. However, after the baby is born, there are too many types of vaccines to be vaccinated.
Why are some vaccines free and some at their own expense? Is there any difference? Is it necessary to get a self-paid vaccine?
In fact, what we often call "class II vaccine" and "self-paid vaccine" refer to "non-immunization planning vaccine".
Immunization Program vaccine is a vaccine provided to citizens for free, and citizens should receive it in accordance with government regulations. In accordance with the provisions of the "Vaccine Management Law of the People's Republic of China", residents living in China enjoy the right to receive immunization program vaccines in accordance with the law and fulfill their obligations to receive immunization program vaccines.
Non-immunization planning vaccine is a vaccine that is vaccinated according to the principle of "self-paid and voluntary". According to local disease epidemics, vaccine supply, etc., local governments with conditions will also consider including some non-immunization program vaccines in the immunization program vaccines, and the government will fund the purchase of vaccines and provide them to residents with free vaccination.
Under the premise that economic conditions allow, babies receive some self-paid vaccines, which can provide babies with more comprehensive protection [1]. In this article, we will talk about the "self-paid" vaccine.
Today, we have selected 7 vaccines for you that you should also pay for your children according to the corresponding factors such as the severity of the disease, incidence rate, and vaccination timing. The following is a detailed description.
(If you don’t want to see the detailed introduction of a single vaccine, you can directly pull it down to the end of the article. We have compiled the key points such as the age and dose time of each vaccination into a table to facilitate you to save it directly to your mobile phone.)
. 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide binding vaccine (PCV 13) : It is necessary to get the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. It is recommended to get the
WHO (WHO) It is recommended to include the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in the Global Children's Immunization Program [2].
In my country, pneumococcal disease is the primary cause of death in children under 5 years old [3].
Moreover, pneumococcal infection may not only lead to pneumonia, but also to severe invasive meningitis, sepsis and other diseases, as well as common diseases such as sinusitis and otitis media.
vaccination with pneumococcal vaccine can greatly reduce the incidence of pneumonia in children under 5 years old. Therefore, it is very necessary to vaccinate your baby with pneumococcal vaccine.
1 vaccination procedure
Recommended procedure is to give one dose of vaccination at the age of February, April and 6 months, and strengthen immunity at the age of 12 to 15 months.
If the vaccination is not possible according to the recommended procedures, the re-inoculation should be re-inoculated as soon as possible according to the following principles:
① Vaccination begins at 1.5 to 6 months of age: has a total of 4 doses of inoculation, with a interval of 1 to 2 months between the 1st and 3rd doses, and 1 dose is strengthened at 12 to 15 months of age, and the interval between the strengthening dose and the 3rd dose is ≥8 weeks.
② Vaccination begins at 7 to 11 months: 5 has a total of 3 doses of inoculation, with 1 to 2 months between the 1st and 2nd doses, and 1 dose of strengthening at 12 to 15 months, with the interval between the strengthening dose and the 3rd dose being ≥8 weeks.
③ Vaccination begins at the age of 1 to 2 years old: has a total of 2 doses of inoculation, with an interval of ≥2 months.
④ Start vaccination at the age of ≥2: 1 dose.
Although as we grow older, the fewer doses required for vaccination are required, the earlier the vaccination, the earlier the protection is obtained, so it is recommended to get early [2].
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. Hib vaccine (Hyobacterium influenzae vaccine) &Five & Quad: 1.5 months of age ~ 5 years old
B type influenzae vaccine, referred to as Hib vaccine, mainly prevents a series of diseases caused by Haeobacterium influenzae infection, such as meningitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, sepsis, etc.
WHO (WHO) recommends that Hib conjugated vaccine be included in all routine infant immunization programs [4].
recommended to start vaccination from 2 months of age, with 1 dose of basal injection per month, a total of 3 doses, and another dose of strengthening at 18 months of age.
If the vaccination cannot be performed according to the recommended procedures, the re-inoculation should be re-inoculated as soon as possible according to the following principles:
① Vaccination begins at 2 to 6 months: has a total of 4 doses of inoculation, with 1 to 2 months between the 1st and 3rd doses being interval 1 to 2 months, 1 dose strengthened at 18 months, and the interval between the strengthening dose and the 3rd dose is ≥8 weeks.
② Vaccination begins at 7 to 11 months: 5 has a total of 3 doses of inoculation, with 1 to 2 months between the 1st and 2nd doses, and 1 dose of strengthening at 12 months, with the interval between the strengthening dose and the 3rd dose being ≥8 weeks.
③ Start vaccination at the age of ≥1: 1 dose.
Of course, Hib vaccine can be replaced by penta vaccine and quadrilateral vaccine.
penta-link vaccine can prevent 5 diseases, replace polio vaccine, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (at your own expense) , a total of 4 doses.
Compared with conventional separate vaccination, the penta vaccine can be administered 8 doses less, reducing the risk of pain and adverse reactions caused by vaccination, and also the risk of cross-infection when going to the hospital.
If the penta vaccine is out of stock, or if the penta vaccine is too expensive, you can also use the "quad-link vaccine + polio vaccine" solution to replace it.
Although this solution is 4 more shots than the penta vaccine, it can also be 4 less shots than conventional separate vaccination.
quadruple vaccine can prevent four diseases, instead of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (at your own expense) .
