█ Experts’ “population anxiety”
my country has implemented a second-child birth policy since 2016, and the third-child birth policy will be opened in 2021. The intensity of the population birth policy has been full.
For the wealthy and privileged class, it actually began to contribute to the country's population increase, but it was called superb birth at that time.
The life you want, Director Zhang Da has made a wonderful presentation in his life
Recently, the National Bureau of Statistics released a report saying: As of the end of 2021, my country's population was 1.4126 billion, compared with 2012, the average annual growth rate was 0.4%, and the population size continued to expand.
Seeing this news, will the so-called experts such as Liang Jianzhang and Ren Zeping who suffer from severe "population anxiety" feel better?
However, the actual situation is not optimistic .
data shows that the population growth rate dropped sharply from 0.7% in 2016 and 0.6% in 2017 to 0.4% in 2018-2019, while from 2020 to 2021, it fell to 0.1% for two consecutive years, and population growth was almost stagnant.
The number of births in the population has been declining year by year, of which the decline in 2018, 2020 and 2021 reached more than 10%. In 2021, the number of births decreased by 38.4% compared with 2017 in just four years.
Ministry of Civil Affairs shows that the domestic marriage rate has declined year by year since it reached a peak of 9.9% in 2013. By 2021, the marriage rate dropped to 5.4‰, while the divorce rate rose from 0.96% in 2000 to 3.1% in 2020. Although it dropped to 2% in 2021 (I don’t know if it is related to masks), it remained above 3% in the first four years of 2020, which is approaching the marriage rate.
It can be seen that the comprehensive second-child and three-child policies have limited effects on population growth. Due to the huge social pressures such as education, housing, medical care, and elderly care, as well as current emotional and marital instability, people's willingness to give birth is getting lower and lower, and the population is about to usher in a turning point. In the future, the population mortality rate will exceed the birth rate, and the population will decline year by year. This trend is difficult to reverse.
As of the end of 2021, the national elderly population aged 60 and above reached 267 million, accounting for 18.9% of the total population, and is about to enter the stage of moderate aging. It is predicted that by around 2035, the number of elderly people aged 60 in my country will exceed 400 million, accounting for more than 30% of the total population, entering the stage of severe aging.
can be confirmed that China's demographic dividend no longer exists, no wonder experts are beginning to suffer from "population anxiety".
However, in the same world, people's joys and sorrows are not the same -
█ "age anxiety" of the people
5-year-old anxiety
25-year-old You, Youth has declared the end
2022 The national graduate population exceeded 10 million, and a considerable number of students were unemployed after graduation. College students are generally around 22 years old. Should they join the fierce competition in the employment army, or study for graduate students for another 2-3 years? No matter which path you choose, you will eventually face the problem of finding a job. And if you can’t find the right job in the next year, your education will depreciate like second-hand goods, and you will become unfavorable in competing with the next quarter’s graduates.
5 years old, your youth has come to an end.
5 years old anxiety
35 years old, you lost your value early
35 years old, there are old people above and young people below, mortgage loans, car loans, credit cards, every day, the hairline is gradually rising, and tomorrow or accident, maybe which one will come first. For many companies and positions, 35 years old is a hurdle, and you may be resigned at any time because the company believes that your surplus value is not much.
5 years old, you lost your value early.
5-year-old anxiety
45-year-old you are not qualified to hit screws
0 The elderly are old, and most of them are plagued by illnesses. The children are still in school and going to college is also a considerable expense. The 45-year-old body has been seriously overdrawn at work. The couple's "Singing a Week" program is also a little overwhelmed. They are also unable to do anything. Once they are unemployed, they have to endure the opportunity to drill screws in the factory, because the upper limit of the workers who enter the factory is 45 years old.
5 years old, you are not qualified to punch screws.
5-year-old anxiety
55-year-old you have become a marginalized person in society
In the unit, you are already a de facto retired at the age of 55. If you are unfortunately entering society at the age of 55, it will be difficult for you to find other work you can do except setting up a street stall to pick up rags. Society no longer needs you, and you are no longer the pillar in your family. Except for having a good body, nothing else belongs to you.
5 years old, you have become a marginalized person in society.
█ Face the aging calmly
Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Affairs said in September that the proportion of the elderly population over 65 years old in Japan has reached 29.1%, entering the stage of severe aging.
Japan Legal retirement age lower limit is 60 years old, but the Japanese government actively encourages "reemployment of elderly people".
2013 Japan's "Hospital Status Act for the Elderly" stipulates that employees are allowed and encouraged to work until they are 65 years old when they are voluntarily. In 2021, the encouraged retirement age is increased by 5 years old. Enterprises can ensure employment opportunities for elderly people who are willing to work until they are 70 years old by raising or canceling retirement age and re-hiring.
The Japanese government said it would build a society that "never retires for life" and "lively active".
As of 2021, the proportion of elderly people aged 65-69 in Japan is still working, accounting for 50.3%, and half of them are still working.
In 2020, even companies that "retired at the age of 80" appeared in Japan. A home appliance sales company with more than 3,000 employees, named "Nejima" said it is implementing an employment system where employees can work voluntarily until they are 80 years old.
Is it because of lack of money for the elderly in Japan?
data shows that nearly 70% of Japanese household financial assets (excluding real estate) are held by people over 60 years old. The per capita savings of Japanese residents aged 60-69 is 13.4 million yen, which is the group with the most disposable assets in Japanese society. Among the elderly, the proportion of real poverty is less than 1%.
93-year-old worker Yasuda Yoshimitsu
Yasuda Yoshimitsu, 93 years old in 2021, is known as the "highest-age McDonald's worker", and works part-time at a McDonald's branch in Japan. He felt that he had too much spare time after retirement. Instead of staying at home, it would be more interesting to do a part-time job and his life would be more fulfilling.
Before him, the 91-year-old man named Taichi Yako below was called the oldest migrant worker in Japan and also made the Guinness Record.
92-year-old worker Tamaki Taiko
But this is not the oldest worker. Dolly Saville, a 100-year-old hotel waiter in the UK, has worked in the hotel for 74 consecutive years since he was 26 years old until 2014.
100-year-old hotel waiter Dolly Saville
█ The world has changed
On the one hand, domestic enterprises are accustomed to using 996 to squeeze and overdraw the surplus value of their employees. There is a large number of people in factories and service industries. On the other hand, due to the increase in lifespan, a large number of domestic labor force has objectively caused idleness. This contradiction and problem has become increasingly serious as our country quickly enters the elderly society.
The aunt and uncle in the square dance are still very young
In China, square dance and mahjong hall have become the lifestyles of many retirees in their fifties and sixties, and most of them are healthy and there is no problem in engaging in normal work.
In terms of economy, relative overproduction will cause a crisis. On the one hand, factories have made a large number of products, and on the other hand, overproduction is caused by the low income of the people. The same is true for population. If people cannot make the best use of the people, there will be a relatively overpopulation, resulting in a large number of social and economic problems.
The world has changed, we must start to change population and labor policies, and we can no longer stick to the old thinking and development model of the past.
Moreover, from the perspective of the environment's ability to carry population and maintain the earth's ecological balance, China does not need so many people now.
The United States and China are almost the same territory as the most developed countries in the world, but their population is only more than 300 million, while the most populous countries, such as India and China, are both developing countries in .If China's population is only half or even less in the future, people will definitely live better. Although this will face a certain period of pain, it will be very worth it in the long run.
Living calmly and aging calmly is what a happy society should look like.
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