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Mao Zedong commented on Zhang Kexia's pre-war uprising: "It had a great influence on the Huaihai Campaign , and caused chaos in the deployment of the enemy, which greatly contributed to the development of the revolutionary war." Su Yu also said: "My troops going south, such as Jiawang delayed 4 At a young age, Huang Baitao may retreat to Xuzhou, and the battle will be different.”
Zhang Kexia, Kuomintang lieutenant general, anti-Japanese general, deputy commander of the Third Appeasement Zone, has long held important military positions in the Kuomintang army, and is bestowed by Chiang Kai-shek . "Zhongzheng Sword" has high hopes for him.
But he was a "special party member" contacted by Zhou Enlai himself, the CCP red agent. Before the battle of Huaihai, he led an uprising of more than 23,000 people and opened the defense line to the northeast of Xuzhou, which greatly promoted the victory of the first phase of the battle.
Zhang Kexia was born in Xian County, Hebei Province in 1900. He wandered around with his father who was a soldier since he was a child. The misfortune of the country and the nation and the hardship of life gave him the idea of serving the country.
Zhang Kexia
In 1915, Zhang Kexia, who was about to graduate from middle school, coincided with the signing of the "Twenty-One" traitorship agreement between Yuan Shikai and Japan. He hated the corruption and incompetence of the Chinese government and the army, so he was admitted to the Beijing Qinghe Army Officer Preparatory School and wrote for the military. , Began more than 30 years of military career.
In 1918, his mother made an appointment for him. The wife was Li Depu. She was born in a poor family. Although it was an arranged marriage, the two of them had similar interests and were full of longing for the future of the revolution. Finally, they loved each other and got married before the end of the year.
In 1922, Zhang Kexia graduated from the Baoding Military Academy with excellent results in military and conduct, and joined the army of Feng Yuxiang , the most well-known and disciplined warlord period.
At that time, due to the difficult life, after half a year in the army, Zhang Kexia unfortunately contracted tuberculosis and vomited blood continuously. He had to leave the army and go home to recuperate and almost died. Thanks to the wife who was a nurse, she persisted in taking care of her day and night, and escaped from death.
In 1924, his wife Li Depu’s sister Li Dequan married General Feng Yuxiang , Zhang Kexia and Feng Yuxiang became brother-in-law, which created very good conditions for him to work underground in the Northwest Army for a long time.
In the autumn of that year, Zhang Kexia recovered from illness and received two news concerning his future. One was Feng Yuxiang's invitation to return to the Northwest Army, and the other was that his classmate Li Minghao invited him to work with Mr. Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou.
Feng Yuxiang
After careful consideration, Zhang Kexia did not go to Feng Yuxiang, his brother-in-law, who had better conditions. Instead, he traveled across the northern land of the melee and escaped the heavy inspections of warlords and military police. He took the ship to Guangzhou and served as a major in the military and administrative department of Mr. Sun Yat-sen’s base camp. officer. The atmosphere of
in Guangzhou at that time was absolutely different from the melee in the north. There was a revolutionary atmosphere everywhere, especially the Communist Party he came into contact with, which gave him a very different feeling. He knew that the Communist Party was China’s hope!
After the Northern Expedition began, Feng Yuxiang had close ties with the Northern Expedition Army, and Zhang Kexia went to Feng Yuxiang's Ministry as the deputy commander of the Corps. In 1927, with the full support of his sister-in-law, he studied at Sun Yat-sen University in the Soviet Union, where he truly understood what kind of organization the Communist Party was.
At that time, Sun Yat-sen University had many core members of the Communist Party, such as Zuo Quan, the deputy chief of staff of the Eighth Route Army, who also studied here. The two are about the same age and like-minded. Zhang Kexia realized that only communism could save China. He also knew that would have followed the Communist Party in this life! When
was in the Soviet Union, he also submitted an application for membership to the party organization. At that time, the Kuomintang launched counter-revolutionary activities vigorously in the country, and the revolutionary situation was very severe, but Zhang Kexia still firmly believed that the Communist Party was the savior. After
returned to China, Zhang Kexia talked to classmate Zhang Cunshi (Feng Yuxiang, a close associate, an underground member of the Communist Party of China) many times about his desire to join the party. Later, he visited Shanghai Jing’an Temple and Dong Jianwu (Central Special Services personnel) and others. After being approved by the organization, he officially joined the Communist Party.
Dong Jianwu
Zhang Kexia wanted to work in the Soviet area, but Dong Jianwu told him that the Northwest Army is a force that can be united. It happened that Zhang Kexia and Feng Yuxiang had a special relationship. Propagating the party's ideas in the Northwest Army can better serve the party.
