10 October 30, we interpreted 12 documents, focusing on: ω-3 fatty acid , vitamin D, trace elements, sucrose, low-carb diet, almonds, fish, diet mercury, medical customized meals.
Plant-based omega-3 fatty acids may improve the prognosis of heart failure patients
Journal of the American College of Cardiology—[27.203]
① 905 patients with heart failure caused by different causes were included, and the serum phospholipid levels were measured by gas chromatography method to reflect the long-term intake of the main plant-based omega-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the diet; ② The median follow-up time was 2.4 years, and a total of 140 all-cause deaths, 85 cardiovascular deaths and 141 first hospitalization for heart failure were recorded; ③ Cox regression analysis showed that compared with patients with the lowest quartile of serum ALA, the combined risks of all-cause death and first heart failure hospitalization in the three higher quartiles were reduced by 39%; ④ Similarly, the risks of all-cause death, cardiovascular death and first heart failure hospitalization were reduced by 42%, 49%, and 12%, respectively.
[Editor's comment]
Heart failure reduces the quality of life of patients, causes premature death, and occupies a large amount of medical resources. Lifestyle intervention is considered an effective method to improve the prognosis and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA) from fish have been proven to be beneficial to cardiovascular health. A plant-based diet can also improve cardiovascular health, but whether it is related to the plant-based omega-3 fatty acids it is not clear. Recently, the latest research article published by Journal of the American College of Cardiology shows that high levels of serum α-linolenic acid (main plant omega-3 fatty acid) are related to a good prognosis during follow-up of patients with heart failure. Dietary interventions rich in α-linolenic acid may help prevent and treat heart failure . (@mustard)
[original information]
Relationship of Circulating Vegetable Omega-3 to Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure
2022-10-24, doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.771
Causal association between vitamin D deficiency and death
Annals of Internal Medicine——[51.598]
① 307,601 unrelated European whites from Biobank, UK, included an average of 25(OH)D concentration of 45.2 nmol/L. During the 14-year follow-up period, a total of 18,700 deaths were found; ② Mendel's randomized analysis showed that the 25(OH)D concentration predicted based on genetic factors was an L-shaped nonlinear association with all-cause mortality, and the risk of death decreased sharply with the increase of 25(OH)D concentration until 50 nmol/L; ③ The 25(OH)D concentration predicted based on genetic factors showed a similar nonlinear association with the risk of cancer death and cardiovascular disease death, and was linearly associated with the risk of respiratory disease mortality.
[Editor's comment]
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased mortality, but randomized controlled trials for people with severe vitamin D deficiency deletion. A Mendel randomized study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that among more than 300,000 white Europeans, the predicted 25(OH)D concentration based on genetic factors was negatively correlated with the risk of death from all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. （@aluba）
【Original information】
Vitamin D Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in the UK Biobank A Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Study
2022-10-25, doi: 10.7326/M21-3324
Nature Sub-Issue: Fatty liver induced by sucrose may be affected by gender
Nature Communications——[17.694]
① In the long-term intake of sucrose without systemic insulin resistance, there may be no link between energy intake, consumption and fat increase; ② After sucrose intake, changes in liver and adipose tissue in mice are affected by gender differences, which will affect the degree of steatosis; ③ Liver triglyceride accumulation, male mice are mainly driven by fatty acid re-esterification produced by lipolysis of adipose tissue, and female mice are driven by the de novo synthesis and re-esterification of liver fatty acids; ④ The gender dimorphic metabolic response in adipose tissue and liver may be caused by impaired estrogen signal, or act directly through ERα, or indirectly through circulating intermediates.
