The use of poetry rhymes is a very common phenomenon in ancient Chinese novels. Perhaps because it is "very common", researchers often ignore or pay close attention to it, and the same is true for the study of the novel "Jin Ping Mei Cihua".
Novels use a lot of poetry and rhymes, which is not only an important feature of ancient Chinese novels, but also has a deep cultural origin, but also reflects the strong national character of ancient Chinese novels.
The important cultural phenomenon of the nationality of poetry rhyme in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" has permeated the spiritual bloodline of Chinese culture, especially ancient Chinese literature. Although its appearance only belongs to the category of art form, its aesthetic significance has far exceeded literature itself. With its distinctive personality characteristics, a strong nationality presentation has occupied a certain position in the history of world literature and academic history.
Wanli version "Jin Ping Mei Cihua"
(I)
The reason why I chose "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" to describe this issue is naturally because the novel is quite representative.
is different from novels such as " Water Margin HTML " and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" that are mainly based on the Song and Yuan sings episodes . The book "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is more incorporating the independent creation factors of literati. Although the whole article also has many storylines, languages, and even poetry rhymes that are inseparable from the Song and Yuan slogans, in general, they are used as creative materials or artistic borrowings to enter the novel.
At least so far, we have not seen any records of the three-character title of the "Jin Ping Mei" in the remaining historical documents, and there seem to be many poems and verses in this literary classic, and has rhymes before each chapter. [i]
According to preliminary statistics of the Taiping Bookstore version of the photocopy of "The Complete Book of Jin Ping Mei Ci" published in Hong Kong in August 1982, among the more than 2 million words in the book, other rhymes are not included for the time being. There are more than 360 poems for
[ii], there are at least 240 poems for citing and modifying the poems of previous generations [iii], and there are more than 100 poems for Sanqu . For this reason, the rhymes of the poems and verses that appear in this novel are by no means dispensable, they are just very important.
What is the important role of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" embedding a large number of poems and rhymes?
Lu Xun said: "The author's true feelings to the world are very clear. Everything described is smooth, twists and turns, or carved and full of appearance, or hidden and ridiculed, or written on both sides at once to make them look in the same way. The changing feelings are visible, and at the same time, there is nothing above." [iv]
"Jin Ping Mei Poetry"
htt ml1, especially , literals of poetry rhymes. The tone, tone, expression, and movements of the characters are vivid, and the psychology and personality of the characters are also vividly expressed vividly.
is presented to readers in a strong intuitive form. has important literary functions such as "expressing the hidden inner feelings of the characters, promoting plot development, concealing the relationships and destiny of the characters, and setting off the atmosphere" [v].
In this regard, I think there are at least four aspects that should be paid attention to, for example:
(1) reveals the theme
In the sixtieth chapter, a seven-character poem describing Li Pinger's life on the sickbed:
Filament crescent moon shines on the silver screen, and people are in the secluded boudoir and want to break their souls.
More regretful and romantic inadequate, you must know that love is sorrow and hatred!
"Desire to break the soul" sentence expresses Li Ping'er's inner sorrow, and the last two sentences are a true portrayal of her life, directly pointing out the theme of "encouraging people to quit desires".
Another example is the last poem in Chapter 100:
I was thinking about it when I read the suicide note, but who knew that there was a cycle of heaven.
Ximen is unable to survive, and his economy is in a state of chaos.
st floor, goodness will eventually lead to a long life, and the bottle of plum blossoms will return to the spring early.
can blame the golden lotus for being revenged, and it has been slandered for thousands of years.
This poem is an overview of the theme of the novel. It summarizes the fates of major characters such as Ximen Qing , Chen Jinjin, Meng Yulou , Wu Yueniang , Li Ping'er, Pang Chunmei, Pan Jinlian :
The desires of men and women are human instincts, but more desires and less affection, use desires to mess up etiquette, and use desires to make money, are the ending of indulging in desires and losing one by one.
directly indicates the attitude of abstaining from lust and abstinence [vi], and teaches people to think rationally about the joy of men and women.
Ancient literary masterpiece "Jin Ping Mei" Stamp (small sheet)
(2)Cartoon characters
Chapter 49 writes Ximen celebrates a banquet for the Censor Cai, and then stays him overnight and comes to the Jade Pawn:
I saw two singing dressed up, standing at the steps, and banging their heads forward. When Censor Cai saw that he wanted to advance but could not retreat, he said, "Siquan, how can you be so kind of love? I am afraid you can't do it."
Ximen Qing smiled and said, "What's different from the trip to the East Mountain in the past?" Censor Cai said, "I'm afraid I am not as talented as An Shi, but you are as talented as Wang Youjun."
So under the moon, he joined hands with the two prostitutes, as if Liu Ruan entered the rooftop. When I entered the pavilion, I saw that the cultural relics were still there, so I wanted to leave a title for me to give it to me because I asked for paper and pen. Ximen Qing ordered the letter to the boy and quickly brushed the ink of Duanxi inkstone and brushed the brocade paper.
This Yushi Cai was finally the top scholar. He picked up the pen in his hand, and his writing was not added. His words were as follows: he could write a poem with a dragon and a snake. The poem says:
less than half a year in your house, and the cultural relics in the Xuanxuan are still vague.
tcl1tcl1tcl1shuo Shutong opens the medicine garden, and the wind returns to the fairy step on the flower platform.
mw 1 Drinking is about to get drunk, and the poem is even more urged when it is finished.
This is a new look. I don’t know when I will come back.
This poem "writes all the two sides", fully expressing the elegant and humble heart without showing its expression. The characters are portrayed in a wonderful and vivid way, and the characters are full of vividness and vividness.
Also, a parallel prose in the twelfth chapter of the novel , which makes the gangs willing to sell their personal dignity and get the ugly appearance of being left behind, depicting the exhausted appearance:
But see: Everyone moves their mouths, and everyone bows their heads. The sky and the sun are reflected, like locusts coming together; the eyes are squeezing, as if they are only shot out after being hungry.
This is a stake in the wind, like seeing wine and dishes at the end of the year: the two chopsticks will never meet the banquet and the table. One of his face was sweating, as if he had a grudge against the chicken bones; the other was smearing the lips, spitting the pig's fur. When eating a slice, the cup and plate are in a mess; when eating for a long time, the chopsticks are everywhere.
cup plate is messy, like washing it smoothly; chopsticks are vertical and horizontal, like polishing it clean. This one is called "Marson of the King of Food" and the other one is called "General Jingpan".
wine pot is dried and refilled, and the dishes are gone.
is exactly: all kinds of delicious foods are gone, and they are indeed sent to the Five Insect Temple. The embedding of parallel prose, a group of helpless people who rely on to gain power and wealthy and flattery, and the essence of the greed is vividly revealed on the paper, the characters are complete and clear, profound and realistic.
