Chemotherapy is the use of chemotherapy to treat tumors, which is a systemic treatment. The modes of administration include injection, oral administration, and intracavity administration. Because chemotherapy drugs can damage some normal human cells, they can cause various adverse reactions. The most common ones are digestive system reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, and hematopoietic reactions, such as decreased blood picture.
So, how to provide nutritional support to patients during chemotherapy to prevent or alleviate the occurrence of adverse reactions?
Nutrition principle-interval therapy
chemotherapy In those few days, the chemotherapy reaction was severe, and the diet should be based on hydration. Edible semi-liquid, liquid, formula foods for special medical purposes (enteral nutrition), etc., as well as light, easily digestible foods. The daily fluid volume should be increased by more than 50% compared to the original, reaching 2000-3000 ml. Water helps to promote the metabolism and excretion of chemotherapy drugs in the body and reduce toxicity. Moisturizing measures include drinking plenty of water, drinking soup, porridge, weak tea, vegetable juice, fruit juice, etc.
During the chemotherapy interval, the chemotherapy response is gradually reduced, and the "three highs" are gradually given, that is, high-calorie (increased by 20%), high-protein (increased by 50%), and high-vitamin (increased by 50%) diet to maintain normal weight Level, is conducive to the body's repair after chemotherapy damage; increase the number of meals, the food intake gradually increases, and the appetite and digestive function are coordinated. When food intake is insufficient, digestible special medical-purpose formula foods (enteral nutrition) can be supplemented between meals.
Specifically, the daily food intake should be increased, the food structure should be scientific and reasonable, the nutrition should be balanced, and the diet should be diversified. The following is divided into three categories to introduce the "three highs".
The first category: meat, fish, eggs, milk, soybeans and products, nuts
This type of food is rich in high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, and can also increase calories. For example, adding two or two grass carp, a cup of milk, and one egg a day can increase about 30 grams of protein and 300 kcal of calories.
This type of food includes livestock, such as lean meat and internal organs (liver, belly, intestine, heart, etc.) of pigs, cattle, sheep, and rabbits;
poultry, such as chicken, duck, pigeon, quail, etc. Internal organs;
Aquatic products include all kinds of fish (freshwater, seawater), shrimp, shellfish, turtles, water fish, fresh rivers, seafood, etc.;
Eggs include eggs, duck eggs, quail eggs and products; milk There are pure milk, yogurt, milk powder, etc.;
Soybeans and products: soybeans include soybeans, black soybeans, green soybeans, dried and fresh green soybeans, and soybean products include tofu, soy milk, fragrant dried, vegetarian chicken, and fennel Soy products are easier to digest and absorb by the body than soybeans (note that Japanese tofu is not a soy product, but an egg product).
Try to use fresh raw materials as much as possible. The recommended daily amount is: 100 grams to 200 grams of meat and fish eggs (2 to 4 taels), 300 grams of milk, 40 grams of soybeans or their products.
The second category: cereals (rice, noodles, miscellaneous grains), potatoes, miscellaneous beans and other grains
This kind of food is rich in carbohydrates, which can provide calories and B vitamins, and is part of our diet The main source of heat.
Cereals include rice, flour products, corn, black rice, barley, oats, etc.; potatoes such as sweet potatoes, taro, yam, lotus root, etc.; miscellaneous beans such as mung beans, red beans, kidney beans, etc.
It is recommended that more than 2 taels per day. For example, adding 100 grams (2 taels) of such foods daily can increase 360 kcal calories (not for obese people).
The third category: fresh vegetables and fruits
can provide vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and phytochemicals, which have a protective effect on the body. According to statistics, eating more fresh vegetables and fruits can prevent cancer.
There are too many varieties of this kind of food. According to the "Chinese Residents Dietary Guidelines" formulated by the Chinese Nutrition Society, it is recommended to provide vegetables 1 catty to 1.5 catties per day, 5 varieties per day, and fruits half catty to 1 catty , Note that vegetables and fruits are not interchangeable, and you cannot just eat fruits without vegetables.
Generally speaking, redVegetables and fruits with darker colors such as green, green and yellow are rich in nutrients and contain more phytochemicals that can inhibit tumors. Therefore, darker vegetables and fruits should be selected.
Bacteria and algae such as various mushrooms, cloud fungus, white fungus, kelp, seaweed, etc. These foods contain some polysaccharide chemicals, such as lentinan, tremella polysaccharide, etc., which have proven anti-cancer effects. Daily) eat, and fresh is better than dried.