[Editor's Comment]
Gender dimorphism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the differences in the prevalence and mechanism of NAFLD among different genders. Recently, researchers at the Midwest University of the United States published a new study in Nature Communications, discussing the effects of sucrose intake on the energy balance and liver-fat axis in mice of different genders. When steatosis is not associated with insulin response damage, gender is an important regulator affecting sucrose-driven lipid storage and de novo synthesis of triglycerides in liver fatty acids. This study provides a theoretical basis for how gender affects liver-fat interactions, highlighting the importance of extrahepatic metabolism in diet-induced steatosis and NAFLD pathogenesis. （@RZN）
【Original information】
Chronic intake of high dietary sucrose induces sexually dimorphic metabolic adaptations in mouse liver and adipose tissue
2022-10-13, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33840-6
JAMA Sub-Issue: Low-carbohydrate diet can improve glycosylated hemoglobin level
JAMA Network Open——[13.353]
① 150 subjects with elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, 6.0%-6.9%) (mean age 58.9 years old, 72% of women) were included. No anti-glycemic drugs were used at baseline. They were randomly divided into the low-carb diet intervention group and the ordinary diet group for 6 months. ② Compared with the ordinary diet, the low-carb diet intervention significantly reduced the participants' HbA1c (-0.26% vs. -0.04%), fasting blood glucose (-8.4 vs. 1.9 mg/ml) and body weight (-6.4 vs. -0.5kg); ③ A low-carb diet also improved the participants' fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and waist circumference; ④ A low-carb diet did not improve the participants' blood lipid and blood pressure.
[Editor's Comment]
Prediabetic patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other cardiac metabolic diseases have significantly increased. Interventions should be made in a timely manner to prevent further development of the disease. There is much evidence that dietary interventions such as low-carb diets can effectively prevent and treat T2D, but relatively few studies have been conducted on whether low-carb diets are beneficial for patients with pre-diabetic or mild diabetes. Recently, Kirsten S. Dorans of Tulane University and his team published an article on JAMA Network Open. In a randomized clinical trial involving 150 people, a low-carb diet was found to effectively reduce the glycated hemoglobin levels in participants between 6.0% and 6.9% of untreated glycated hemoglobin and improve blood sugar and insulin resistance. (@mustard)
[Original information]
Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Intervention on Hemoglobin A1c A Randomized Clinical Trial
2022-10-26, doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38645
The key role of diet on small intestinal diseases (review)
American Journal of Gastroenterology—[12.045]
① This article summarizes the role of diet in pathophysiology, , diagnosis and treatment of three diseases: non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity, acidic gastroenteritis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; ② Diet may be a key trigger for symptoms in patients with non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity, but the specific wheat composition of the symptoms is still unclear; ③ Diet may be a key driver of the pathogenesis of the disease of eosinophilic gastroenteritis, but the role of improving diet remains to be verified in randomized controlled trials; ④ Diet may play a role in improving the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, but more drug treatment is used in clinical practice.
[Editor's Comment]
Diet plays a key role in gastrointestinal diseases. The American Journal of Gastroenterology review summarizes the role of dietary stimulation in three small intestinal diseases (non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity, eosinophilic gastroenteritis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth), and promotes the role of diet in the pathophysiology and prevention of small intestinal diseases.(@RZN)
[Original information]
EVIDENCE BASED AND EMERGING DIET RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL BOWEL DISORDERS
2022-04-08, doi: 10.14309/ajg.000000000000001764
Eating meat also affects the absorption of trace elements? (Review)
Advances in Nutrition—[11.567]
① The study included a total of 77 literature reports before 2021.9, including 52 population studies, 24 animal model studies and 1 study involving both; ② Several studies have shown that adding muscle tissue or muscle tissue components to a single plant-based diet can significantly increase the absorption rate of iron and zinc, but the impact of meat factors on the absorption efficiency of the two in the whole diet system is not clear; ③ There is no significant difference in promoting the effect of meat factors; ④ Moreover, there is no definite evidence that there are meat factors in milk and eggs.
[Editor's comment]
Animal source food generally refers to meat, with high nutritional density and is a good source of nutrition. However, meat foods mostly contain meat factors. These meat factors can affect the absorption of trace elements. This article reviews a total of 77 literature reports as of 2021.9. After analysis, it was found that meat factors in pure plant-based diets can promote the absorption of iron and zinc, but this phenomenon is not clear in the whole diet system. And there is no significant difference in meat factors for different animal sources. The article believes that this study may be applicable to people who can sustainably obtain animal-derived diets, but in some relatively poor countries with less meat, there are fewer related research. （@Bingbing）
【Original information】
The Effect of the Meat Factor in Animal-Source Foods on Micronutrient Abstraction: A Scoping Review
2022-09-02, doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac089
TMAO and CMPF are related to the clinical outcomes of advanced chronic kidney disease
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition—[8.472]
① 737 patients with advanced chronic kidney disease were included, and the levels of TMAO and CMPF in baseline serum were detected; ② During the median follow-up of 39 months, 232 patients died, and TMAO was independently positively correlated with all-cause mortality; ③ CMPF was negatively correlated with all-cause mortality and renal replacement treatment risk, and was independent of TMAO level and other clinically related confounding factors; ④ In the multivariable adjusted model, compared with patients with low TMAO + low CMPF, patients with low TMAO + high CMPF, there was no significant difference in the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with high TMAO + low CMPF and patients with high TMAO + high CMPF.