Dai Dunbang painted by Ximen Qing and became accustomed to the ten brothers
(3) development plot
such as A poem in the first chapter of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua":
0 miles of red clouds, and auspicious curtains are floating in the sky. The jade flowers dance on the front eaves. , Yanxi At this moment, Ziyou ship was stagnant. In an instant, the towers and towers were overwhelmed, and the country was connected in silver. Flying salt and flour spread throughout the sky. At that time, , Lu Mengzheng, , and sighed that there was no money in the kiln.
The author used the metaphor of "auspiciousness" and "euntain flowers" to vividly outline a snowy picture covered with snow.
Under the beautiful scenery, the novel uses the allusion from "New Words of the World·Ren Dan" to set off Pan Jinlian's Wu Song " to choose " "Fallen flowers are intentional, flowing water is ruthless" [viii].
has feelings and scenes, and the scenes are blended together. promotes the development of the storyline. For example, a seven-character poem in Chapter 13:
Black rabbit is busy as if it is an arrow, and the festival on earth is the Double Ninth Festival.
Thousands of mangrove trees make up autumn colors, and the three-diameter yellow flowers exude strange fragrance.
m3I don’t see the black hater climbing, but I still want to hold the wine and the silk lady.
embroidered curtains look at each other privately, and from then on, they never forget their kindness.
This describes the situation where Hua Zixu invited Ximen Qing, Yingbin and other "ten brothers" to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival night at home. The "thinking" in the poem "
Meaning of Ximen Qing's "beautiful thought" Li Ping'er. The last couplet expresses the subtle emotions of the two people secretly sniffing into the embroidered curtain, endless affection and endless thoughts.
is embedded in this seven-character poem, which is a masterpiece, and has effectively promoted the development of the novel plot and laid the foundation for Li Ping'er's future "secret agreement between the wall". [ix]
Dai Dunbangpai·Li Pinger
(4) The environment or atmosphere of
A large number of opera jokes interspersed in the middle, which is a very important part of " Jin Ping Mei Cihua". It plays an important role in setting off the inner world of characters, and promotes the development of storylines and characters' personalities. [x]
Like the 38th chapter of the novel, Jinlian guards the empty room every day, "The jade quilt is cold, the lotus tent is cold", a song "Two offensives to the River Water", singing while playing, sighing loneliness:
Back the curtain, and fall asleep with Yi Qiang. I heard the sound of iron horses on the eaves of the house, and I could only hear the sound of Ximen Qing knocking on the door knocker, so I quickly asked Chunmei to take a look. Chunmei replied, "Mom, I'm wrong, it's the wind blowing outside and the snow falls."
The woman sang again:
Listen to the sound of the wind, the snow sprinkled in the window, and let the ice flowers float. Once the lights were gone, I wanted to wait to get rid of it. Seeing that Ximen Qing was not coming, I felt lazy and moved again.
sings: Lazy to pick up the treasure lamp, and lazy to burn the fragrant seal. I have to live tonight, and I am afraid of the Ming Dynasty. Think carefully, when will this trouble be? Thinking about it, my heart is intoxicated tonight, which has ruined my youth! The person you left behind has come, but there are no lower ones.
…sing again: Grievance and abandonment, separation and sorrow are annoying.
……… I sang again: I feel itchy and painful, and I am so worried that I am sore. Let the sweet peaches go to sour jujube . I misunderstood your fixed-pan star. When I think about it, my heart is worried, which has ruined my youth. The person you left behind has come, but there are no lower ones.
Environment description plays an important role in creating the atmosphere and setting off the character's mood.
Novel selects a specific environment: outdoors with "wind and snow fluttering", indoors with " midnight lonely lamp", "the lights are gone" on the table, "the jade quilt is cold" and "the lotus tent is cold" on the bed [xi],
and through the singing of opera, highlighting the sad "cold" of Pan "the shape of a single " deep in the heart of the golden lotus, a spiritual "cold" that is even more intense than outdoors! The tragic and beautiful singing of
makes the image of Pan Jinlian suddenly plump , and gives the novel infinite charm.
and so on, countless.
Only in the above examples we can see that the large number of poems and verses embedded in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" are an important part of the novel and the crystallization of the author's careful operation when he conceived.
There is no doubt about the importance of its artistic role in the novel.
"Jin Ping Mei" illustration
(II)
As mentioned earlier, the use of poetry and verses in works is an important phenomenon in ancient Chinese novels, not only in "Jin Mei Mei Cihua", but also in his previous "Water Margin", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", etc., and the same is true in the subsequent "Journey to the West", " Scholars " and "Red Hu Meng".
What is more striking is that ancient Chinese novels are not only novels, but also a large number of short stories have the same characteristics.
shows that this important phenomenon has become a specific literary expression of my country's traditional culture. It is rooted in the soil of the Chinese nation and has deep cultural origins.
Poetry rhyme is the source and main form of Chinese literature. It plays an important role in Chinese culture. It carries the important task of inheriting and developing Chinese civilization and has become the blood of national culture and is full of the world.
In terms of poetry, there are all figures from singing to eliminating labor fatigue to dancing companions and the needs of palace entertainment.
People even use it as a cultural classic, and compiled the 305 poems left in society into books in the name of "Classic".
Since the proposition of "poetry expresses one's aspirations" proposed in the "Politics Preface", "poetry" has become a weapon to express various ideas in the eyes of rulers and literati of all dynasties.
Qu Yuan Use it to express the anger when patriotic worries, Cao Cao Use it to express the ambition of the old horse, and the wise men who live in the bamboo forest also use poetry to sing their anger towards society, until the appearance of Tao Yuanming , using it as a ticket to escape to the Peach Blossom Land in Nanshan.
To Tang Dynasty , "poetry" has developed into the peak of literature and the main art form.
The rulers used it to attract talents, and literati regarded it as the "stepbrake" of a happy life. The waves of poetry are rolling, and the people are excited.
Chen Dongyou "Analysis of the Poetry Culture of Jin Ping Mei"
is called " Poetry Yu ", which is the continuation and development of poetry creation. Based on the enjoyable life of the court of the Tang Five Dynasties, it has developed into a glorious chapter of "fate love". After being polished by Wen Tingyun, Li Yu , Liu Yong , Su Shi , Li Qingzhao , Xin Qiji , and Wu Wenying, it has become a cultural carrier that people are in love with.
The subsequent sanguages and even operas all had a very close stylistic connection with them. As a category of poetry, rhyme verses have also developed rapidly from entertainment at the same time.
All of these have created the most basic conditions for the novel to use the rhyme of poetry and verses in a large number.
From the perspective of the development of the novel itself, it was formed on the basis of the Tang Dynasty's change of literature.
