stroke (cerebral stroke) refers to acute cerebrovascular disease, which is an acute or focal brain dysfunction caused by various vascular causes (including bleeding and ischemia), lasting more than 24 hours. It usually refers to a group of diseases including cerebral hemorrhage , cerebral infarction , subarachnoid hemorrhage , etc. stroke has the characteristics of high incidence, high mortality, high disability, high recurrence and heavy economic burden. A large number of clinical studies and practice have proved that stroke can be prevented and cured. Actively controlling the risk factors of stroke in the early stage and standardizing stroke treatment can effectively reduce the incidence, recurrence, disability and mortality of stroke, and improve the prognosis of stroke. October 29 is World Stroke Day . Let’s talk about the prevention and treatment knowledge after stroke .
1. Pathogenic factors and prevention and control points for stroke
Pathogenic risk factors mainly include hypertension , diabetes , dyslipidemia , atrial fibrillation, an unhealthy lifestyle (alcoholism, smoking, lack of sleep, lack of exercise, etc.). In addition, cardiogenic cerebral infarction, migraine , oral contraceptives, cerebral artery inflammation, and hereditary cerebrovascular disease are also risk factors for stroke. Prevention and control measures should mainly actively intervene in hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, unhealthy lifestyles, etc. Among them, correcting unhealthy lifestyles, actively treating and controlling risk factors are the key to staying away from stroke. The following are the main risk factors for stroke:
1. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia Long-term hypertension mainly damages small arteries, and whether it is systolic blood pressure or increased diastolic pressure, it can increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction. blood lipids is mainly increased by triglyceride . Young people are more sensitive to increased triglycerides. Slight changes in blood concentration can accelerate the development of arteriosclerosis.
2. Diabetes The younger age of diabetes in my country is showing a significant upward trend. With the improvement of national living standards, the increase in the number of meals, high sugar, high-fat diet, and reduced exercise are the main reasons for the high incidence of middle-aged diabetics.
3. Excessive drinking Alcohol can directly act on cerebrovascular smooth muscles to cause vasospasm, and can also lead to poor cerebral blood flow regulation by increasing platelets, arrhythmia , hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, which can all increase the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases.
4. Smoking There are strong endothelial cells in the artery. carbon monoxide in the smoke can cause myosin to contract in this cell, increase blood vessel permeability, accelerate arteriosclerosis, and increase the risk of stroke.
5. Bad eating habits and lifestyle Research shows that diet and behavioral patterns are closely related to stroke in middle-aged and young people. Frequent dining out and obesity are risk factors for cerebral infarction in middle-aged and young people. With the continuous improvement of the living standards of our country, unhealthy lifestyles such as high sugar, high fat diet, alcoholism, smoking, lack of sleep, and lack of exercise are common among the masses, especially among middle-aged people, and are important causes of the increase in stroke patients.
2. How to self-assess the risk of stroke?
The National Health Commission’s Stroke Prevention and Control Engineering Committee organized and conducted screening and intervention work on stroke risk factors for people over 40 years old for more than 10 consecutive years in 200 regions across the country, and implemented a simple and easy-to-use stroke "8+2" risk score. Among them, "8" refers to eight major stroke risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation, overweight or obesity, lack of exercise, and family history of stroke; "2" refers to stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
High risk: has 3 or more risk factors; or has had stroke; or has transient ischemic attack (TIA). People who are judged to be at high risk are advised to consult specialist immediately for stroke prevention.
Intermediate risk: has less than 3 risk factors and suffers from 1 chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation).
Low risk: has less than 3 risk factors and has no chronic diseases.
All high school risk groups need to be subject to regular follow-up management, and targeted diagnosis and treatment are carried out for their risk factors.
3. How to prevent stroke or recurrence?
Develop a healthy lifestyle, regularly screen for stroke risk factors, and achieve early detection, early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment, so as to effectively prevent and treat stroke.
