The most incredible thing in this world is why Mongolia is so poor.
In the eyes of many people, as a country with a large area and a sparse population, it is at least easy to get rid of poverty and become rich. You should know that under the territory of more than 1.56 million square kilometers of Mongolia, it contains more than 80 rich minerals, including iron, copper, molybdenum, coal, zinc, gold, lead, tungsten, oil, oil shale and other resources. According to the proven reserves, Mongolia's copper ore has more than 2 billion tons, more than 3400 tons of gold, more than 300 billion tons of coal mines, more than 8 billion barrels of oil, more than 2 billion tons of iron ore, more than 28 million tons of fluorite deposits, more than 4.2 billion tons of phosphate ore, more than 4.24 million tons of molybdenum ore, more than 460,000 tons of zinc ore, more than 47,000 tons of silver ore...
It can be said that if Australia is a "country sitting on a mine cart", then Mongolia is directly born in the mine pit.
However, even such rich resources have not allowed more than 3.2 million Mongolians to become rich together, and they are even still a hundred nine thousand miles away from getting rid of poverty and food and clothing.
Looking at the world, it is not uncommon for countries like Mongolia that have rich resources but still beg for rice. After all, there is a term in the world called "resource curse". The coveted resources have become an indelible nightmare for social development.
But the problem is that even if you don’t need rich resources and guard the green grassland, you will lead the horses for tourists. Even if you are a cattle and a horse for tourists, you won’t live so shabby with tips from rewards. More importantly, on the other side of China, the national rejuvenation of is a long way to go, and taking a little ride is a historic leapfrog development. How come Mongolia has lived such a cowardly appearance? Is this a distortion of human nature or a degradation of morality?
In fact, as the so-called descendant of Genghis Khan , the Mongolian morality of becoming a family in the middle is not surprising at all, because although Mongolian resources are reserved, they are difficult to realize at all. The location closely embraced by China and Russia is destined to have any resource in Mongolia go to the world, either entering the earth or going to heaven.
For countries that want to trade resources with Mongolia, the biggest risk they face is not to be consumed by the cost of being admired by the mountains, but to be laughed at by the countries that are out of the matter.
So, since there is no way to heaven and no way to enter the earth, why doesn’t Mongolia take resources nearby? After all, China and Russia are both major energy consumer countries, and digesting Mongolian resources is just a piece of cake. However, Russia, which has , Siberia, , has richer resources than Mongolia and does not need Mongolia's resources to complement each other, so there seems to be only one buyer that Mongolia can choose.
But this buyer would rather import iron ore and other resources from Australia in the southern hemisphere than consume from Mongolia nearby, which would shatter Mongolia's dream again.
So, why can't Mongolia be mutually beneficial and win-win with its neighbors in , southern ? Jingyeshi believes that in addition to the average quality of Mongolia's minerals, the more important reason is:
Mongolia has never thought of doing business with its southern neighbors. In fact, the fundamental reason why Mongolia has been in poverty for decades is Mongolia's distorted hatred for its southern neighbors, which has made Mongolia missed the historical opportunity to soar into the sky again and again.
This is undoubtedly an incredible situation. You should know that as part of the former Central Plains dynasty, Mongolia has a deep connection with its southern neighbors. The Mongolian Empire, which rose on the Mongolian Plateau, finally established the Yuan Dynasty that unified the Central Plains. During the Qing Dynasty, Mongolia even "governed the world" with the Manchu rulers. The relationship between the two countries should be good neighbors and friendly.
However, today Mongolia has long occupied the high ground and has successfully hindered Mongolia from obtaining fundamental benefits.
And the root of all this lies in a series of profound transformations of the Tsarist Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.
Episode : The Qing Dynasty unified the Central Plains, especially after the incorporation of Mongolia in the northern part of the territory, carried out a series of effective operations on Mongolia, including the restriction of flow of the " Alliance Banner System ", the training of the Mongolian army in the Eight Banners to absorb Mongolia's elites, the Daxing of the Yellow Sect " Family Planning ", the condolence of merchants to seize the robbery, etc., and the building of Mongolian in the northern part of the Qing Dynasty to fight against the Tsarist Russian Empire southward. The Qing Dynasty also determined the border between Mongolian and Tsarist Russian in its long-term confrontation with Tsarist Russian .
However, after the Qing Dynasty was at its peak and decline, Tsarist Russia quickly made a comeback, especially after the Second Opium War of , Tsarist Russia stepped up its infiltration into Mongolia in northern desert after seizing northeast and northwest, and incited Mongolian senior officials to establish their own doorsteps after the outbreak of Xinhai Revolution in 1911.
Although Beiyang government argued, Tsarist Russia was "unmoved". Although Anhui warlord Xu Shuzheng took advantage of the turmoil of " October Revolution " to regain Mongolia and Tangnu Wulianghai , the Soviet Union quickly made a comeback and supported pro-Soviet elites to establish constitutional monarchy and republican regimes in Mongolia.
Compared with the painstaking operation of the Qing Dynasty, the Soviet Union's transformation of Mongolia was rough and profound. In addition to controlling Mongolia's economic, political and military power, people were forbidden to worship Genghis Khan, and the Slavic-style Cyrillic Mongolian , pro-Soviet elites also carried out large-scale anti-counterfeiting in Mongolia, massacring a large number of lamas and feudal princes, which greatly reduced the already sparse Mongolia population by 5%.
In order to prevent Mongolia from falling back to the south, the Soviet Union not only forced Nanjing National Government to sign a treaty on the eve of Japan's unconditional votes to recognize Mongolia's self-esteem, but also provided Mongolia with in-depth anti-China education. In addition, the profound impact of the large-scale anti-counterfeiting, the pro-China forces in Mongolia were wiped out.