It is true that what was first called "novels" in the literature may have happened earlier, but they are only street talks and languages in the city and the villages, and lack real stylistic meaning.
Even if these "novels" are compiled by people, most of them are just a few words. From the perspective of the meaning of modern novels, it is obviously a considerable distance from the novels defined today.
is only the Tang Dynasty change text , which is popular literature. Monks tell it vividly and vividly for propaganda, and often use the method of chanting rhyme.
The Buddhas they tell of have both plots and characters in the story of this life, and are full of subjective ideas, the fiction of the romantic world, and the imagination of the ideal world, all lay the foundation for the formation of the novel.
These "changes" that occurred in temples in the Tang Dynasty are the source of Chinese vernacular novels, and they draw a clear line with some notes called " classical Chinese novel ".
It is also for this reason that it had a profound impact on the development of vernacular novels in later generations, especially in the form of novels. This popular linguistic style directly laid an important artistic foundation for the prosperity of Song and Yuan novels.
Ming Dynasty rap pictures
to the late Ming Dynasty when "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" was born, it was the peak period of the development of Chinese novels.
Before it, famous novels such as "Water Margin" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" have been released. Almost at the same time or later, there are "Journey to the West" and " The Romance of the Gods " and a large number of novels of talented men and beautiful women.
In terms of vernacular short stories, there are also a large number of works such as "three words and two shots" and " Happy Enemies ", one after another, forming a spectacular development scene in the literary world from time to time.
All these vernacular novels are developed based on the novels of the Song and Yuan dynasties. The vernacular novels of the Song and Yuan dynasties, also known as vernacular novels, are mainly characterized by a kind of singing literature.
The book we said refers to a literary background for the speakers at that time when they told various fresh and interesting stories to the public, and is specially used by artists when they speak and perform. A basic feature of a story novel like
is speaking, which is similar to the common storytelling artists in teahouses or other performance venues today.
Artists of in the Song and Yuan dynasties tell a story while singing during their performances.
When "talking", they use narrative styles to objectively tell or comment on various storylines in the novel in the role of a third party or spokesperson, and after telling a certain plot, they must chant. The chanting like
must be rhymed according to Chinese traditional culture . The lyrics and rhymes in it are recorded in words, which are the rhymes mentioned in this article.
embroidered image book and lyrics
"Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is of course not a verbal novel, nor is it a literary background for speaking artists to create oral performances. It is a literary masterpiece independently completed by literati in the Wanli era. Who is the creator of
? Due to the lack of historical documents, it is still difficult for us to determine. However, judging from the nearly 60 candidates proposed by the academic community, they were all famous scholars or knowledgeable cultural people in society at that time.
such as Wang Shizhen , Xu Wei , Tu Long , etc., are all a group of famous writers. They are social elites and can enter the court as officials. Of course, there is no problem in writing poetry and songs.
is in the atmosphere of the era where novels and popular popular literature . They can also come into contact with a large number of folk literature, such as novels and story books, and the well-known Feng Menglong and Ling Mengchu are such characters.
The author of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" has completed this excellent novel based on extensively absorbing various literatures created by his predecessors and comprehensively writing with his personal academic knowledge.
In this creative process, he not only had the ability to write poetry and rhymes, but also borrowed from some novel rap literary models that were popular in the Song and Yuan dynasties and the early and mid-Ming Dynasty, thus completing the writing of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua".
From this point of view, the extensive use of poetry and verses in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is not the author's whim, but the accumulation of profound spiritual ties of Chinese culture, and its long-standing cultural origins are clearly found.
Boat sail translation commentary "Selected Poems of Jin Ping Mei"
(III)
Regarding the national nature of literature, With my limited understanding, it is not easy to explain this issue clearly. Common sense tells us that the so-called nationality of literature is essentially the personality of literature.
However, such personality has the characteristics of the ethnic collective, which is the group personality of the nation, that is, the unique thoughts, sentiments, habits and behaviors of a nation. This common psychological quality in national cultural characteristics is accumulated in the long river of history.The main characteristics of nationality in literature, which are presented in content and form, can be fully demonstrated at the two inseparable levels. The two and their various factors are unified and integrated and different from the overall personality of other nations. [xii]
A literary work has a clearer national characteristics and more mature expression techniques, and the more nationality it is.
That is to say, the more distinctive and mature the national characteristics of literary works, the more nationality it is. Because literature is a category of art, it belongs to social ideology ,
It uses language and words to shape characters, reflect social life, and express the thoughts and feelings of the writer. It has a direct influence on the language, psychological state, cultural traditions, etc. of the nation.
For the novel discussed in this article, the important cultural phenomenon of the use of poetry rhyme in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua", obviously cannot be described by one of the artistic expression techniques.
instead permeates the spiritual bloodline of Chinese culture, especially ancient Chinese literature. Although its appearance only belongs to the category of art forms, its aesthetic significance has far exceeded the literature itself.
Chapter Peiheng and Luo Yuming Editor-in-chief "History of Chinese Literature"
When we compare it with ancient Western novels, we will find that this cultural phenomenon is undoubtedly unique to ancient Chinese novels, or a literary work with " Chinese characteristics ". This is what people often call the national nature of literature. Let’s give examples here.
"Jin Ping Mei Ci Talks" second chapter "Ximen Qing Meets Jinlian under the curtain, and Mrs. Wang talks about the style of greed for bribes". The novel tells the story of the male protagonist Ximen Qing being impressed by her beauty when she first met Pan Jinlian. This is also the heroine's first appearance.
The novel describes its appearance with very distinctive characteristics. The "dressing" is expressed in the poem:
wears a black and oily hair mane bun on his head, and a golden hair on his mouth. A fragrant cloud is creeping out from one path. The small hairpins are inserted around them, the temples are inserted diagonally, and the head is covered with flowers, and the is arranged in and then combs the child.
difficult to draw the willow leaves of Baziwan Bay, which are lined with two peach blossoms on their cheeks. Linglong Pendant is the most praiseworthy, and the dewy vegetable and jade breasts are priceless. The big sleeved shirt with a wool green cloth, the pleats are short and the Hunan skirt is grinded with silk and silk gauze.
Flower sweat towel, with thorns on the sleeves, hanging low around the scent bag, heavy buttons on the strapless chest, and dirty legs of the trouser legs drooping down. Looking down, the golden lotus feet are sharp, the clouds are clever and the mountain teeth are clever, the old crow shoes are white silk, and the steps are fragrant and dust are set against the top of the steps.
red gauze knee trousers buckle the oriole flowers, and the wind blows the skirt while walking. The mouth often spurts strange orchids, and the cherry blossoms are smiling. When people see it, they are scattered and show off their own enemies. The rhyme of
is written in Ximen Qing's eyes, which is written from head to toe, including the ornaments worn by her. It is vivid in my mind. It can be seen that Ximen Qing's observation is meticulous, which can also reveal the character of the character.
