Shu Road is more difficult than climbing to the sky. This is the evaluation of Shuzhong during the Tang Dynasty period, which fully illustrates the dangerous terrain and rugged paths in the area. Therefore, this place has been a must-fight for military strategists since ancient times. Of course, natural danger is only one of the reasons why this place is for military strategists, and more importantly, its superior internal conditions.
Zhuge Liang When he was in Gaowolongzhong, he proposed a plan to make the world three parts for Liu Bei . The final place for the establishment of the regime was "Shu". As the saying goes, the land of the Heavenly Palace, the country is prosperous and the people are rich, which is Zhuge Liang's best summary of the resources in Shu. I have to sigh at Zhuge Liang's long-term strategic vision, but before that, some people also took a fancy to this treasure land.
That is Qin . The reason why Qin, which has become one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period and Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, was able to occupy a place in troubled times, in addition to its strong national strength, it also has the long-term vision of its rulers.
For example, Qin State annexed Shu land very early. While realizing its strategic significance, local people's sense of identity with Qin culture also began to appear.
1. The turbulent struggle between Qin and Shu
1. The operation and development of Qin
The relationship between Qin and Shu must start with the establishment and development of Qin. Although Qin was also a prince who enfeoffed by the Zhou royal family, it was different from other princes. The Western Zhou adopted in the court affairs of the Western Zhou Dynasty feudal system and patriarchal system. These two systems show that the Western Zhou system is a hierarchy maintained by blood relations.
, Qin State was different. At that time, the ruler of Qin State was a descendant of the ministers of the previous dynasty. He was appreciated by the King of Zhou because he was very good at "raising horses" after surrendering to Zhou Dynasty, and was given a fiefdom that could be hereditary, which gave Qin State the opportunity to operate and develop. The fiefdom of Qin State was in the border area at the time.
Although Qin State was called a prince, it was also an unknown person. However, Qin State was still relatively loyal to the Zhou royal family at that time. When its decline was ignored, Qin State had led troops to rescue the emperor many times, which led to the Zhou royal family allocating more land to Qin State. Later, the Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty split, and Qin State was in the hands of Qin Mu Gong .
Qin Mugong saw the current situation of the decline of the Zhou royal family and other princes left their jurisdiction one after another, and finally decided to achieve a grand cause. The first step is to start by establishing one's own power. The first thing to do is to pacify the surrounding ethnic minorities. Therefore, under the leadership of Duke Mu of Qin, Qin began to attack the surrounding ethnic minorities.
The Qin territory itself is located in the border area, with the surrounding ethnic minority regimes large and small, but they were all conquered by the Qin State one after another. After this, Qin State had to face the most powerful enemy, "Shu". As Qin State expanded its territory, conflicts with Shu also occurred frequently, but due to the concerns of both sides, large-scale wars did not break out.
This lasted for quite some time until King Huiwen of Qin became the king of Qin and quickly began to implement the plan to destroy Shu.
2. Court disputes
When Qin State decided to attack Shu, a series of debates arose in the court affairs. At that time, King Huiwen, as the monarch, was the first to decide to attack Shu. Just when the army and horse were preparing, he actually led his troops to invade. At this time, the famous foreign minister in the court proposed to King Huiwen to "attack Han".
This proposal was approved by many people in the court at that time. On the one hand, the power of Shu is unknown, and it is really a bit risky to go there. On the other hand, the road in Shu is extremely rugged, and there are many dangerous mountains and rivers, and the road is difficult to move. Even if the army is everywhere, it may not be able to reach it safely. However, a small number of people advocated attacking Shu.
There was a man named Sima Cuo in the dynasty who believed that in order to achieve the king's hegemony, one must first expand one's territory, especially for the Qin State, which is now located in the border, the geographical location really does not have the ability to advance to the Central Plains, and the location of Shu is like a supply station leading to the Central Plains, so it must be attacked first.
In addition, in his opinion, since King Huiwen succeeded to the throne, there have been constant conflicts and frequent frictions between Qin and Shu. If you choose to attack Han, it is easy to let Shu take advantage of the situation. This is not good news for Qin. Once the Korean army retreats, it will be difficult for a second war, so it is the best time to attack Shu.
After some consideration, Qin finally decided to attack Shu.
3. Annexation of Shu
In fact, before Qin attacked Shu, Shu itself also had problems. At that time, Shu also split, and the country of Zhu broke away from Shu and seized its fiefdom. At that time, the Zhu Kingdom promised that it would be affiliated with Shu Kingdom, so the Shu King didn't care much about it at that time. However, after a period of time, the Zhu Kingdom gradually became close to another regime called Ba Kingdom .