. Influenza vaccine: 6 months old and once a year
Influenza is a high incidence in autumn and winter, babies have poor immunity, are prone to influenza infection, and even cause serious complications such as viral pneumonia or mixed pneumonia. Injecting vaccine can play a role in protecting the body [5].
At present, the influenza vaccines approved for marketing in my country include: trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3, applicable to 6-35 months of age) and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4, applicable to people ≥3 years of age) .
If the child is over 6 months old, it is best to get the flu vaccine every year. Even during the flu epidemic season or even during the peak of influenza, you should try to get vaccinated to obtain protection.
Children under 6 months of age do not have an influenza vaccine. Therefore, all family members should receive influenza vaccines, establish family protection circles, indirectly protect children, and avoid bringing the virus home to spread to babies.
. EV71 hand, foot and mouth vaccine (EV71 vaccine) : 6 months old ~ 5 years old
China Center for Disease Control and Prevention encourages the completion of the vaccination procedure before the child is 1 year old. The earlier the children are vaccinated, the better the [6].
Hand, foot and mouth disease is characterized by a high incidence. Although most of the symptoms are mild, there are also severe cases, which may lead to death.
According to statistics, more than 70% of severe illnesses and more than 90% of deaths in hand, foot and mouth disease are all related to EV71 (enteric virus type 71) infection.
Vaccination with EV71 can effectively reduce the occurrence of severe symptoms and deaths in hand, foot and mouth disease.
vaccinated does not mean that the baby will not suffer from hand, foot and mouth disease. However, the main cause of hand, foot and mouth disease in children in my country is enterovirus type 71, so the EV71 hand, foot and mouth disease vaccine still has a certain protective effect on babies.
vaccination method
has a total of 2 doses of vaccination. It is recommended to start vaccination at 6 months old, with an interval of ≥1 month. Even if there is no vaccination at 6 months old, 2 doses of vaccination should be completed before the age of 6 months. It is not recommended to receive the EV71 vaccine for children over 5 years old.
. Vaccine for chickenpox: One dose is given from 12 months of age. It is recommended to strengthen 1 dose after 4 years old
chickenpox is a highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract, which is mainly transmitted through droplets, so it is very easy to break out in groups, especially places where babies are highly concentrated, such as nursing homes and kindergartens, and you need to pay more attention to [7].
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children should receive one dose of chickenpox vaccine before entering the hospital [8].
Vaccination with chickenpox vaccine can provide protection for babies. Even if you still get chickenpox after getting vaccinated, the symptoms will be very mild.
Inoculation method
in total, and it is generally recommended to take 1 dose at the age of 12 to 15 months and 4 to 6 years old.
Some areas may have different procedures according to local disease epidemic situation and epidemic prevention needs, but as long as you get vaccinated with chickenpox vaccine according to local requirements, it is safe and effective.
. Oral Rotavirus vaccine: Start vaccination at 2 months old
Rotavirus is the main cause of severe dehydrated diarrhea in children under 5 years old worldwide. Rotavirus infectious diarrhea is the second cause of emergency and death in infants and young children (except respiratory infections) .
WHO strongly recommends that rotavirus vaccine be included in the National Immunization Program [9].
Currently there are two main rotavirus vaccines that can be selected:
unit price Rotarix (Rottway) Vaccine: or more years old, 1 dose per year, up to 4 doses.
-valent Rotateq (round stop) : Recommended one dose each at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months of age. The first dose can be taken orally at the earliest 1.5 months of age.
. Human papillomavirus
(HPV vaccine) : Girls over 9 years old get
Because the last shot of the free vaccine is when the child is about 6 years old, many parents mistakenly think that if they are over 6 years old, their children do not need to get any more vaccination.
In fact, for girls over 6 years old, in addition to influenza vaccine, it is also very important to get HPV vaccine in time!
HPV vaccine can prevent cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, anal cancer and other diseases caused by HPV infection. This vaccine needs to be arranged when the girl is 9 years old. The earlier the vaccination, the better the immunization effect, the better [10].
If you think the above seven vaccinations are too troublesome and don’t know how to arrange them, we have sorted out the vaccination procedures for these seven types of vaccinations into a table. (Press and hold the picture long to save it to your phone.)
(click to enlarge and view)
In addition to the above, the self-paid vaccine also includes the following types. You can also choose to vaccinate according to the child's condition:
① Hepatitis A inactivated vaccine: 8-month-old replacement of Hepatitis A live attenuated vaccine, which has better immunogenicity and longer protection time. One dose can be administered at 12 months and 18 months.
② Inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine: replaces live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, suitable for children with contraindications in live vaccines, and requires 4 doses of vaccination.
③ Bivalent meningitis binding vaccine: months old replaces group A meningitis polysaccharide vaccine, which has a more comprehensive protection and better induce immune memory.
④ Quadrivalised meningitis polysaccharide vaccine: replaces the bivalent meningitis polysaccharide vaccine for 3 and 6 years old, and has more comprehensive protection.
⑤ 23-valent pneumonia polysaccharide vaccine: is suitable for high-risk children, such as functional or anatomical aspelvic, cochlear transplantation, etc.
Of course, parents may still have many questions about vaccination:
- Vaccines are intensive in the first 6 months of the birth of a child. When it is really impossible to finish the vaccine, what are the priority given?
- After the first shot, the vaccine is out of stock. Can you exchange for other vaccines?
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Scientific review:
Wang Cuiling
Chief Physician of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital,
Jiang Shiqiang
Director of Immunization Planning Department, Shenzhen Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,