Because Ximen Qing was so amazed when he saw Pan Jinlian, he suddenly became evil, so he observed her very carefully, and kept her in his heart one by one, and even wanted to swallow her in one bite.
There is no doubt that the use of this passage of rhyme is very vivid in portraying the character traits of Ximen Qing and Pan Jinlian.
【French】Written by Stendha by Luo Yujun
Shanghai Translation Publishing House 1979 French literary masterpiece "Red and Black" translated by Luo Yujun, published in 21979. It also describes the heroine of the novel, the mayor's wife De ·Mrs. Ruina's appearance. This is the clear impression she left when she first appeared:
She is a graceful young woman, full and well-rounded, upright and beautiful. When she was young, everyone in the village who used to be a local beauty said so. She has a kind of pure and simple demeanor. And it is as beautiful as a girl. The use of poetry rhymes is a very common phenomenon in ancient Chinese novels. Perhaps because it is "very common", researchers often ignore or pay close attention to it, and the same is true for the study of the novel "Jin Ping Mei Cihua". Novels use a lot of poetry and rhymes, which is not only an important feature of ancient Chinese novels, but also has a deep cultural origin, but also reflects the strong national character of ancient Chinese novels. The important cultural phenomenon of the nationality of poetry rhyme in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" has permeated the spiritual bloodline of Chinese culture, especially ancient Chinese literature. Although its appearance only belongs to the category of art form, its aesthetic significance has far exceeded literature itself. With its distinctive personality characteristics, a strong nationality presentation has occupied a certain position in the history of world literature and academic history. Wanli version "Jin Ping Mei Cihua"
(I)
The reason why I chose "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" to describe this issue is naturally because the novel is quite representative.
is different from novels such as " Water Margin HTML " and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" that are mainly based on the Song and Yuan sings episodes . The book "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is more incorporating the independent creation factors of literati. Although the whole article also has many storylines, languages, and even poetry rhymes that are inseparable from the Song and Yuan slogans, in general, they are used as creative materials or artistic borrowings to enter the novel.
At least so far, we have not seen any records of the three-character title of the "Jin Ping Mei" in the remaining historical documents, and there seem to be many poems and verses in this literary classic, and has rhymes before each chapter. [i]
According to preliminary statistics of the Taiping Bookstore version of the photocopy of "The Complete Book of Jin Ping Mei Ci" published in Hong Kong in August 1982, among the more than 2 million words in the book, other rhymes are not included for the time being. There are more than 360 poems for
[ii], there are at least 240 poems for citing and modifying the poems of previous generations [iii], and there are more than 100 poems for Sanqu . For this reason, the rhymes of the poems and verses that appear in this novel are by no means dispensable, they are just very important.
What is the important role of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" embedding a large number of poems and rhymes?
Lu Xun said: "The author's true feelings to the world are very clear. Everything described is smooth, twists and turns, or carved and full of appearance, or hidden and ridiculed, or written on both sides at once to make them look in the same way. The changing feelings are visible, and at the same time, there is nothing above." [iv]
"Jin Ping Mei Poetry"
htt ml1, especially , literals of poetry rhymes. The tone, tone, expression, and movements of the characters are vivid, and the psychology and personality of the characters are also vividly expressed vividly.
is presented to readers in a strong intuitive form. has important literary functions such as "expressing the hidden inner feelings of the characters, promoting plot development, concealing the relationships and destiny of the characters, and setting off the atmosphere" [v].
In this regard, I think there are at least four aspects that should be paid attention to, for example:
(1) reveals the theme
In the sixtieth chapter, a seven-character poem describing Li Pinger's life on the sickbed:
Filament crescent moon shines on the silver screen, and people are in the secluded boudoir and want to break their souls.
More regretful and romantic inadequate, you must know that love is sorrow and hatred!
"Desire to break the soul" sentence expresses Li Ping'er's inner sorrow, and the last two sentences are a true portrayal of her life, directly pointing out the theme of "encouraging people to quit desires".
Another example is the last poem in Chapter 100:
I was thinking about it when I read the suicide note, but who knew that there was a cycle of heaven.
Ximen is unable to survive, and his economy is in a state of chaos.
st floor, goodness will eventually lead to a long life, and the bottle of plum blossoms will return to the spring early.
can blame the golden lotus for being revenged, and it has been slandered for thousands of years.
This poem is an overview of the theme of the novel. It summarizes the fates of major characters such as Ximen Qing , Chen Jinjin, Meng Yulou , Wu Yueniang , Li Ping'er, Pang Chunmei, Pan Jinlian :
The desires of men and women are human instincts, but more desires and less affection, use desires to mess up etiquette, and use desires to make money, are the ending of indulging in desires and losing one by one.
directly indicates the attitude of abstaining from lust and abstinence [vi], and teaches people to think rationally about the joy of men and women.
Ancient literary masterpiece "Jin Ping Mei" Stamp (small sheet)
(2)Cartoon characters
Chapter 49 writes Ximen celebrates a banquet for the Censor Cai, and then stays him overnight and comes to the Jade Pawn:
I saw two singing dressed up, standing at the steps, and banging their heads forward. When Censor Cai saw that he wanted to advance but could not retreat, he said, "Siquan, how can you be so kind of love? I am afraid you can't do it."
Ximen Qing smiled and said, "What's different from the trip to the East Mountain in the past?" Censor Cai said, "I'm afraid I am not as talented as An Shi, but you are as talented as Wang Youjun."
So under the moon, he joined hands with the two prostitutes, as if Liu Ruan entered the rooftop. When I entered the pavilion, I saw that the cultural relics were still there, so I wanted to leave a title for me to give it to me because I asked for paper and pen. Ximen Qing ordered the letter to the boy and quickly brushed the ink of Duanxi inkstone and brushed the brocade paper.
This Yushi Cai was finally the top scholar. He picked up the pen in his hand, and his writing was not added. His words were as follows: he could write a poem with a dragon and a snake. The poem says:
less than half a year in your house, and the cultural relics in the Xuanxuan are still vague.
tcl1tcl1tcl1shuo Shutong opens the medicine garden, and the wind returns to the fairy step on the flower platform.
mw 1 Drinking is about to get drunk, and the poem is even more urged when it is finished.
This is a new look. I don’t know when I will come back.
This poem "writes all the two sides", fully expressing the elegant and humble heart without showing its expression. The characters are portrayed in a wonderful and vivid way, and the characters are full of vividness and vividness.
Also, a parallel prose in the twelfth chapter of the novel , which makes the gangs willing to sell their personal dignity and get the ugly appearance of being left behind, depicting the exhausted appearance:
But see: Everyone moves their mouths, and everyone bows their heads. The sky and the sun are reflected, like locusts coming together; the eyes are squeezing, as if they are only shot out after being hungry.
