If you want to understand the health and medical questions, you can ask them any questions! My mother did a radical breast improvement surgery on April 21, and the pathological results on May 11, I would like to ask: What does pathological staging pT1cN2Mx mean? This string of ch

FROM Jiamu

Maijie!

My mother had a radical breast improvement surgery on April 21, and the pathological results of the report on May 11, I would like to ask: What does pathological staging pT1cN2Mx mean? Is it late?

TO Jiamu , hello!

This string of character-like terms is the "code" between doctors. They are like Morse codes, each letter and number has meaning after it. If you find the password book, the code code will be unlocked in one go.

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Here only talks about cancer staging, a pathological report like "Heavenly Book". You will basically know the following two articles.

portal:

TNM stage [1]

All tissues cut after surgery need to undergo pathological testing. Taking breast cancer as an example, you can get a routine paraffin pathology report in one week ( is the most reliable ).

This pathological report includes the pathological type, scope of invasion, metastasis, tumor size, histological grading, hormone receptor status, gene status, etc. of breast cancer. This information is the gold standard for diagnosing cancer, which determines the direction of subsequent treatment and judges the prognosis of patients, and is related to life. Therefore, pathologist is also called "the doctor of ".

patients can understand this report and understand their disease situation intuitively.

Resource source[1]

As shown in the picture above, there are a lot of alphanumeric numbers, and I feel dizzy, but it is not difficult.

Your mother's installment: pT1cN2Mx, which corresponds to the picture above. Do you think it is very similar? Let's look at it layer by layer. The first layer of on the table on

is the staged of cancer. Periods 1 to 4 are represented by Roman numerals Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ respectively. The later the staging, the worse the prognosis of . Among them, there are two sub-installations in the second phase: 2A and 2B, while the sub-installations in the third phase are 3A, 3B and 3C, which is the more serious the further it goes.

The second layer of T, N, and M letters represent different tumor evaluation indicators . The larger the number followed by these 3 letters, the more serious the condition is. For example, T4 is worse than T1, and N3 is worse than N1.

Cancer is divided into four stages, which is determined through the TNM staging method.
T: Tumor size
N: Lymph node metastasis
M: Is there any metastasis in distant organs

First look at the corresponding tumor size of T.

T1 Maximum diameter of tumor ≤2cm;

T1mi Microinvasive carcinoma, maximum tumor diameter≤0.1cm;

T1a Maximum diameter of tumor ≤0.1-0.5cm;

T1b Maximum diameter of tumor ≤0.5-1cm;

T1c Maximum diameter of tumor ≤1-2cm

T2 The maximum tumor diameter is 2-5cm;

T3 The maximum tumor diameter is >5cm;

T4 Any tumor size only invades the chest wall or skin (forms ulcers or satellite nodules).

Let’s look at the lymph node metastasis.

N0 : There is no evidence of regional lymph node metastasis or only an isolated tumor cell population;

N1: 1-3 axillary lymph node metastasis, at least one metastasis foci >2mm;

N2: 4-9 axillary lymph node metastasis; or breast medial lymph node metastasis without axillary lymph node metastasis;

N3: 10 or more axillary lymph node metastasis on the affected side; or subclavian lymph node metastasis; or medial lymph node metastasis on the affected side with more than one axillary lymph node metastasis; or more than three axillary lymph node metastasis with no clinical manifestations in microscopic internal breast lymph node metastasis; or supraclavian lymph node metastasis;

NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be evaluated (previously resection or not);

Finally, the distant metastasis is seen:

M0: No clinical or imaging evidence. It means that is transferred from no distance to .

M1: There are signs of metastasis in clinical practice, and histology confirmed that the metastasis is greater than 0.2mm.

Mx: Distant transfer cannot be evaluated

Now let’s look at your mother’s installment [2-4]: pT1cN2Mx, how do you understand it?

p represents "pathological staging" (the first letter of pathology- pathology , generally postoperative staging ), T1c represents substaging in T1, with the maximum tumor diameter ≤1-2cm; N2 represents 4-9 axillary lymph node metastasis on the affected side, or medial lymph node metastasis on the affected side without axillary lymph node metastasis; Mx means that it is impossible to determine whether there is distant metastasis.

Let’s look at the corresponding table above and we can see that breast cancer T1N2Mx belongs to stage , and breast cancer stage Ⅲ can be considered as middle and late stage.

or above is for reference only. The specific staging situation shall be subject to the opinions of the attending doctor.

hope this information will be helpful to you.

I wish you healthy maize