Zhang Kexia is personally led by Comrade Zhou Enlai because of his special status, which shows that the party has high hopes for him.
In 1930, Zhang Kexia returned to the Northwest Army and was appointed as the chief of staff of Zhang Zizhong. He took advantage of the opportunity to collect Kuomintang intelligence and send it to the party organization. Later, Chen Geng, head of the Special Branch of the Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai, personally visited him to communicate intelligence work.
In 1931, Zhang Kexia was sent to Nanjing Army University to study by the 29th Army. In 1933, participating in the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces established by the Communist Party and Feng Yuxiang. The Allied forces once recovered the occupied Duolun, Guyuan and other places, shaking the whole country, but due to Chiang Kai-shek's obstruction, it was finally disbanded.
In 1937, Zhang Kexia was appointed as the deputy chief of staff of the 29th Army. Unfortunately, the anti-Japanese heroic commander of the 29th Army Song Zheyuan compromised with the Japanese invaders. Tong Lingge, deputy commander of the 29th Army, and Zhao Dengyu, commander of the 13th Division Song Zheyuan ordered to give up Pingjin after death. Zhang Kexia persuaded him many times, but Song Zheyuan refused.
Before the fall of Pingjin, Zhang Kexia notified the party organization and progressives to transfer in advance, and more than 10,000 people were saved from the Japanese army's poisonous hands. Zhang Kexia, trapped in Beiping City, tried his best to escape with another progressive man named Li Lianshan before the Japanese "Qing Party".
What is surprising is that two people who lived and died together did not know that the other party was the Communist Party. This shows how strict the party’s discipline is.
Zhou Enlai
In August 1937, Feng Yuxiang was changed to the commander of the sixth theater. In December, Zhang Kexia moved to the temporary capital Wuhan with Feng Yuxiang and the Nanjing government. Here, Zhang Kexia met with Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu and other top CCP leaders and accepted the task. In order to facilitate the work, the central government decided that Ye Jianying would lead his work, and Zhang Kexia gradually became more connected with the party.
In 1938, Zhang Zizhong was transferred to the fifty-ninth army commander. He personally asked Feng Yuxiang to transfer Zhang Kexia to the fifty-ninth army as the chief of staff. The two cooperated tacitly and the whole army was not afraid of sacrifice. He fought with Japan in the west of Linyi for ten days. killed the Japanese ace Itagaki Division with heavy casualties and lost more than half of it. The angry Itagaki almost committed suicide.
This battle created a precedent in the history of China's war of resistance that the Chinese illegitimate army defeated the Japanese modern army, and strengthened the confidence of the military and civilians of the country to resist Japan. Jiang Jieshi was overjoyed, and Zhang Zizhong was promoted to the 33rd group army commander-in-chief, Zhang Kexia was also promoted to the chief of staff of the group army due to his outstanding performance.
It is a pity that during the Suizao Campaign in May 1940, Zhang Kexia left the military camp to run a training school to recruit officers for the army, but did not participate in the war. General Zhang Zizhong was encircled by the Japanese army and died bravely. The insider of
recalled: If Zhang Kexia was here, General Zhang Zizhong would certainly not be in deep encirclement. Because Zhang Kexia could handle the military situation calmly and calmly in any critical situation, he would never allow Zhang Zizhong to go deep alone. Z5z is a pity for history. There is no if.
Zhang Zizhong
In 1941, the anti-communist climax came again. Feng Zhian, the successor of the 33rd Army, was quite suspicious of Zhang Kexia. He was promoted from the powerful chief of staff to the deputy commander-in-chief of the group army. Feng Zhian also appointed the Kuomintang anti-communist pioneer Chen Jiyan as chief of staff. The white terror in the army was even more tragic. Zhang Kexia tried his best to protect the Communists in the army and was ready to sacrifice at any time.
In August 1945, after Japan surrendered, Chiang Kai-shek relied on the support of the United States to launch a civil war and attack the Communist Party.
In October 1945, Chiang Kai-shek changed the 33rd Army into the Third Appeasement Zone, and sent Zhang Kexia to lead the army to gather at Xuzhou to prepare to attack the liberated area. During the assembly, he discussed the situation with He Jifeng, the commander of the 77th Army (communist), and stepped up contact with the Eighth Route Army.