This is a stake in the wind, like seeing wine and dishes at the end of the year: the two chopsticks will never meet the banquet and the table. One of his face was sweating, as if he had a grudge against the chicken bones; the other was smearing the lips, spitting the pig's fur. When eating a slice, the cup and plate are in a mess; when eating for a long time, the chopsticks are everywhere.
cup plate is messy, like washing it smoothly; chopsticks are vertical and horizontal, like polishing it clean. This one is called "Marson of the King of Food" and the other one is called "General Jingpan".
wine pot is dried and refilled, and the dishes are gone.
is exactly: all kinds of delicious foods are gone, and they are indeed sent to the Five Insect Temple. The embedding of parallel prose, a group of helpless people who rely on to gain power and wealthy and flattery, and the essence of the greed is vividly revealed on the paper, the characters are complete and clear, profound and realistic.
Dai Dunbang painted by Ximen Qing and became accustomed to the ten brothers
(3) development plot
such as A poem in the first chapter of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua":
0 miles of red clouds, and auspicious curtains are floating in the sky. The jade flowers dance on the front eaves. , Yanxi At this moment, Ziyou ship was stagnant. In an instant, the towers and towers were overwhelmed, and the country was connected in silver. Flying salt and flour spread throughout the sky. At that time, , Lu Mengzheng, , and sighed that there was no money in the kiln.
The author used the metaphor of "auspiciousness" and "euntain flowers" to vividly outline a snowy picture covered with snow.
Under the beautiful scenery, the novel uses the allusion from "New Words of the World·Ren Dan" to set off Pan Jinlian's Wu Song " to choose " "Fallen flowers are intentional, flowing water is ruthless" [viii].
has feelings and scenes, and the scenes are blended together. promotes the development of the storyline. For example, a seven-character poem in Chapter 13:
Black rabbit is busy as if it is an arrow, and the festival on earth is the Double Ninth Festival.
Thousands of mangrove trees make up autumn colors, and the three-diameter yellow flowers exude strange fragrance.
m3I don’t see the black hater climbing, but I still want to hold the wine and the silk lady.
embroidered curtains look at each other privately, and from then on, they never forget their kindness.
This describes the situation where Hua Zixu invited Ximen Qing, Yingbin and other "ten brothers" to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival night at home. The "thinking" in the poem "
Meaning of Ximen Qing's "beautiful thought" Li Ping'er. The last couplet expresses the subtle emotions of the two people secretly sniffing into the embroidered curtain, endless affection and endless thoughts.
is embedded in this seven-character poem, which is a masterpiece, and has effectively promoted the development of the novel plot and laid the foundation for Li Ping'er's future "secret agreement between the wall". [ix]
Dai Dunbangpai·Li Pinger
(4) The environment or atmosphere of
A large number of opera jokes interspersed in the middle, which is a very important part of " Jin Ping Mei Cihua". It plays an important role in setting off the inner world of characters, and promotes the development of storylines and characters' personalities. [x]
Like the 38th chapter of the novel, Jinlian guards the empty room every day, "The jade quilt is cold, the lotus tent is cold", a song "Two offensives to the River Water", singing while playing, sighing loneliness:
Back the curtain, and fall asleep with Yi Qiang. I heard the sound of iron horses on the eaves of the house, and I could only hear the sound of Ximen Qing knocking on the door knocker, so I quickly asked Chunmei to take a look. Chunmei replied, "Mom, I'm wrong, it's the wind blowing outside and the snow falls."
The woman sang again:
Listen to the sound of the wind, the snow sprinkled in the window, and let the ice flowers float. Once the lights were gone, I wanted to wait to get rid of it. Seeing that Ximen Qing was not coming, I felt lazy and moved again.
sings: Lazy to pick up the treasure lamp, and lazy to burn the fragrant seal. I have to live tonight, and I am afraid of the Ming Dynasty. Think carefully, when will this trouble be? Thinking about it, my heart is intoxicated tonight, which has ruined my youth! The person you left behind has come, but there are no lower ones.
…sing again: Grievance and abandonment, separation and sorrow are annoying.
……… I sang again: I feel itchy and painful, and I am so worried that I am sore. Let the sweet peaches go to sour jujube . I misunderstood your fixed-pan star. When I think about it, my heart is worried, which has ruined my youth. The person you left behind has come, but there are no lower ones.
Environment description plays an important role in creating the atmosphere and setting off the character's mood.
Novel selects a specific environment: outdoors with "wind and snow fluttering", indoors with " midnight lonely lamp", "the lights are gone" on the table, "the jade quilt is cold" and "the lotus tent is cold" on the bed [xi],
and through the singing of opera, highlighting the sad "cold" of Pan "the shape of a single " deep in the heart of the golden lotus, a spiritual "cold" that is even more intense than outdoors! The tragic and beautiful singing of
makes the image of Pan Jinlian suddenly plump , and gives the novel infinite charm.
and so on, countless.
Only in the above examples we can see that the large number of poems and verses embedded in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" are an important part of the novel and the crystallization of the author's careful operation when he conceived.
There is no doubt about the importance of its artistic role in the novel.
"Jin Ping Mei" illustration
(II)
As mentioned earlier, the use of poetry and verses in works is an important phenomenon in ancient Chinese novels, not only in "Jin Mei Mei Cihua", but also in his previous "Water Margin", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", etc., and the same is true in the subsequent "Journey to the West", " Scholars " and "Red Hu Meng".
What is more striking is that ancient Chinese novels are not only novels, but also a large number of short stories have the same characteristics.
shows that this important phenomenon has become a specific literary expression of my country's traditional culture. It is rooted in the soil of the Chinese nation and has deep cultural origins.
Poetry rhyme is the source and main form of Chinese literature. It plays an important role in Chinese culture. It carries the important task of inheriting and developing Chinese civilization and has become the blood of national culture and is full of the world.
In terms of poetry, there are all figures from singing to eliminating labor fatigue to dancing companions and the needs of palace entertainment.
People even use it as a cultural classic, and compiled the 305 poems left in society into books in the name of "Classic".
Since the proposition of "poetry expresses one's aspirations" proposed in the "Politics Preface", "poetry" has become a weapon to express various ideas in the eyes of rulers and literati of all dynasties.
Qu Yuan Use it to express the anger when patriotic worries, Cao Cao Use it to express the ambition of the old horse, and the wise men who live in the bamboo forest also use poetry to sing their anger towards society, until the appearance of Tao Yuanming , using it as a ticket to escape to the Peach Blossom Land in Nanshan.
To Tang Dynasty , "poetry" has developed into the peak of literature and the main art form.
