanese army's establishment in China, the Japanese army's "sweeping" combat plan, and even the records of the Japanese imperial meeting were continuously reported to Yan'an. Mao Zedong could often see information from "Japanese important members".
There is actually a Japanese group in the CCP’s intelligence organization!
Not only dare to use it, but also know how to use it. This shows that the CCP’s security system already has the ability to operate across countries.
The highest level of security work is to defeat the enemy before
to adjust it in place, and it soon faces a huge test.
Germany and Japan are allies. Germany invaded the Soviet Union, and Japan must cooperate. Japan's strategic trends immediately became the focus of attention of the world's intelligence community.
is very dangerous to move north! Stalin urgently consulted with General Secretary of the Communist International Executive Committee Dimitrov and asked the Communist Party of all countries to arm the defense of the Soviet Union. Moscow asked Yan'an to send the Eighth Route Army to march into the Northeast to contain the Japanese Kwantung Army.
Eighth Route Army heads north? The Japanese army had just launched a May Day "mopping up" and the Eighth Route Army base suffered heavy losses. Now we are heading north to attack the Kwantung Army's ten-year-old fortification area? Zhu De believed that this was a tough expedition and a big taboo for military strategists. Wang Ming immediately accused that aiding the Soviet Union was an international obligation that the CCP must abide by!
What should Mao Zedong do in this case? Mao Zedong believed that the Eighth Route Army should not take any action. Japan and Chiang had a tacit understanding, and the Japanese army advanced north, and Chiang Kai-shek forced the Eighth Route Army to go north to Yellow River and the New Fourth Army to go north to Yangtze River. The CCP cannot fall into the trap of this "Three Norths Policy", but how can it convince Stalin? Mao Zedong ordered the front headquarters of the Eighth Route Army to interfere with the Japanese army through road breaking operations, and at the same time asked the intelligence department to quickly investigate the movements of the Japanese army.
The situation is not waiting for anyone! On September 3, 1941, the German army besieged Moscow, and the Soviet Ministry of Defense strongly demanded that the Eighth Route Army send troops to South Manchuria. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Central Intelligence Department, and decided on four intelligence policies in a row. It called the South China Intelligence Department twice, requiring the intelligence system led by Pan Hannian to provide strategic intelligence!
On September 6, the Japanese imperial conference formulated the "Key Points for Implementing the Imperial National Policy", and the military expressed its willingness to fight against the United States .
Japan had a clear direction for the first time and was immediately obtained by the CCP. There was no official record of this meeting of the emperor, but Ozaki Hidemi still got the news.
But Moscow is still worried! On October 6, the German army attacked Moscow, and on October 7, Dimitrov asked Mao Zedong: What practical actions are the CCP preparing to take to aid the socialist Soviet Union? Wang Ming criticized Mao Zedong's policies for being too left-minded and self-isolated! On October 10, Pan Hannian reported that there were signs of breaking down between Japan and the United States and Japan was about to start war in Pacific !
The crisis that Yan'an faces at this moment is far more severe than that of Jinggangshan . Mao Zedong's security vision at this moment also surpassed China's big and small hills. Mao Zedong read the "Enemy Information Notice" of the Central Intelligence Department to judge the impact of international trends on China.
On October 18, Japan's political situation changed, the Konoe Cabinet resigned, and the Tojo Cabinet took office. The military officials formed a cabinet, which can be called a war cabinet, and the Army Minister who advocated advancing north was the prime minister! Stalin announced that martial law will be imposed on October 20.
Both international and domestic judged that Japan was advancing north, but Mao Zedong made the opposite judgment.
Mao Zedong called Chongqing on October 18 to ask Zhou Enlai for his views on Japan's political situation. On October 20, Yan'an held a Politburo meeting. Mao Zedong said that Moscow is in crisis now, and the Kuomintang is affirming its advance north, so we don’t have to agree with it. The key is that in the next one or two weeks, the possibility of moving south is greater. At the same time, Pan Hannian was urgently sent to verify the date of southward movement.
On October 18, Zorg was arrested in Tokyo, and the Soviet Union's intelligence channels were interrupted. On October 29, the " Military Control Commission " Shanghai station was destroyed, and Chiang Kai-shek's intelligence channels were also cut off.