He also said to the former Northwest Army generals Liu Ruming , Zhang Lanfeng, Li Xing and others who met along the way: "It seems that the civil war is inevitable. Our old Northwestern miscellaneous army is angry everywhere.The war must be sent at the forefront, and this time we must remain neutral. After
stationed in Xuzhou, also instigated Hao Pengju, the original puppet commander of the Sixth Route Army under the jurisdiction of the Third Appeasement District. He deliberately showed Hao Pengju the secret order of Chiang Kai-shek to dissolve the puppet army, and he frightened Hao Pengju. Inspired by Chen Yi and the instigation of Zhang Kexia, on January 13, 1946, Hao Pengju led more than 12,000 people before the war, which had a great influence on politics. Our army took the opportunity to attack and achieved the great power of the Lunan Campaign. Victory.
Chiang Kai-shek
Hao Pengju's anyway, made Chiang Kai-shek agitated, and the third appeasement district commander Zhang Zhian scolded the dog blood spray. Zhang Zhian had suspected that Zhang Kexia had a problem at this time, but the two were from the Northwest Army, and there was no evidence. In June 1946, Feng Yuxiang was dissatisfied with Jiang Jieshi’s civil war. He was unwilling to be Jiang’s accomplice, so he found an excuse to fly from Nanjing to the United States. Zhang Kexia took advantage of this opportunity to accompany Feng Yuxiang to Nanjing. I took a chance to meet Zhou Enlai who was negotiating with Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing.
Zhou Enlai held Zhang Kexia's hand tightly and said to him: "Comrade Kexia, you have worked hard! We meet again! "Z5z He arranged for Zhang Kexia to instigate an uprising of senior generals and large forces within the enemy army. This task is very dangerous and very important. Zhou Enlai confessed that Zhang Kexia must pay attention to safety. Zhang Kexia, who is already a Kuomintang lieutenant general, said: "I have been in the army. Many military generals were united and instigated. The uprising is conditional, but in order to ensure a smooth uprising, the party is also requested to send liaison personnel to me before the offensive and provide armed support. "Z8z
Zhou Enlai agreed very much. After the meeting, a group of our party's liaison officers stationed in the 33rd Army. Zhang Kexia also used various opportunities to preach the party's policies and instigated the 59th Army's deputy commander Meng Shaolian and other Kuomintang generals anyway.
1948 In the late autumn of the year, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had been fighting for four years. After the Liaoshen Battle, the military forces of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were reversed. In order to speed up the liberation process, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to conduct the Huaihai Campaign.
Guo Rugui and Chiang Kai-shek
At this critical moment, the Kuomintang’s defense Gu Zhutong, Chief of Staff of the Ministry, accompanied by Director of the War Department Guo Rugui (our party’s highest-ranking red agent of the KMT), came to the front line of Xuzhou to convey Chiang Kai-shek’s orders. Chiang Kai-shek attached great importance to Xuzhou in order to win over Zhang Kexia and He Ji Ze, he specially sent Gu Zhutong to award the two " Zhongzheng Sword " to become the "sword generals" of the KMT, which is a very high honor in the KMT.
Gu Zhutong took Zhang Kexia and He Jize's hands Say: "Xuzhou has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. The two are the tiger generals who guard Xuzhou. The principal is sent to give swords. Don't let the president's hard work and dedication! "Z5z
But at this time the Kuomintang is already in the midst of the storm, Fu Zuoyi is trapped in Pingjin; Yan Xishan is embarrassed on all sides; Hu Zongnan is struggling to cope; Ready to fight an unprecedented war of annihilation at any time, Liu Zhi sits on pins and needles all day long. This is Chiang Kai-shek’s good intentions of giving swords. He wants the two tigers to be the head of the Communist Party in Xuzhou, but how does Chiang Kai-shek know that are both of them. He is an excellent Communist Party member who is constantly digging holes for Chiang Kai-shek. Z5z
In October 1948, the Central Military Commission formulated the operational policy for the Huaihai Campaign. The focus of the first stage of the campaign was to concentrate troops to annihilate Huang Botao’s regiment. Z8z
Huang Botao was on the front line of Xuzhou
11 On the 6th, the seven columns of the People’s Liberation Army have surrounded 120,000 people in the five armies of the Huang Botao Corps on three sides. The westward withdrawal from Xuzhou is the only way for Huang Botao. How to cut off Huang Botao’s retreat has become the most important issue at present.
is the key here. At that time, Chen Yi sent the liaison staff to the Third Appeasement Zone. Zhang Kexia and He Jize received the 27-year-old Huaye’s 13th Column Liaison Department Director Yang Side, and in accordance with the instructions of the Central Military Commission, quickly formulated the pre-war uprising and rebellion The plan is to absolutely Huang Botao’s army.