So even if the Soviet Union collapsed in in 1991, the Russian army withdrew completely, and the remodeled Mongolia has long become the most familiar strangers with us.
For Mongolia at this time, without the domineering Soviet Union, Mongolia can finally breathe free air. But the problem is that although Mongolia gained freedom, it lost the relief from the Soviet Union and could only rely on itself from then on.
But Mongolia won't rekindle the old love with its southern neighbors. After all, for Mongolia, what is more terrifying than poverty is the involuntary "return" after rebuilding the connection.
So even without the influence of the Soviet Union, Mongolia still insisted on hating China for a long time and resolutely rejected all opportunities to make a fortune.
Of course, it is not right for Mongolia to turn a blind eye to things outside the window and be an old beggar. In fact, after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the relief was cut off, Mongolia launched a series of diplomatic relations with the third neighbor of and wrote the word "demand for money" on its forehead.
Faced with Mongolia's "opening", the United States burst into tears at the time and established a "third neighbor" relationship with Mongolia with lightning speed. After all, it is not easy to find a place that threatens China and Russia at the same time.
Under the role model of the United States, the deeply contagious countries such as Japan, South Korea, and EU followed suit. Mongolia survived the dilemma of starving to death with a golden rice bowl with the "economic aid" of Western countries.
The moral of Mongolia and the United States and other Western countries colluded deeply stimulated China and Russia. So before Mongolia could even wait for Western countries to get into trouble, they were first disguised by two neighboring countries.
In fact, it is not accurate to say that China and Russia have taken action, because although the assistance from Western countries can ensure that Mongolia cannot starve to death, it cannot guarantee that they will get rid of poverty and become rich. After all, the support of Western countries has never been stable and may be reduced to zero at any time. Mongolia said it has no confidence in relying on this money to support the elderly.
Then develop yourself. After all, taking the distance to Siberian Railway is also an optional way. With the addition of Mongolian Navy , Mongolia's mineral exports once flourished and became the new force in Mongolia's export and foreign exchange earnings.
Then, the desertification of land brought about by mining became uncontrollable. Coupled with the already difficult-to-return overgrazing and barbaric reclamation, Mongolia's already fragile grassland environment deteriorated rapidly. To this day, more than 90% of Mongolia's land has turned to desertification. It can be said that in addition to several major cities such as Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia's environment has been shocking, and the extremely deteriorating environment has exacerbated Mongolia's poverty and formed a vicious cycle that is difficult to break free.
Therefore, it is not surprising that Mongolia realizes the necessity and benefits of making good friends with its southern neighbors, and then makes efforts to implement it and pass the "New Revival Policy" by the Mongolian country Great Khural in December 2021.
This is regarded as an important measure for Mongolia to promote economic recovery, and includes six aspects: port rejuvenation, energy rejuvenation, industrial rejuvenation, urban and rural rejuvenation, green development rejuvenation, and national efficiency rejuvenation. Among them, port revival is the most urgent, and the China-Mongolia Port is the top priority.
so Mongolian Prime Minister Oyunerden repeatedly stated that if the port barriers are not cleared and the key nodes of transportation are opened, Mongolia will not be able to achieve leapfrog development. Therefore, the ports must be connected by roads, railways and expressways as soon as possible, and the air transportation industry must be raised to a new level.
Facts have proved that Mongolia's choice is not wrong. As of September this year, Mongolia's total import and export volume reached US$15.1 billion, a year-on-year increase of 31.2%. As Mongolia's most important export market, southern neighbors have reached US$9.8 billion in 9 months, accounting for 64.7% of Mongolia's total foreign trade.
Under the good situation, the Mongolian central bank predicts that Mongolia's economy is expected to grow by 5.1% next year.
Although the thriving Mongolian economy still has a dangerous situation where the debt ratio is as high as 200% and the inflation rate exceeds 16%, with the help of this large ship of the southern neighbor, Mongolia's economy can undoubtedly move forward steadily.
Just, will Mongolia, which tastes the sweetness of China-Mongolia trade stick to the end? Jingyeshi believes that it is unknown. You should know that after the global subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, Mongolia made a splash with the investment from its southern neighbors, and its prosperity was even exclaimed by some economists as "the next Dubai ".
However, a 2012 "Restriction of Foreign Investment Law" left foreign investors losing all their money, and also closed the door to prosperity. So this country that had just seen hope of poverty alleviation returned to the pre-liberation overnight.
Today, although Mongolia has been fighting fiercely with its southern neighbors in economic and trade cooperation, it is still in harmony with Western countries such as the United States and other Western countries in military fields, and fundamentally plays a role in disgusting China and Russia.
And when Mongolia was eating our bonus , her inner vigilance and even disgust never stopped. To put it bluntly, the benefits that Mongolian leaders have received from the West are still tempting, and Mongolia is afraid of being "returned" from the bottom of their hearts. You should know that as a country that seriously threatens the Northeast, , North China, , and even the northwest, Mongolia’s strategic value to us is self-evident, which destined that Mongolia will inevitably be the next strategic direction after the treasure island.
Under such circumstances, the hot trade between Mongolia and its southern neighbors is essentially a stopgap measure in Mongolia's view.
However, in the current Mongolia, one thing that is gratifying is that because of the existence of the common enemy of the United States, China and Russia seem to be interested in "avoiding" the Mongolian issue, which allows Mongolia to struggle for a longer time.
But the Mongolian problem cannot be dragged on forever.
There are many omissions, please correct me.
I am Jingyeshi. Looking forward to your attention.
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