China News Service, October 28th Question: What is the mystery of the ten changes in the 20 top reports?
Author: Dong Yu Executive Vice President of Tsinghua University China Development Planning Institute
Goal is the clarion call of action. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has embarked on a new journey of comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization. The new journey requires lofty goals as the driving force and clarify the direction of struggle. In the Twenty National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the strategic arrangements for the comprehensive building of a modern socialist country, "two-step" are explained. Among them, the long-term goals for 2035 are action guides for planning various work at present and in the future, and are of great guiding significance.
The Party’s 19th National Congress made strategic arrangements to advance the second centenary goal in two stages, and proposed to basically realize socialist modernization by 2035 and build our country into a prosperous, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern country by the middle of this century. On this basis, the 14th Five-Year Plan systematically elaborated on the long-term goals for 2035. Based on changes in the situation and deepening of understanding, the Twenty National Congress reports made certain adjustments to the explanation of the long-term goals, further clarifying the direction guidelines for basically realizing modernization. These adjustments and changes are important indexes for studying the Twenty Top 20 reports and understanding the central government’s major strategic intentions, and require in-depth understanding and grasp.
1, per capita GDP has reached a new big step. compared with the statement that "the total economic output and per capita income of urban and rural residents will reach a new big step" in the "14th Five-Year Plan", the 20 Top Reports have advanced the statement that per capita GDP 5 reaches the level in the middle developed countries, and the concept of per capita rather than total reflects the requirements of people-oriented and -in-connotation development of . In the economic part, the report proposes to "promote the economy to achieve effective quality improvement and reasonable quantitative growth", which also reflects that it is not necessary to do with quantitative growth and expansion of scale, but to promote reasonable growth under the premise of quality first. The report also proposes that "the per capita disposable income of residents has reached a new level", which can more accurately measure the actual living standards of residents than the original "per capita income of urban and rural residents", and fully reflects the orientation of development for the people.
2. Achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. Based on the formulation of "major breakthroughs in key core technologies" in the "14th Five-Year Plan", the report uses a more comprehensive goal of "achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement" to further demonstrate the determination and confidence to break through with science and technology. At present, the competition around the commanding heights of science and technology is unprecedentedly fierce. Faced with the increasingly serious "bottleneck" blockade, we have made key arrangements in the report how to change passive to active and follow-up to lead. "Strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological strength", "cultivating innovative culture", "gathering strength to carry out original leading scientific and technological research", etc. are all important ways to achieve scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement. What is particularly important is that the report puts forward the foresighted requirement of "opening up new fields and new tracks for development" and will encourage free exploration in the scientific field to a greater extent, which will play an important role in achieving overtaking on the curve.
3. Form a new development pattern. This is an extremely important new term. Since the central government proposed to build a new development pattern, it has made a series of important arrangements in building a unified large market and promoting institutional opening up, laying a good foundation. Incorporating "forming a new development pattern" into the long-term goals of 2035 not only clarifies the pace of building a new development pattern, but also requires detailed research on the specific connotation, measurement indicators, implementation steps, etc. of this goal. At the same time, the report puts forward a new task of "enhancing the endogenous driving force and reliability of the domestic circulation and improving the quality and level of the international circulation". From its connotation, in terms of domestic circulation, the focus is on expanding domestic demand, optimizing supply, and clearing bottlenecks, and in terms of international circulation, it focuses on improving structure, improving systems, deepening cooperation, etc. This means that by creating an upgraded version of the "dual circulation", the national economic circulation will be further smoothed, thereby continuously improving the quality and efficiency of economic development.
4. The people's democratic system in the whole process is more sound. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, people's democracy has been developed throughout the process, and the people's mastery of their own affairs has become more solid. The report further refines the statement that part of the goals of the "14th Five-Year Plan" that "the people's right to equal participation and equal development is fully guaranteed" into "the people's democratic system in the whole process is more sound", which will become the main goal in the field of political construction. The report lists the content of democratic politics separately in the task part, elaborating in detail on the direction of the construction of political systems, consultative democracy, grassroots democracy, united front, etc., and will build a channel to expand the people's orderly political participation, and achieve the broadest, most authentic and most effective democracy by ensuring people's democratic elections, democratic consultations, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision. To study the spirit of the conference, you can also learn the birth notes of the conference report, the birth notes of the new " two committees ", etc. These are the most vivid practices of the whole process of people's democracy.
5. Build a strong country in education, science and technology, and talent. The report mentioned "Strong science and technology country" to the target part, and fine-tuned the order of the original "Strong powers", and advanced "Strong education, strong science and technology country, and strong talent country", which formed a sharp response to the subsequent task part. A major change in the structure of the report task is to put education, science and technology, and talents as a whole and put it in the second major task. This is a major innovation in development concepts and planning ideas. The report implements the important concept of "for people" throughout the development. At the same time, by paying more attention to the supporting role of talents, it fully reflects the idea of "relying on people", which is a more comprehensive reflection of the people-oriented concept. Integrating education, science and technology and talents into an important position in modernization construction, and following the primary task of high-quality development of , the purpose of education, the motivation for innovation and the cultivation of talents has been achieved. In the new journey of modernization, talents, as the most important supporting factor, will continue to play a fundamental role.
