Every year, we undergo a physical examination and when we see the extra "polyps" on the report, we become very anxious. What are the small things that grow in the body, which are pre-cancer signs, which are benign changes, and which require surgery?
Today, we use an article to explain the things related to the "polyps" in the body at once.
polyp, in short, is the excess growth of the human cavity organs. In other words, on the smooth and tidy tissue, there was a piece of meat that didn't grow well and protruded [1].
is named according to the length and location, for example, in the nasal cavity, gastrointestinal cavity, gallbladder , uterine , bladder , urethral , vocal cords, etc., they are called nasal polyps, gastric polyps , intestinal polyps , gallbladder polyps , uterine polyps, etc.
(nose polyps)
When you grow polyps, especially when the polyps are small, they are very hidden, and basically don’t feel anything. Most people only find out when treating other diseases in related areas or undergoing physical examinations.
gastric polyps: Generally, there is no feeling. Most people only find out when checking for other problems in the stomach, such as gastritis, and doing gastroscopy . Occasionally, some people will experience pain, black stool, nausea, and vomiting [2,3,4].
Intestinal polyps: Generally, there is no discomfort. Some people do colonoscopy when enteritis occurs. By the way, if polyps grow, a small number may have diarrhea and changes in the shape of the stool [5,6].
(Intestinal polyps)
Nasal polyps : When the polyps are small, they will not feel it. When they grow up, they will block the respiratory tract, and there will be nasal congestion, impaired breathing, loss of smell, or repeated rhinitis [7,8].
uterine polyps: Some do not show up, but some will cause irregular menstruation , bleeding during the menstrual interval, too much menstrual volume, vaginal bleeding after menopause , and inability to get pregnant [9-11].
vocal cord polyps: Most of them will cause hoarseness, and in severe cases it will also cause difficulty in breathing. Therefore, it is also a kind of polyp that is relatively easy to find [12].
gallbladder polyps: There is often no discomfort in the early stage. Most gallbladder polyps are found during physical examination of B ultrasound . Some people found that they also had a polyp during gallbladder surgery. A very small number of people will have no specific conditions such as pain, nausea, vomiting, etc. [13, 14].
So, the polyps came quietly, many people didn’t know, it felt uncomfortable, it was too late!
gastric polyps: people suffering from chronic gastritis; Helicobacter pylori infection (HP); familial adenomatous polyposis; or people who often take certain stomach medicines, such as proton pump inhibitors [2,3,4].
Intestinal polyps: people over 50 years old; people with inflammatory bowel disease, html type 12 diabetes ; people at home have this disease; people with smoking, drinking habits or obesity [5,6].
nasal polyps: people with asthma /allergic fungal sinusitis; sensitive to aspirin; vitamin D deficiency; people with a home with a nasal polyps [7,8].
uterine polyps: perimenopause or postmenopausal; hypertension ; obese people [9-11].
(uterine polyps)
Vocal cord polyps: People who need to use more sounds, such as teachers, singers, etc., as well as vocal cord inflammation, long-term smoking and other groups [12].
gallbladder polyps: related to age, gender (male is more likely to occur than females), smoking, and people with hepatitis B, cholecystitis or gallstones and hyperlipidemia [13,14].
polyps are mostly very obedient and friendly, but they also have the risk of cancer. Don’t take it lightly! It is usually judged based on the type, size and number of polyps.
gastric polyps: Most of them are benign, but adenomatous polyps with a diameter greater than 2 cm. Pay special attention to the risk of cancer [2,3,4].
Intestinal polyps: people with adenomas, those with left hemicolon location, those with fatty (really no discrimination against fat people), fatty liver, and metabolic syndrome have a higher risk of cancer [5,6].
uterine polyps: Most of them are also benign, but at age >60, with abnormal uterine bleeding, obesity, and combined with polycystic ovary, the risk of cancer will be higher [9-11].
gallbladder polyps: Most of them are benign, but the polyps are >10mm in diameter and age >50 years old, there are multiple polyps, and if gallbladder stones are combined, the risk of malignant change will increase [13,14].