[Editor's Comment]
Trimethylamine Oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite produced after eating red meat and fish. It is believed to have a cardiovascular disease-promoting effect. However, there are inconsistent results regarding TMAO and its effects on clinical outcomes, which may be due to the uncertain dietary source. According to the results of an prospective cohort study of in an prospective cohort study published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, after following up on more than 700 patients with advanced renal disease for about 3 years, it was found that baseline serum TMAO levels were positively correlated with all-cause mortality, while baseline serum 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5propyl-2 furanpropionate (CMPF, biomarker in fish intake) was negatively correlated with all-cause mortality and the risk of renal replacement therapy. （@aluba）
【Original information】
The association between TMAO, CMPF and clinical outcomes in advanced CKD; results from the EQUAL study
2022-09-27, doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac278
Eat more vitamins or can resist the diabetes risks caused by air pollution
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety——[7.129]
① The study involved about 156,500 non-diabetic populations, followed up for 11.7 years ( median ), and recorded a total of 4,271 occasional diabetes cases; ② Compared with those who are under-vitamin intake, the association between sufficient vitamin intake and the impact of air pollution on diabetes is weaker; ③ Among different antioxidant vitamins, the best effect of improving the impact of air pollution on diabetes is vitamin C and vitamin E; ④ The article shows that air pollution is one of the important risk factors for diabetes, and intake of sufficient antioxidant vitamins can reduce the negative impact of air pollution on diabetes.
[Editor's Comment]
Air pollution may increase the risk of diabetes. This article explores whether dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins will have a resistant effect. Research results show that intake of sufficient antioxidant vitamins has the potential to reduce the impact of air pollution on diabetes, and vitamin C and vitamin E are the best. （@Bingbing）
【Original information】
Is dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins associated with reduced adverse effects of air pollution on diabetes? Findings from a large cohort study
2022-10-19, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114182
Effects of almonds on intestinal bacterial flora , physiology and symptoms
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition—[8.472]
① 87 healthy adults were randomly divided into three groups, and 56g of whole almonds, almond powder or muffins (as control) were consumed each day for 4 weeks; ② There was no significant difference in the abundance of Bifidobacterium feces in the three groups (8.7% vs. 7.8% vs. 13.0%); ③ Compared with the control, the intake of almonds (whole almonds or almond powder) significantly increased the butyrate level in the feces (24.1μmol/g vs. 18.2μmol/g); ④ Almonds had no significant effect on intestinal flora composition (phylum level) and diversity , intestinal transport time, feces hardness, and intestinal symptoms; ⑤ The lipid release of almond powder is higher than that of whole almonds, but there is no significant difference in the effects of the two on the intestine.
[Editor's Comment]
The lipids, fibers, polyphenols and their physical and chemical properties contained in almonds may affect the physiology and bacterial flora. Results of a randomized controlled trial published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that almonds had no significant impact on the composition and diversity of intestinal flora, intestinal physiology, and intestinal symptoms, and only increased the butyrate level in the intestinal tract. In addition, there was no significant difference in the effects of whole almonds and almond flour on the intestines. （@aluba）
【Original information】
The Impact of Almonds and Almond Processing On Gastrointestinal Physiology, Luminal Microbiology and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: a Randomized Controlled Trial and Mastication Study
2022-09-20, doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac265
South China University of Technology : 5-fingered hairy peach may improve the intestinal microbial structure and its metabolic spectrum?
npj Science of Food—[7]
① 43 healthy people were randomly divided into two groups, the Wuwei Maotao Diet Group (FHVD, n=25) and the control group (n=28). The intervention lasted for 8 weeks, and feces were collected before and after the intervention; ② The FHVD intervention increased the diversity of intestinal flora of subjects, and Dialister, Veillonella and Lachnospiraceae were significantly enriched; ③ amino acid synthesis, citric acid circulation and some B vitamin synthesis pathways were more abundant in the FHVD group, and the FHVD intervention increased the content of serine , tryptophan and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); ④ FHV components and in vitro fermentation experiments have confirmed that the increase in SCFAs concentration is jointly contributed by the increase in key enzyme genes and the abundance of available substrates.