6. People’s lives are happier and better. The report added the word "happiness" to the original goal of "people's life is better", which means that the modernization we pursue, in addition to the upgrade of material life, also includes the upgrade of spiritual experience, which is also an important feature of Chinese modernization. The needs of the people are diverse, which also requires all work to strive to enhance the people's sense of gain and satisfaction, and constantly contribute to a better life. In the cultural part, the report emphasizes inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese culture and meeting the people's growing spiritual and cultural needs; in the livelihood part, it emphasizes focusing on solving the urgent and difficult problems of the people, and also makes new arrangements for enhancing the balance and accessibility of public services. A happy and beautiful life cannot fall from the sky. It needs to be created bit by bit through joint efforts. Welfare populism will not become our option.
7. The proportion of middle-income groups has increased significantly. The goal proposed by "14th Five-Year Plan" is to "significantly expand the middle-income group", and the report is adjusted to "significantly increase the proportion of middle-income groups". This change from absolute quantitative target to relative quantitative target is a higher requirement, which means that the structure of the national income distribution pattern should accelerate the transformation to an "olive-shaped". Since the 13th meeting of the 18th Central Financial and Economic Leading Group made the arrangements to expand the middle-income group in 2016, a lot of work has been done in this regard, which is also one of the main paths and goals for solidly promoting common prosperity. The report emphasizes encouraging hard work to get rich and promoting equal opportunities. Combined with the policy directions of the 10th meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Commission for several key groups, it will provide important guidance for expanding the middle-income group. It should be noted that the "two norms" of the report's "two norms" of standardizing income distribution order and regulating wealth accumulation mechanism mainly means that fairness and legality should be paid attention to in the process of income distribution, and we must correctly understand and interpret this to prevent some rhythmic remarks from interfering with market expectations.
8. Rural areas basically have modern living conditions. In the past ten years, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee, we have won the largest battle against poverty in human history, and have historically solved the problem of absolute poverty.After embarking on a new journey of modernization, the pace of rural revitalization will not stop. To completely renew the appearance of the countryside and to allow hundreds of millions of farmers to live a modern life is another great change and will become an important symbol of the new form of human civilization. From now until 2035, in order to make China's rural areas "basically meet the conditions of modern living", it is necessary to promote the development of modern agriculture and fundamentally change the situation of relying on the weather to make a living; it is necessary to adhere to the integrated development of urban and rural areas and smooth the flow of urban and rural factors; it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the construction of rural transportation, energy, residence and public services, so that digital life can come to the countryside and into the house; it is also necessary to continue to build a beautiful environment of "the elm willow shade the back eaves and the peach and plum trees in front of the hall", and retain the tranquility of the pastoral world and the mark of homesickness.
9. Society remains stable for a long time. This is a new long-term goal proposal. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the meeting of the new Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee that after more than 40 years of unremitting efforts in reform and opening up, we have created two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. Social stability is the prerequisite for a country's prosperity. To achieve the goal of modernization construction, there is no way to talk about anything without a stable environment. The lessons of some countries being in social unrest for various reasons and then falling into stagnation of development or even regression are very profound. In its long-term goals, the report emphasizes that maintaining long-term stability in society is not only a successful approach to maintaining stability through development and promoting development through stability, but also an inevitable requirement for effectively responding to major changes unseen in a century. According to the report, we must maintain a good situation of people's living and working in peace and society in a stable and orderly manner through employment, social security, social governance, etc., and promote the continuous release of vitality through stability of order.
10. The national security system and capabilities are comprehensively strengthened. From an economic perspective, my country's finance, energy, food and other fields will continue to have great risks in the next few years, and we must not relax at all times. At the same time, the ideological competition, geopolitical conflicts, etc. have also aggravated the unpredictability of the external environment. Therefore, the report puts forward the "two anytime" judgments in the situation analysis, that is, the suppression and containment from outside may escalate at any time, and various " black swan " and "grey rhino" incidents may occur at any time. Against this background, the report's separate security section for the first time highlights the central government's high attention to coordinated development and security. The report integrates the maintenance of national security into all aspects of the work of the Party and the country. In terms of the system, it mainly strengthens the construction of security guarantee systems such as economy, major infrastructure, finance, network, data, biology, resources, nuclear, and space. In terms of capabilities, it mainly strengthens the construction of security capabilities in key areas such as food, energy resources, and important industrial chains and supply chains. Only by maintaining the bottom line of safety in all aspects can we withstand the major test of high winds and high waves and even stormy waves, and provide solid guarantees for the new development pattern with the new security pattern.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the new journey is an expedition full of glory and dreams. The clear modernization goals of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China carry our common dreams. If we move forward along the path guided by the goals, we will surely create a brighter tomorrow.
Introduction to Dong Yu
Dong Yu, Tsinghua University China Development Planning Institute Executive Vice Dean and Senior Researcher, and Vice Dean of Tsinghua University Regional Development Institute. He has worked in the National Development and Reform Commission and the Office of the Central Financial and Economic Commission, and has served as deputy director of the Second Economic Bureau of the Central Finance and Economics Office. He is one of the main participants in the preparation of China's five-year plan in recent years. He participated in the drafting of important meetings such as the Central Economic Work Conference, the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group and the Central Financial and Economic Commission, the Central Urbanization Work Conference, and the National Financial and Economic Work Conference, and is an official member of the drafting group of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Party. He is deeply involved in the preparation of the national "14th Five-Year Plan" and is a main member of the research group on the basic ideas of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the leader of the national "13th Five-Year Plan" annual evaluation group, and the leader of the third-party evaluation group of the "14th Five-Year Plan" of multiple ministries and commissions.