Zhang Kexia firmly said to his superior: "Now IThe chief officials at all levels of the ministry have party organization personnel. As long as Chairman Mao gives an order, the uprising will be no problem. "Z5z
Yang Side asked if he could fight for the uprising of Commander Feng Zhi'an. Zhang Kexia thought about it and said: "This person has too many worries. He will not take refuge in us. Although the commander is his own, but the division and regiment-level officers, we have already Win a lot of people. "Z8z
time just passed day by day. Just as the battle and the uprising were about to begin, Feng Zhian, who was wary of Zhang Kexia, put Zhang Kexia under house arrest in the Xuzhou "General Suppression" headquarters, and he was not allowed to come to the front to command troops. But Zhang Kexia was so anxious.
On November 6, He Jifeng had already settled the soldiers, wives and children in the rear with the cooperation of Yang Sed, and took the 59th Army down, only waiting for Deputy Commander Zhang Kexia to take over.
He Jifeng and Zhang Kexia On November 7, Xuzhou
, the deputy commander of the 59th Army Meng Shaolian, the 180th Division Commander Cui Zhenlun, and the 38th Division Commander Yang Gansan were also trapped by Feng Zhian in the Xuzhou "General Suppression" headquarters. Zhang Kexia was extremely anxious. Frontline He Jifeng has urged him many times. Taking advantage of the urgency of the frontline warfare, Zhang Kexia said to Feng Zhian loudly: "The warlord can only fight to death on the battlefield, what is this here? let's go! "Z5z
Meng Shaolian and others all stood up, turned around and left. Feng Zhian had no choice but to let them leave the army commander and division commander, but still not let Zhang Kexia go to the front. How can this be done, the uprising is just around the corner. In front of him, Zhang Kexia was not there, and many things would change. In case there was a mistake, nothing would be redeemed.
At 4 a.m. the next day, Zhang Kexia woke the driver and, together with the adjutant, secretly drove Feng Zhian’s Austin car away. Rushed out of the city.
arrived at the gate, and the city guard Yin Xintian stopped Zhang Kexia and forced him to the guard room on the side. Here, Yin Xintian took off his short spear and put it on Zhang Kexia. In front of him, he took out another rope and threw it to Zhang Kexia: "It shouldn't be too late, tie me up! "Z8z
Zhang Kexia and the adjutant were taken aback. Z8z
Yin Xintian said: "It's too late. One day, you will understand!" "Z8z
Zhang Kexia has already understood that Yin Xintian is his own comrade, even if he sacrifices himself, he must deliberately let himself go. After
several people rushed out, Chen Jiyan had chased him with his guards, and he waited out of the city without even the shadow of the car. When I saw it, I found Yin Xintian who was tied up and thrown by the side of the road.
Feng Zhian
Chen Jiyan untied his rope and cursed angrily: "You are really a waste. This is a premeditated plan. Go back to the headquarters. "Z8z
waited for Feng Zhian to get the news, and sat down on a chair, desperately saying: "It's over, my 30,000 horses are all lost in his hands." "There are so many communists in the Kuomintang, how can you be undefeated!
After Zhang Kexia and He Jifeng joined, they assembled at the People’s Liberation Army at 10 o’clock on November 8. So far, Zhang Kexia, He Jifeng and the fifty-ninth army two divisions and the seventh A division of the Seventeenth Army with a total of 23,000 people revolted before the war and returned to the embrace of the people.
is more than the 30,000 horses mentioned by Feng Zhian. The uprising of Zhang Kexia and He Jifeng caused the door to the northeast of Xuzhou to open. The PLA went straight to Xuzhou and quickly cut off Huang Botao. On the back road between the Corps and Xuzhou, the Huang Botao Corps was besieged and annihilated. The first phase of the Huaihai Campaign was successfully implemented. The Central Military Commission highly praised Zhang Kexia.
On New Year's Day in 1949, the uprising troops were combined into the 33rd Army, Zhang Kexia Served as the commander of the army and later concurrently as the chief of staff of the Songhu Garrison.
Zhou Enlai and Zhang Kexia (first from right) and others in Wuhan
On March 7, 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the "Decision on Zhang Kexia's Party Status." Since joining the party in 1929, he has been lurking in the Kuomintang army for more than 20 years. He has been trying to work for the party and has been very effective. Therefore, all his party membership should be recognized.
After the founding of New China, Zhang Kexia served as deputy minister of the Ministry of Forestry and Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences. Dean was a deputy to the 4th National People’s Congress and a member of the 5th Standing Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. He died of illness on July 7, 1984, at the age of 84.
How can there be any years of peace and good times, but someone is carrying our weight forward, without them, There is no new China born!
This article pays the highest tribute to Zhang Kexia, He Jifeng and others who are fighting on the hidden front!