Narrow polyps and vocal cord polyps: generally benign, with a very low risk of cancer [7, 8, 12].
(vocal cord polyps)
So, don’t underestimate polyps. Maybe one day it will be rebellious and will not behave well, and you can’t get along well in your body.
gastric polyps [2-4]: Whether it is necessary to have a resection, the score is judging by the score. For example, small polyps with non-adenomas are generally not uncomfortable and rarely become cancerous. Doctors may recommend regular examinations without surgical resection; while large polyps, adenomas and familial adenoma polyps are generally removed under gastroscopy because of the possibility of cancer.
Intestinal polyps: If it is a 1cm polyps, you can first take some tissue under the colonoscopy for examination. Whether there is a possibility of cancer or not, you can temporarily not deal with it if there is no possibility of cancer. Follow-up observation, >1cm or if there is a possibility of cancer, use forceps or wire loop removal (polypectomy) under the colonoscopy, or minimally invasive resection by laparoscopy [5,6].
(colon polyps are removed)
Nasal polyps: It is more likely to recur, so I usually consider spraying some drugs to control inflammation and reduce polyps. If the medicine is useless, I will consider using nasal endoscopic surgery to remove the polyps [7,8].
Uterine polyps: Asymptomatic small polyps, you can do not undergo treatment, and have regular reviews, or take some hormone drugs to relieve the symptoms of polyps. If there is a possibility of cancer, surgical removal can be performed using hysteroscopy according to the condition [9-11].
Vocal cord polyps: Because it affects vocalization, surgical treatment is generally used, which can be determined by specific conditions such as the size and location of the vocal cord polyps. Common surgical methods include electronic nasopharyngeal or fibroscopic resection [12].
gallbladder polyp: polyp diameter is >1cm, age >50 years old, suspected of cancer, growth rate is fast, surgical resection is required. If you are unwilling to undergo surgical resection, follow-up and observation should be conducted for half a year to 1 year [13,14].
has said so much, in short, life is not easy, and you can enjoy it and cherish it.
If we can still get along with each other, we will accompany each other for a while. If we can't get along with each other, we will cut it and leave it alone! The key is to remember to go to the hospital to detect, diagnose and treat early, otherwise you will have to regret it too late.
Special author: Li Hui
Deputy Chief Physician of the Department of Anorectal Surgery of Hubei Provincial Hospital
References
[1]Polyp.https://www.thefreedictionary.com/polyp
[2] Wu Kanglin. Analysis of risk factors related to gastric polyps [D]. Henan: Zhengzhou University, 2018.
[3] Yang Zhen, Zhang Chengyan, Wu Zhanjun. Research progress in clinical pathological characteristics, pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment of gastric polyps [J]. International Journal of Digestive Diseases, 2015, (4): 266-269.
[4]Stomach polyps. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
/stomach-polyps
[5] Liu Daojiang. Clinical analysis of factors related to colorectal polyps[D]. Jiangxi: Nanchang University, 2019.
[6]Colon polyps.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/
colon-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20352875
[7]Wang Lin. Histopathology control study of different types of nasal polyps [D]. Southwest Medical University, 2019.
[8]Nasal polyps.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nasal-polyps/
symptoms-causes/syc-20351888
[9]Lin Junmin, Chen Yanru, Liu Lianlian, et al. Research progress on the related factors of endometrial polyps and their relationship with infertility [J]. China Maternal and Child Health Care, 2016, 31(14):2978-2980.
[10] Huang Lihua, Xiang Mei. New progress in endometrial polyps research [J]. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2014, 41(1):43-46.
[11]Uterine.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709
[12] Wu Qizong. Clinical analysis of factors affecting recurrence after vocal cord polyps [D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Medical University, 2019.
[13] Lu Fujun, Zhang Dong, Liu Jiangwei. Research progress on the causes of gallbladder polyps [J]. Progress in modern biomedical science, 2010, 10(24): 4785-4787.
[14] Gong Jinhua. Clinical analysis of 625 cases of gallbladder polyps: Selection of surgical timing for gallbladder polyps [D]. Jiangxi: Nanchang University, 2018.
Source: Tencent Medical Dictionary
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