Modern psychological counseling is divided into four major schools, namely psychoanalytical therapy, behavioral therapy, client-centered therapy, and cognitive therapy.
Psychoanalytic therapy : The main psychological disorder in psychoanalytic therapy research is neurosis, and the fundamental cause of neurosis is unconscious psychological conflict. The essence of psychoanalytic therapy is to deepen the person's understanding of himself, but this process is long and arduous and requires the will and patience of both parties. The essence of work is to promote the transformation of unconscious processes into consciousness.
"Consciousness" means that people can perceive their own psychological activities, that is, "cognition" of their own psychological activities; "unconsciousness" means that people cannot "understand" their own psychological activities. The essence of analytical treatment work is actually to deepen the parties' understanding of themselves, that is, the "understanding" that is particularly emphasized in psychoanalytical treatment.
It is extremely difficult to transform the unconscious into consciousness. You will encounter "impedance" and "transference". Overcoming these two phenomena is a long and arduous process, with repetition and twists and turns, and both parties need to "cultivate" together. At this time, the client and the therapist are both tests of will and patience. Focus on "cognition" and "will", although its original intention may not be considered so, it does not hinder such analysis.
Behavioral Therapy: uses reinforcement to make clients imitate or eliminate a specific behavior and establish new behavior methods. It encourages clients to change themselves and abandon bad behaviors by providing a specific learning environment.
Behavior therapy is veritable, emphasizing that "behavior" is the center, all psychological disorders should be described with "unadapted behavior", and the change of behavior itself is the treatment target, and do not look for the reasons behind the symptoms, nor do you think there are other causes. The entire treatment process and the therapeutic techniques adopted (relaxation exercises, system desensitization, aversion therapy, etc.) are all targeted at behavioral changes.