[Editor's Comment]
Five-fingered Hairy Peach (also known as Nanqi , Fozard Banyan , Coarse-leaf Banyan , Five-fingered Milk , etc.), mainly distributed in Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian, Guangxi and other places in my country. It has the effects of relaxing muscles and activating the kidneys, strengthening the spleen and lungs, promoting dampness and promoting qi, and enhancing the body's disease resistance. At present, it is still unknown how the five-finger hairy peach diet (FHVD) affects the human intestinal microbiome. Recently, Lin Ying and his team from South China University of Technology published a latest study on npj Science of Food, and found that supplementing FHVD significantly increased the diversity of intestinal microbial species in the subjects and promoted a significant increase in the content of amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, and other content in the body. In short, this study laid the foundation for exploring the interaction between Chinese herbal medicine and the body's intestinal microbiota.(@Jiuqingchen)
[Original information]
Association of human gut microbiota composition and metabolic functions with Ficus hirta Vahl dietary supplementation
2022-09-27, doi: 10.1038/s41538-022-00161-3
Domestic team: dietary mercury exposure risk of Chinese residents
Environmental Pollution——[9.988]
① 695 documents were included to conduct risk assessment of mercury-containing food exposure in China; ② The highest mercury content in edible fungi (0.185 mg/kg), the highest mercury content in methylmercury in aquatic products is 0.081 mg/kg. Except for edible fungi, the average mercury content of other foods meets the standards; ③ The average daily mercury exposure is 12.9 μg, the main sources are grains and vegetables, and the average daily methylmercury exposure of aquatic products is 3.8 μg; ④ The highest daily mercury exposure in the southwest (30.0 μg), and the lower in the northwest and north (7.4 and 6.0 μg per day); ⑤ About 6.4 and 7.0% of Chinese residents' mercury and methylmercury exposure exceeds the guidelines of the European Food Safety Administration .
[Editor's comment] A latest study result published by Li Yanfei's team from Zhoupu Hospital in Environmental Pollution, summarizing 695 documents (including 6379 data and 295,688 food samples) between 1980 and 2021, and assessing the mercury and methylmercury content of 8 types of food in China's provinces, as well as the dietary mercury and methylmercury exposure of residents in each province. （@aluba）
【Original information】
Risk assessment of mercury through dietary exposure in China
2022-08-24, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120026
JAMA Sub-Issue: Medical insurance covers customized medical meals, which can reduce hospitalization and save medical expenses
JAMA Network Open——[13.353]
① 6,309,998 U.S. participants who were eligible for MTM, with an average of 68.1 years of age, all have medical insurance (76.5% have Medicare and/or Medicaid) and suffer from at least one diet-sensitive disease; ② If these participants received 1 year of MTM intervention (10 MTMs per week, 8 months per year), 1594,000 hospitalizations and $38.7 billion in medical expenses could be avoided, minus $24.8 billion in cost, and $13.6 billion in medical expenses could be saved; ③ If 10 years of MTM intervention, 18257,000 hospitalizations and $484.5 billion in medical expenses could be avoided, minus $298.7 billion in cost, and $185.1 billion in medical expenses could be saved.
[Editor's Comment]
Medical Customized Meals (MTM) can reduce the use of medical services, but are not covered by medical insurance (Medicare or Medicaid). A new study published on JAMA Network Open estimates that if MTM is covered, if MTM is covered, it can reduce more than 1.6 million hospitalizations and save $13.6 billion in medical expenses within one year after considering the cost; it can reduce more than 18 million hospitalizations and save $185.1 billion in medical expenses within 10 years.（@aluba）
【Original information】
Association of National Expansion of Insurance Coverage of Medically Tailored Meals With Estimated Hospitalizations and Health Care Expenditures in the US
2022-10-17, doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36898
Thanks to the creators of this issue of the daily newspaper: Mustard, Zhao Jing, Astro Boy, WK Hongye, Adang, Miao Zhonghua, Alex, Bingbing, aluba, Rustypotatis
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