The above three types of food are best included in the three-meal recipe. Therefore, if the appetite is still good and the digestive function is normal, increasing the intake of the above three types of food in an appropriate amount can help you achieve the "three highs"-high protein, high calories, and high vitamins. However, it should be noted that high-protein, high-calorie foods should not be eaten too much for a long time, so as not to cause obesity, indigestion, and increase the burden on liver and kidney.
Nutrition principle 2 Different periods, different nutrition plan
Nutrition preparation before chemotherapy
Started 1 to 2 weeks before chemotherapy, can eat and have normal digestion , According to the above principles for active nutritional support;
Insufficient eating, poor digestive function, or already malnourished, according to the condition of oral or tube feeding total nutritional enteral nutrition (special medical purpose formula food) ;
Those who are inadequate or unable to enteral nutrition should be given parenteral nutrition support (nutrition injection) containing amino acids, fat milk, glucose, vitamins, electrolytes, and trace elements for about a week.
When chemotherapy is in progress
On the day of chemotherapy medication, breakfast is advanced, dinner is delayed, and the reaction time is extended to avoid or reduce the occurrence of nausea, vomiting and other digestive tract reactions. In addition, the breakfast of chemotherapy patients should be light, half of the usual amount, intravenous chemotherapy 3 to 4 hours later, can effectively reduce the symptoms of vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
During chemotherapy, hydrate or drink a lot to reduce the drug's irritation to the gastrointestinal mucosa and facilitate the excretion of toxins.
During chemotherapy, you usually have nausea and vomiting. It is advisable to eat a lighter diet. You can eat more semi-liquid foods such as porridge (such as barley porridge, ginger porridge, tangerine peel porridge, mung bean porridge, minced meat porridge). , Fish porridge, etc.), noodles, rice noodles, soy milk, thin intestinal nutrients, vegetables and fruits and light soups, fruit and vegetable juice drinks and other foods with sufficient moisture. Avoid greasy and fat foods such as big fish, big meat, chicken, duck and other indigestible foods. The content, quantity, meal frequency and time of the diet should also be adjusted according to the patient's appetite and chemotherapy response. If the appetite is good and the reaction is light, you can eat more.
The diet should be small and multi-meal. Drinking water should be separated from meals. Small amounts should be used for several times. The eating speed should not be too fast. The temperature should be moderate and not hot or cold.
Chemotherapy gap period
gap period, the response has passed, nutrition should be strengthened, and nutrition-rich, high-protein, high-calorie, high-vitamin diet should be given to promote the recovery of the body.
Pay attention to eating gradually, starting with light and small amounts, and gradually transitioning from semi-liquid such as porridge, noodles, steamed eggs to general food. Food processing methods are mainly stewed, boiled, steamed, etc., which are easy to digest. If necessary, make a homogenized diet, and use less fried and barbecued foods. Increase meals and pay attention to water supplement.
People with altered sense of taste and smell should avoid contact with unpleasant odors and food except for cooking methods and the use of condiments.
Sometimes, patients who try to make some food by themselves may have a great appetite and appetite. You might as well give it a try. You can also try a small amount of appetizers such as capers, kimchi, fermented bean curd, and less spicy fresh chopped peppers.
You can also use more drugs that invigorate the spleen and stomach and aid digestion, such as multi-enzyme tablets, pancreatin tablets, Xiangqu, Baohe pills, yeast tablets, etc., together with medicated diets such as yam, barley, astragalus, codonopsis, haw malt Drink (10 grams of hawthorn, 10 grams of fried malt, a few slices of licorice, soak in boiling water) and so on.
For those who do not eat enough, special attention should be paid to giving high-nutrient density and easy-to-digest foods, as well as enteral and parenteral nutrition support (see above).
Appropriate supplementation of probiotics may improve the intestinal environment, which is beneficial to intestinal repair and functional recovery.
When "white blood cell decline", except for drugsTreatment can also cooperate with dietary measures.
One-day recipe example
Breakfast: barley and red bean porridge, tomato scrambled eggs, bread
Extra meal: soy milk, fruit
Chinese food: lean meat porridge, yogurt
Additional meal: red dates lily soup, fruit (juice)
Dinner: coriander wonton, fresh mushroom and pig blood
Additional meal: 50g total nutrients + 10g whey protein powder to make 200ml
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