Mao Zedong, however, has made progress through multiple channels and a steady stream of strategic intelligence. The Second Bureau of the Military Commission set up a high-power radio station in northern Shaanxi to listen to transnational telecommunications at all times; the intelligence system led by Pan Hannian installs nails in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Tokyo, and detects Japanese trends at any time; Zhou Enlai infiltrated the Kuomintang secret service in Chongqing, and Yan Baohang got Japanese password intelligence. Japanese intelligence agent Nakamoto Xi Jinping risked his arrest and sneaked back to Japan to reconnaissance the base camp on the spot.
not only has multiple channels, but also has a full category. The Japanese intelligence obtained by Mao Zedong was comprehensive and in-depth from economic to political to military. Strategic trends are the trajectory of a huge state machine, and no one can do whatever they want. Even if the army wants to advance north, can we get strategic materials if we advance north? Rubber and oil are both in Southeast Asia, and you have to go south if you don’t want to go south. The fuel figures of the Japanese Navy show that the Japanese army not only need to go south, but also urgently!
The cunning Japan also needs to engage in strategic deception. By November, Japan is still releasing information that it will not move south. The Japanese envoy came to Qi to negotiate with the United States. The envoy had a personal relationship with Roosevelt . The Kwantung Army conducted a special exercise, showing the possibility of advancing north.
November 7, October Revolution Festival , Stalin Red Square military parade, Moscow entered the decisive battle.
On the same day, Mao Zedong delivered a radio speech: "The United States should never believe in Japan's conspiracy and enter into any compromise with Japan. The United States should work with China and the United Kingdom to sanction Japanese fascism with its strength.Although the Japanese fascists were preparing to advance south and north at the same time, no matter which adventure they took, it was inevitable to advance westward to eliminate China. "
On the same day, Sino-Western Commendation reviewed the Manchurian Railway on November 6. "Reference" of the Manchurian Railway: Ambassadors came to the United States today, and the negotiations were on November 30. The intelligence system led by Pan Hannian determined: Japan will start war in the Pacific on December 7!
Chinese and Japanese intelligence officers joined forces to reconnaise, and the Eastern spies were ahead in the international intelligence competition.
Mao Zedong informed Stalin of the clear strategic judgment, and Stalin quickly transferred the 200,000 troops defending the Japanese army on the eastern front to Moscow on the western front.
Both the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang transferred the intelligence of Japan's southward advance to the United States, but unfortunately the United States did not accept it.
On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in the United States, and the Pacific War broke out.
The development of the situation confirmed Mao Zedong's strategic judgment. What is this judgment good for China? The Japanese army advanced southward forcing the United States and Britain to join the war, and the international anti-fascist united front was formed, and international pressure made Chiang Kai-shek dare not engage in friction at home, and the situation at the Chinese Communist Party at home and abroad greatly improved. Mao Zedong made a quick decision: accumulate strength, restore vitality, consolidate internally, develop enemy-occupied areas work, and wait for the enemy to lose.
has correct strategic decisions and can take the initiative step by step. In this shocking year in 1941, the CCP was able to stand firm and its status continued to rise, becoming a national party.
security work must of course prevent sudden attacks, and of course it must have the ability to deal with emergencies . However, this prevention and response is a passive state after all. The highest realm of security work It is to defeat the enemy first, to reconnaissance intelligence first, to deploy actions first, to win strategic opportunities!
Why can the CCP’s security work strengthen? This is closely related to the major adjustment of the security system.
1941 One year, one Southern Anhui Incident suffered a great loss, two major adjustments to the central security agency, and three major victory in international strategic intelligence. The CCP’s security work moved forward in the stormy waves and stepped into the world’s leading ranks.
It should be noted that in early 1941, the intelligence departments of the United States and the Soviet Union were all placed in the army, navy and air force, and lacked the top-level comprehensive departments at the central level. After suffering a great loss, the United States and the Soviet Union began to adjust the security system. The Soviet Union’s Ministry of National Security was established in 1946, and the United States’ Central Intelligence Bureau was established in 1947.
From 1941 to 1949, the CCP’s security system was in the best operating state, effectively ensuring the victory of the two wars of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation. The CCP, which is about to rule, has begun a new security system adjustment, transforming the party form into a form of regime...
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Editor: Jiang Rongbing
Editor: Zheng Guowei
Production: Wang Yu
This article is original "Party History Expo"
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