After the time was ripe, they even launched a war against Shu. In the end, the joint army of these two countries was defeated by Shu. At the same time, the forces of the three parties were consumed to varying degrees. It was under this situation that the Qin State launched a war to attack Shu.
The Qin State first pretended to aid and eased the ties with the Ba and Zhu State, and then ordered Sima Cuo to lead a 300,000 army to go out of the Jinniu Road and point directly to Shu State. Due to the split of Shu Kingdom at that time, the country's strength had been greatly weakened, and it had just experienced war, so it had basically no resistance to the Qin army.
Qin State quickly conquered Shu. Of course, Qin State's goal was to unify Shu. Therefore, after the destruction of Shu, it directly turned against the Ba and Zhu countries who had been in the war during the expedition. The troops conquered these two countries with lightning speed, and finally cleared the resistance forces in Shu and completed the annexation of the entire Shu region.
2. Importance and cultural communication
1. The significance of Shu to Qin
After Shu belonged to Qin, it first expanded its territory for it, allowing Qin, which is located in the border, to have the strength to win the Central Plains; secondly, the land of the sky palace in Shu and the rich local natural resources and resources made the overall strength of Qin crazily rise, so that after entering , the Warring States , with this place, it can completely ignore the threats of other surrounding countries.
In addition, Qin's occupation of Shu has promoted Shu itself to a certain extent. You should know that although Qin is located in a remote position, it is a true prince of the Central Plains. Although Shu is close to the Central Plains, due to its own terrain conditions, it is difficult for people in Shu to contact other places, so various technologies are relatively backward.
After Qin occupied Shu, it opened up the connection between them. With the dispatch of officials, advanced production technology was brought to Shu. For example, Shu once had abundant iron ore resources, but due to its own limitations, the technical level was still at the level of bronze smelting, and Qin's occupation brought it advanced technology.
With the help of Qin, the iron smelting technology in Shu has been rapidly improved, which has fully utilized the local iron ore resources. Therefore, it has driven the construction of infrastructure in Shu and thus promoted the development of other local industries, such as farming, salt and iron, etc.
In order to create more benefits, Qin State allowed commercial private sector under controllable conditions and only needed to pay taxes to the state on time. These policies created huge benefits for Qin State at that time while developing Shu, which was of great significance to the subsequent development of Qin State.
2. Shu people Identification of Qin culture
As the above analysis, while the war was launched, its own culture was also spread here. It can even be said that in order to truly unify Shu, Qin had specially carried out cultural infiltration and dissemination.
For example, at the beginning of the occupation of Shu, Qin had carried out a series of population migrations to Shu, allowing the residents of Qin to live and communicate with each other, and the cultural exchange between Qin and Shu also began at this time.
At the beginning, compared with the unique cultural differences in Shu, the gap between them was quite large.First of all, in terms of understanding natural phenomena, the two sides were contrary to each other. At that time, a general died in battle on the way to attack Shu. Due to the long journey, the Qin King finally buried him here after the government Shu.
But some phenomena occurred during the funeral. First, the weather was severely drought. After the general's coffin was carried into the built ancestral hall, there was a heavy rainy day that lasted for a long time. For this phenomenon, the people in Shu attributed it to the power of the gods attached to the local ancestral hall, while the people in Qin attributed it to the appearance of soldiers.
In addition, there are many conflicting cultures, such as habits, climate, and even languages, and words. Shu and Qin have shown many differences. However, after the Qin government of Shu, these cultures that are incompatible with water and fire gradually became integrated, which can also be said that the Shu people gradually recognized the culture of Qin.
This is an inevitable trend of the development of the times. Fundamentally, the culture of Qin must be advanced beyond that of Shu at that time. The reason for the conflict was that they did not know each other well. However, with the exchanges between the two sides, the residents of Shu gradually approached Qin culture in terms of habits and creation, and even moved closer to Qin culture in various cultures.
This situation shows that the Shu people at that time had already become closer to Qin culture, and it can also show that they were slowly understanding and identifying with Qin culture. With the development of this trend, more Qin people and Shu people moved to each other, and even experienced deep cultural exchanges such as intermarriage.
Even from the tombs and burial objects in Shu later, it can be found that they are closer to Qin culture. In short, this increasingly strong sense of identity has made the exchanges between Shu and Qin more and more closely.
summary
Overall, after completing the conquest of Shu, Qin State not only promoted the local economy, but also strengthened Shu's cultural identity with Qin State. From technology to customs, and even later funeral rituals, they were all products of Shu's cultural identity with Qin State.