The rulers used it to attract talents, and literati regarded it as the "stepbrake" of a happy life. The waves of poetry are rolling, and the people are excited.
Chen Dongyou "Analysis of the Poetry Culture of Jin Ping Mei"
is called " Poetry Yu ", which is the continuation and development of poetry creation. Based on the enjoyable life of the court of the Tang Five Dynasties, it has developed into a glorious chapter of "fate love". After being polished by Wen Tingyun, Li Yu , Liu Yong , Su Shi , Li Qingzhao , Xin Qiji , and Wu Wenying, it has become a cultural carrier that people are in love with.
The subsequent sanguages and even operas all had a very close stylistic connection with them. As a category of poetry, rhyme verses have also developed rapidly from entertainment at the same time.
All of these have created the most basic conditions for the novel to use the rhyme of poetry and verses in a large number.
From the perspective of the development of the novel itself, it was formed on the basis of the Tang Dynasty's change of literature.
It is true that what was first called "novels" in the literature may have happened earlier, but they are only street talks and languages in the city and the villages, and lack real stylistic meaning.
Even if these "novels" are compiled by people, most of them are just a few words. From the perspective of the meaning of modern novels, it is obviously a considerable distance from the novels defined today.
is only the Tang Dynasty change text , which is popular literature. Monks tell it vividly and vividly for propaganda, and often use the method of chanting rhyme.
The Buddhas they tell of have both plots and characters in the story of this life, and are full of subjective ideas, the fiction of the romantic world, and the imagination of the ideal world, all lay the foundation for the formation of the novel.
These "changes" that occurred in temples in the Tang Dynasty are the source of Chinese vernacular novels, and they draw a clear line with some notes called " classical Chinese novel ".
It is also for this reason that it had a profound impact on the development of vernacular novels in later generations, especially in the form of novels. This popular linguistic style directly laid an important artistic foundation for the prosperity of Song and Yuan novels.
Ming Dynasty rap pictures
to the late Ming Dynasty when "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" was born, it was the peak period of the development of Chinese novels.
Before it, famous novels such as "Water Margin" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" have been released. Almost at the same time or later, there are "Journey to the West" and " The Romance of the Gods " and a large number of novels of talented men and beautiful women.
In terms of vernacular short stories, there are also a large number of works such as "three words and two shots" and " Happy Enemies ", one after another, forming a spectacular development scene in the literary world from time to time.
All these vernacular novels are developed based on the novels of the Song and Yuan dynasties. The vernacular novels of the Song and Yuan dynasties, also known as vernacular novels, are mainly characterized by a kind of singing literature.
The book we said refers to a literary background for the speakers at that time when they told various fresh and interesting stories to the public, and is specially used by artists when they speak and perform. A basic feature of a story novel like
is speaking, which is similar to the common storytelling artists in teahouses or other performance venues today.
Artists of in the Song and Yuan dynasties tell a story while singing during their performances.
When "talking", they use narrative styles to objectively tell or comment on various storylines in the novel in the role of a third party or spokesperson, and after telling a certain plot, they must chant. The chanting like
must be rhymed according to Chinese traditional culture . The lyrics and rhymes in it are recorded in words, which are the rhymes mentioned in this article.
embroidered image book and lyrics
"Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is of course not a verbal novel, nor is it a literary background for speaking artists to create oral performances. It is a literary masterpiece independently completed by literati in the Wanli era. Who is the creator of
? Due to the lack of historical documents, it is still difficult for us to determine. However, judging from the nearly 60 candidates proposed by the academic community, they were all famous scholars or knowledgeable cultural people in society at that time.
such as Wang Shizhen , Xu Wei , Tu Long , etc., are all a group of famous writers. They are social elites and can enter the court as officials. Of course, there is no problem in writing poetry and songs.
is in the atmosphere of the era where novels and popular popular literature . They can also come into contact with a large number of folk literature, such as novels and story books, and the well-known Feng Menglong and Ling Mengchu are such characters.
The author of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" has completed this excellent novel based on extensively absorbing various literatures created by his predecessors and comprehensively writing with his personal academic knowledge.
In this creative process, he not only had the ability to write poetry and rhymes, but also borrowed from some novel rap literary models that were popular in the Song and Yuan dynasties and the early and mid-Ming Dynasty, thus completing the writing of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua".
From this point of view, the extensive use of poetry and verses in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is not the author's whim, but the accumulation of profound spiritual ties of Chinese culture, and its long-standing cultural origins are clearly found.
Boat sail translation commentary "Selected Poems of Jin Ping Mei"
(III)
Regarding the national nature of literature, With my limited understanding, it is not easy to explain this issue clearly. Common sense tells us that the so-called nationality of literature is essentially the personality of literature.
However, such personality has the characteristics of the ethnic collective, which is the group personality of the nation, that is, the unique thoughts, sentiments, habits and behaviors of a nation. This common psychological quality in national cultural characteristics is accumulated in the long river of history.The main characteristics of nationality in literature, which are presented in content and form, can be fully demonstrated at the two inseparable levels. The two and their various factors are unified and integrated and different from the overall personality of other nations. [xii]
A literary work has a clearer national characteristics and more mature expression techniques, and the more nationality it is.
That is to say, the more distinctive and mature the national characteristics of literary works, the more nationality it is. Because literature is a category of art, it belongs to social ideology ,
It uses language and words to shape characters, reflect social life, and express the thoughts and feelings of the writer. It has a direct influence on the language, psychological state, cultural traditions, etc. of the nation.
For the novel discussed in this article, the important cultural phenomenon of the use of poetry rhyme in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua", obviously cannot be described by one of the artistic expression techniques.
instead permeates the spiritual bloodline of Chinese culture, especially ancient Chinese literature. Although its appearance only belongs to the category of art forms, its aesthetic significance has far exceeded the literature itself.
Chapter Peiheng and Luo Yuming Editor-in-chief "History of Chinese Literature"
When we compare it with ancient Western novels, we will find that this cultural phenomenon is undoubtedly unique to ancient Chinese novels, or a literary work with " Chinese characteristics ". This is what people often call the national nature of literature. Let’s give examples here.
"Jin Ping Mei Ci Talks" second chapter "Ximen Qing Meets Jinlian under the curtain, and Mrs. Wang talks about the style of greed for bribes". The novel tells the story of the male protagonist Ximen Qing being impressed by her beauty when she first met Pan Jinlian. This is also the heroine's first appearance.
The novel describes its appearance with very distinctive characteristics. The "dressing" is expressed in the poem:
wears a black and oily hair mane bun on his head, and a golden hair on his mouth. A fragrant cloud is creeping out from one path. The small hairpins are inserted around them, the temples are inserted diagonally, and the head is covered with flowers, and the is arranged in and then combs the child.
difficult to draw the willow leaves of Baziwan Bay, which are lined with two peach blossoms on their cheeks. Linglong Pendant is the most praiseworthy, and the dewy vegetable and jade breasts are priceless. The big sleeved shirt with a wool green cloth, the pleats are short and the Hunan skirt is grinded with silk and silk gauze.
