Douerdun, The leader of the peasant uprising in the early Qing Dynasty . He was skilled in martial arts and righteous. Faced with the oppression of the Qing court, he rose up and led an uprising team of more than 10,000 people to rob the imperial silver, kill corrupt officials, and capture cities and plunder the land. Later, he was lured by the Qing court and died bravely in the 56th year of Kangxi (1717), at the age of 34.
In the official history of the Qing Dynasty, there are few records of Dou Erdun, but his legendary story is widely circulated among the people and appears in novels similar to " Shi Gongcang ", and was later adapted into a drama. The Peking Opera that is still performing so far include " Stealing the Horse " and "Serial Set". In these two plays, Dou Erdun is no longer the leader of the peasant uprising, but a hero in the green forest who is chivalrous and brave, eliminates violence and safeguards the good.
As a legend, there have been many statements in Dou Erdun's hometown. According to historical materials and local chronicles of the Republic of China, Dou Erdun was from Xian County, Hejian Prefecture, Zhili, but there are also sayings from Shandong and Northeastern people. Among them, it is said that Dou Erdun was from Caodian Village, Jiamaying Town, in Wucheng County, Shandong Province.
Caodian Village is located on the east bank of the Grand Canal of . The Ming Dynasty Chengzu After Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing, he borrowed rivers to transport materials to build the capital city, and had many travelers. He set up hotels along the river for people to eat and accommodation. Local residents of the Cao family built a hotel here, named Caodian, and reproduced into a village. Later, it was flooded, and the villagers moved to two highlands in the south and north respectively, forming two villages. The ones in the south were called Qian Caodian, and the ones in the north were called Hou Caodian.
, Caodian Village, the surname Youxue and Jia, both of whom are descendants of Dou Erdun and are proud of it. However, there is no surname Dou in the village, so where does the descendants come from? The villagers explained: After Dou Erdun was killed, in order to avoid being killed, the clan members of the tribe divided the character "Dou" into two, with some surnames being acupoints and some surnames being Jia. After the Republic of China, the news calmed down, and the descendants of the Dou family spontaneously took action and chose a place in the west of the village to build a temple for Dou Erdun. Strangely, the baseline facing south that was placed on the first day turned east the next day, and this happened for several days. People guessed: This is Dou Erdun’s heroic spirit who should watch how the younger generation live every day. So the Douerdun Temple facing east was built. This initiative became a wonder along the Grand Canal of Beijing and Hangzhou. Over time, the folk song was spread: "From Nanjing to Beijing, the temple gate of Caodian is facing the east."
Dou Erdun Temple covers an area of about 150 acres and also forms the temple fair . "On April 18th, the temple fair will put in incense." This folk song reflects the scene of the people burning incense to Dou Erdun at the temple fair. The rise of temple fairs also promoted local market transactions, and Hou Caodian Village did more business, which was closely related to this. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, there were severe floods and droughts in the local area, but because there were many people doing business in Caodian Village, fewer people died, and inadvertently benefited from the ancestors. In the early days of the founding of New China, Dou Erdun Temple was used as Caodian Primary School. In the 1960s, the village built a school on the original site of the temple, and this historical site completely disappeared.