(I) Pay attention to the following 7 points in daily life:
1. Light diet;
2. Moderately enhance physical exercise;
3. Overcome bad habits, such as quitting smoking and drinking, avoiding sitting for a long time, etc.;
4. Prevent excessive fatigue;
5. Pay attention to weather changes;
6. Keep emotional stability;
7. Regular health examinations to prevent and treat problems early.
(II) Patients with related diseases should pay attention to the following 5 points:
1. Patients with hypertension should pay attention to controlling hypertension;
2. Patients with hyperlipidemia should pay attention to controlling blood lipids;
3. Patients with diabetes should actively control blood sugar;
4. Patients with atrial fibrillation or other heart disease should control risk factors related to heart disease.
5. Patients with the above diseases should go to the hospital for follow-up visits regularly.
4. How to identify stroke?
In 2003, an international method was introduced to the public to self-identify three stroke symptoms: one is asymmetric face, two is unable to lift the arms, and three is not clear about speaking. Due to the complexity of brain structure, the symptoms of vascular occlusion in different parts of the brain and cerebellum are different. In the past two years, two more symptoms to be identified have been added: the body is difficult to balance and the eyes cannot see clearly. The increase in these two symptoms can increase the public's self-identification stroke rate at home from 70% to more than 90%.
In July 2021, Chinese Stroke Society officially released the "BE" that identifies early symptoms of stroke during the seventh academic annual meeting. FAST formula ", the first 5 letters each represent an early symptom, and the last 1 letter is a reminder that once a stroke symptoms are found, you should call the emergency number immediately and seek medical treatment immediately:
"B" - Balance refers to balance, loses balance or coordination ability, and sudden difficulty in walking; html l2
"E" - Eyes refers to the eyes, sudden changes in vision, difficult vision;
"F" - Face refers to the face, Face asymmetric and skewed corners;
"A"—Arms refers to the arm, suddenly feels weak or numb, usually appearing on one side of the body;
"S"—Speech is Refers to language, speaks vaguely and cannot understand other people's language;
"T" - Time refers to time, The above symptoms indicate that a stroke may occur. Please do not wait for the symptoms to disappear on your own, and call 120 immediately to get medical assistance.
In September 2022, the World Stroke Organization (WSO) decided to continue to use to quickly identify early stroke symptoms as the focus of this year's "World Stroke Day" campaign.
5. Which moments are prone to stroke?
1. When you are overly excited; 2. When you suddenly go from a warm room to a cold space; 3. When you go to the toilet with force; 4. When you are under too much pressure or overwork; 5. When you take a bath in winter; 6. When you sweat a lot in summer.
6. What should I do if I have a stroke? Time is the brain, time is life. It is extremely important to detect early symptoms of stroke in a timely manner. The earlier you discover and the earlier you treat, the better the effect. Patients are sent to hospitals or stroke center units with treatment capabilities immediately after onset of the disease, and receive standardized treatment, which can increase the chance of recovery and improve the quality of life.
7. What are the rehabilitation treatments for stroke?
stroke patients often have various sequelae, including physical movement disorders, unclear speech, etc., which seriously affect life. Timely rehabilitation treatment is crucial to the recovery of after stroke sequelae of . Theoretically, as long as the patient's vital signs are stable, rehabilitation treatment can be started. The earlier standardized rehabilitation treatment is carried out, the more ideal the patient's prognosis will be. Rehabilitation treatment for stroke includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, psychological therapy, orthotic treatment, traditional Chinese treatment and rehabilitation nursing, etc. Rehabilitation treatment needs to be conducted jointly by doctors, therapists and nurses, analyze and evaluate all aspects of sequelae, formulate individualized and standardized rehabilitation treatment plans, and carry out comprehensive, comprehensive and systematic rehabilitation treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture and massage treatment has obvious rehabilitation and treatment effects in limb hemiplegia, speech impairment, swallowing disorder , urinary and defecation dysfunction (secondary incontinence, constipation, urination disorder), and is increasingly recognized by the global medical community and is accepted by more and more patients and their families.