Flower sweat towel, with thorns on the sleeves, hanging low around the scent bag, heavy buttons on the strapless chest, and dirty legs of the trouser legs drooping down. Looking down, the golden lotus feet are sharp, the clouds are clever and the mountain teeth are clever, the old crow shoes are white silk, and the steps are fragrant and dust are set against the top of the steps.
red gauze knee trousers buckle the oriole flowers, and the wind blows the skirt while walking. The mouth often spurts strange orchids, and the cherry blossoms are smiling. When people see it, they are scattered and show off their own enemies. The rhyme of
is written in Ximen Qing's eyes, which is written from head to toe, including the ornaments worn by her. It is vivid in my mind. It can be seen that Ximen Qing's observation is meticulous, which can also reveal the character of the character.
Because Ximen Qing was so amazed when he saw Pan Jinlian, he suddenly became evil, so he observed her very carefully, and kept her in his heart one by one, and even wanted to swallow her in one bite.
There is no doubt that the use of this passage of rhyme is very vivid in portraying the character traits of Ximen Qing and Pan Jinlian.
【French】Written by Stendha by Luo Yujun
Shanghai Translation Publishing House 1979 French literary masterpiece "Red and Black" translated by Luo Yujun, published in 21979. It also describes the heroine of the novel, the mayor's wife De ·Mrs. Ruina's appearance. This is the clear impression she left when she first appeared:
She is a graceful young woman, full and well-rounded, upright and beautiful. When she was young, everyone in the village who used to be a local beauty said so. She has a kind of pure and simple demeanor. And it is as beautiful as a girl.
According to the Parisian's eyes, her natural temperament and beauty reveal infinite liveliness and innocence, which reminds people of her birth as gentle and sweet.
If she really understands her own advantages, Mrs. De Rena will feel very embarrassed and ashamed. Because in her noble heart, there has never been a diligent and flattering feeling.
In this artistic description, the novel describes the beauty of the heroine De· Lady Rena. Although it also uses adjectives such as "beautiful", "sexy", "beautiful", and "natural" and "style", laying a strong foundation for the future plot development,
, the perspective used by the novel is very objective, and it is carefully portrayed from the perspective of a third person or an endorseor.
The styles used in novels are all non-rhyme-like, and the sentence structures are also different in length and are fully prose and are completely different from the rhyme-like texts describing Pan Jinlian. The difference between Chinese and Western literature is fully expressed here.
【Russian】 by Leo Tolstoy Chen Yang translated
The same situation also appears in Russian literature . Tolstoy has the following wonderful description of Mrs. Karenin's appearance:
With the eyes of people in the social circle, he glanced at the grace of the woman, and Vorenschi identified that she belonged to the upper class.
He apologized and walked into the carriage, but felt that he had to look at her again; this was not because she was very beautiful, nor because of the dungeon and gentleness that were revealed in her all postures, but because the expression on her charming face when she walked past him was a bit tender and sweet.
When he looked back, she also turned around.
Her gray eyes that looked dark under the thick eyelashes stared at his face with affectionate and attention. As if she was identifying him, she immediately turned to the crowd passing by, as if she was looking for someone. In that short glance, Wolenschi had noticed a suppressed anger that flowed across her face, sweeping between her shiny eyes and the slight smile that bent her red lips.
It seems that there is an excess of vitality that is overflowing her whole body and mind, contrary to her will, sometimes in the flash of her eyes, sometimes in her smile. She deliberately tried to hide the glory in her eyes, but it flashed in a faintly discerning smile against her will. [xiii]
The literary scene described in this paragraph is exactly the same as the previous quote "Jin Ping Mei Cihua".
The novel also uses the eyes of the male protagonist Vronsch to observe Mrs. Karenin. However, the method adopted in the novel is objective and rational narrative text, which depicts the beauty of Mrs. Karenin to readers in a third-person character.
This form is exactly the same as Stendhal's "Red and Black", and is very different from the ancient Chinese novel "Jin Ping Mei Cihua".
The different descriptions of Chinese and Western literature are so clear that we think deeply while amazement. These all show that the nationality of literature is an objective existence. The nationality of literature reflected in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is just that we have chosen a good sample.
It is true that in this novel, Tolstoy also uses poetry and rhyme. However, this application is simply not worth mentioning compared to "Jin Ping Mei Cihua".
The novel book is divided into eight parts, the first of which has three uses of poetry:
One is a quote of the poems of the ancient Greek lyric poet Anaklaion; the other is a quote of the four lyrics in the opera "Bat" by the Austrian musician Strauss; and the other is a recitation of two poems.
At present, we cannot find the source of these two lines of poetry. It may be created by the author, so we will count it here.Even so, it's all.
In the space of more than 100,000 words, its proportion is a drop in the ocean, or it may not be said.
More importantly, Tolstoy's use of these poems is just a casual embellishment, and has no obvious creative intentions. This is very different from the situation where the rhyme of the poems in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is purposefully used and constitutes an important part of the grand artistic structure of the whole article.
The culture of Chinese and foreign literature shows great differences, and the nationality of literature is once again deeply verified in this type of world literary classics.
"Jin Ping Mei" TV series "Story of the actor Pan Jinlian"
All of this shows that the nationality of literature is a symbol of the maturity of a national literature and art, and it is also an image sign of national culture.
Of course, the nationality of literature we are talking about is relative to the globality of literature. Only national is the world, this is a universal truth that has long been proven by history.
National literature is the foundation of world literature, and world literature can only be recognized by building it in the soil of national literature.
The nationality of literature is the basis of the global nature of literature, and the globality of literature can only be formed after the nationality of literature is full of.
Excellent literature of any nation always has distinct personality characteristics compared to literature of other nations, because in the process of formation, it embodies the essence of national culture.
Therefore, the more national literary and artistic works are, the more worldly meaningful it is. [xiv] Of course, the nationality of the literature advocated here does not exclude and absorb the beneficial things in other national literature.
In the process of expressing the life of the nation, ancient Chinese novels gradually formed an attribute that conforms to the aesthetic ideals and aesthetic habits of the masses of the nation. This attribute is prominently reflected in the excellent works of outstanding writers of the nation. "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is such a novel.
When we discuss its nationality, although what we are involved is just a small "point" in the artistic form of the novel, people can see the strong nationality it presents through this small "point".
is exactly the case. The novel "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is no longer just from China today. It should be from the world. Even if it is researched, it has gone abroad and occupied a certain position in the history of world academics.
