Author: Yang Luo
Source: Interdisciplinary psychology
Link:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/df0jePYuDiRiZp34nJ4wTg
Excerpt:
In 2013, xxx and xxx, on the issue of genetically modified foods, publicly argued online that x said it was harmful and x said it was harmless; in 2016, the International Greenpeace Organization stated that genetically modified foods would cause genetic pollution, but then, 110 Nobel Prize winners jointly signed to support genetically modified foods. Who do you believe in?
A study by the General Administration of International Cancer Research on thirteen countries showed that people who frequently use mobile phones have a 40% higher probability of getting cancer than those who do not use mobile phones; but another experimental study showed that mobile phone radiation does not harm health, and can also reduce memory loss and avoid Alzheimer's ; the official report of the International Health Organization stated that "there is no evidence that mobile phones are harmful to health." Who do you believe in?
Many psychologists believe that good parental relationships are very important for children's growth, and divorce can even ruin children's personality. However, scientists analyzed 67 studies on the impact of divorce on children and concluded that divorce has little impact on children's psychological and behavioral factors, and the impact is even smaller after excluding the factors of divorce due to poverty. Who do you believe in?
We receive a lot of knowledge every day - school, study, media, friends, experts... but we may rarely care about some questions that seem irrelevant but think about them carefully:
In this world,
What do we know?
Why do we believe it? Where does
knowledge come from? Where does
knowledge come from?
Please read a few sentences:
"Brown sugar replenishes blood";
"Loquat relieving cough";
"Pig liver replenishes iron";
"heliocentric theory".
Most of the knowledge is heard and learned. Our question is, what is the source of this knowledge?
Let’s talk about the conclusion first:
“Brown sugar replenishes blood” comes from imagination;
“Loquat relieving cough” comes from experience summary;
“Pig liver replenishes iron” comes from scientific research;
“helium theory” comes from imagination.
Brown sugar does not replenish blood. This statement is a simple conjecture in ancient China: they are all red, and they can make up for whatever they eat. Before the birth of modern medicine, similar simple imaginations were found everywhere in the world.
(But you should still hold a bowl of brown sugar water next to the bed when your girlfriend is dysmenorrhea, hold her hand, talk to her about zodiac signs, shut up and not mention any of the words in this article.)
loquat can indeed relieve cough, which is obtained by people's experience and observation in life. But the ancients could not know that the reason why it could relieve cough was not because of loquat, but because of sugar. Sugar flows through the throat, which can promote the formation of a protective film in the throat, preventing nerves from being stimulated by bacteria. Therefore, stewing pears with rock sugar can also relieve cough, and loquat cough syrup is indeed effective. Is that lollipop OK? The answer is, lollipops work better because lollipops continuously release sugar and flow through the throat. But if the child is addicted to eating lollipops to relieve cough, it will be bad for his teeth.
100g pork liver contains about 22-31 mg of iron, with an absorption rate of about 22%, making it a good daily iron supplement food. The basis for drawing this conclusion is: 1. Know that the human body (hemoglobin) needs iron; 2. Measure the iron content of food ingredients and the amount of absorption of the human body. It was difficult for the ancients to imagine that the human body needed iron. Before traditional Chinese medicine absorbed the conclusions of modern medicine, the description of pig liver was "maintaining eyesight". At the same time, data on iron content and absorption rate are also measured by scientific tools. This little knowledge that seems to be healthy in daily diet is actually a very modern scientific achievement.
We all know that the heliocentric theory overturned geocentric theory . In the theory of geocentric theory, the earth is the center, and sun, moon, stars, moves on spherical shells of various positions and sizes. The spherical shell is called "this round". Of course, there are not only one this round. There are 56 calculations of Aristotle . Later, it was found that it was not accurate enough, and it increased to more than 80.
geocentric model
This theory of more than 80 shells in the sky sounds ridiculous today, and it is difficult to pk with heliocentric pk.However, in "H Theory of the Operation of the Celestial Body" published by Copernicus before his death in 1543, the calculation of the heliocentric theory is far less accurate than that of the geocentric theory, because he mistakenly believed that the planetary orbit was a perfect circle.
It was not until 1609 that Galileo used his own telescope to see the sun, moon and stars, and then Kepler adjusted the circular orbit to the elliptical orbit, that the heliocentric theory gradually became firm.
The source of knowledge is so complex, so the question we face is:
Who can we believe? Is imagination necessarily unreliable? Why do scientific progress still rely on imagination? Is scientific research surely credible?
For these problems, from simple thinking to philosophy of science , humans have been exploring for a long time.
For the standard answer, here is the full text link:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/df0jePYuDiRiZp34nJ4wTg