Today we study the novel "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" and its nationality, and its significance is also here.
(Ming Dynasty) by Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng, photocopy of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua"
References:
[i] Chen Yiyuan and Fu Xiangrong "Testing for Cihua of Jin Ping Mei Cihua"", Journal of Kunming University, 2010 No. 5. [ii] Pan Shen "Poetry creation and its author of " Jin Ping Mei", Journal of Taiyuan University, 2002 No. 1. [iii] Quan Ran Fan "Statistical Analysis of the Two Versions of "Jin Ping Mei" Quotation Poems", see http://www.mqxs.com/thread-2111-1-1.html
[iv] Lu Xun's "A Brief History of Chinese Novels", Beijing People's Literature Publishing House, 2006 edition. [v] Zhang Jinde's "Sanqu in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua", "Research on Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties" No. 1, 2007.
[vi] Liu Xiaoyan "The cultural connotation of the desire of men and women in Jin Ping Mei", Journal of Social Sciences, Jilin University, Issue 6, 2001.
[vii] Zhang Peiheng and Luo Yuming edited the "History of Chinese Literature", Fudan University Press, 1996 edition.
[viii]Song Dynasty Shi Weibai's "Super-passing Lamp Records·Zen Master Shigui, Longxiang Zhuan, Wenzhou". [ix] Yang Hongru's "A Detailed Description of Jin Ping Mei", 2007 edition of Oriental Publishing House.
[x]Xiao Qing "The debate between strange and lustful, the dispute between good and evil - I am arbitrarily discussing "Jin Ping Mei"",
Chongqing University Democratic Lake Forum http://www.cqumzh.cn/bbs/viewthread.wthread.phph
[xi]Zhou Juntao's "Collection of Research on Zhou Juntao's Jin Ping Mei", Jilin People's Publishing House, 2010 edition. [xii] Zhou Shuwen " on the national characteristics of novels", "Research on Literary Theory" , 997 Issue 2.
[xiii] The recording here is based on Zhou Yang's translation of "Anna Karenina", Beijing People's Literature Press, 1978 edition. [xiv] Liu Xiaoxin "Discussing the Nationality and Nationalism of Literature", "Fujian Forum (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)", Issue 2, 2008.
Article Author unit: Fudan University Press
This article is authorized by the author, and the original article is published in "2012 (Taiwan) Jin Pingmei International Academic Seminar Collection", 2013, Taiwan Liren Book Company. Please indicate the source when forwarding.
Even so, it's all.In the space of more than 100,000 words, its proportion is a drop in the ocean, or it may not be said.
More importantly, Tolstoy's use of these poems is just a casual embellishment, and has no obvious creative intentions. This is very different from the situation where the rhyme of the poems in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is purposefully used and constitutes an important part of the grand artistic structure of the whole article.
The culture of Chinese and foreign literature shows great differences, and the nationality of literature is once again deeply verified in this type of world literary classics.
"Jin Ping Mei" TV series "Story of the actor Pan Jinlian"
All of this shows that the nationality of literature is a symbol of the maturity of a national literature and art, and it is also an image sign of national culture.
Of course, the nationality of literature we are talking about is relative to the globality of literature. Only national is the world, this is a universal truth that has long been proven by history.
National literature is the foundation of world literature, and world literature can only be recognized by building it in the soil of national literature.
The nationality of literature is the basis of the global nature of literature, and the globality of literature can only be formed after the nationality of literature is full of.
Excellent literature of any nation always has distinct personality characteristics compared to literature of other nations, because in the process of formation, it embodies the essence of national culture.
Therefore, the more national literary and artistic works are, the more worldly meaningful it is. [xiv] Of course, the nationality of the literature advocated here does not exclude and absorb the beneficial things in other national literature.
In the process of expressing the life of the nation, ancient Chinese novels gradually formed an attribute that conforms to the aesthetic ideals and aesthetic habits of the masses of the nation. This attribute is prominently reflected in the excellent works of outstanding writers of the nation. "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is such a novel.
When we discuss its nationality, although what we are involved is just a small "point" in the artistic form of the novel, people can see the strong nationality it presents through this small "point".
is exactly the case. The novel "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" is no longer just from China today. It should be from the world. Even if it is researched, it has gone abroad and occupied a certain position in the history of world academics.
Today we study the novel "Jin Ping Mei Cihua" and its nationality, and its significance is also here.
(Ming Dynasty) by Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng, photocopy of "Jin Ping Mei Cihua"
References:
[i] Chen Yiyuan and Fu Xiangrong "Testing for Cihua of Jin Ping Mei Cihua"", Journal of Kunming University, 2010 No. 5. [ii] Pan Shen "Poetry creation and its author of " Jin Ping Mei", Journal of Taiyuan University, 2002 No. 1. [iii] Quan Ran Fan "Statistical Analysis of the Two Versions of "Jin Ping Mei" Quotation Poems", see http://www.mqxs.com/thread-2111-1-1.html
[iv] Lu Xun's "A Brief History of Chinese Novels", Beijing People's Literature Publishing House, 2006 edition. [v] Zhang Jinde's "Sanqu in "Jin Ping Mei Cihua", "Research on Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties" No. 1, 2007.
[vi] Liu Xiaoyan "The cultural connotation of the desire of men and women in Jin Ping Mei", Journal of Social Sciences, Jilin University, Issue 6, 2001.
[vii] Zhang Peiheng and Luo Yuming edited the "History of Chinese Literature", Fudan University Press, 1996 edition.
[viii]Song Dynasty Shi Weibai's "Super-passing Lamp Records·Zen Master Shigui, Longxiang Zhuan, Wenzhou". [ix] Yang Hongru's "A Detailed Description of Jin Ping Mei", 2007 edition of Oriental Publishing House.
[x]Xiao Qing "The debate between strange and lustful, the dispute between good and evil - I am arbitrarily discussing "Jin Ping Mei"",
Chongqing University Democratic Lake Forum http://www.cqumzh.cn/bbs/viewthread.wthread.phph
[xi]Zhou Juntao's "Collection of Research on Zhou Juntao's Jin Ping Mei", Jilin People's Publishing House, 2010 edition. [xii] Zhou Shuwen " on the national characteristics of novels", "Research on Literary Theory" , 997 Issue 2.
[xiii] The recording here is based on Zhou Yang's translation of "Anna Karenina", Beijing People's Literature Press, 1978 edition. [xiv] Liu Xiaoxin "Discussing the Nationality and Nationalism of Literature", "Fujian Forum (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)", Issue 2, 2008.
Article Author unit: Fudan University Press
This article is authorized by the author, and the original article is published in "2012 (Taiwan) Jin Pingmei International Academic Seminar Collection", 2013, Taiwan Liren Book Company. Please indicate the source when forwarding.
