Dayu’s flood control is a story that we can hear about. Most of them listen to as a myth, but in fact it is not as simple as the story. Of course, the most direct result of Dayu's flood control was to clear the rivers and relieve the floods that had plagued many years, but the deeper significance lies in the comprehensive investigation of land and resources, providing a basis for more accurate tax collection and strengthening social governance.
Dayu flood control
After the successful flood control, the first thing Dayu did was to innovatively divide the country's land according to the trend of mountains and rivers, not only "The water and soil are even, but also the nine states are controlled, and the list of is the five serving , and the land is given tribute" . He reorganized the original twelve states into nine states, and built roads based on the mountains and cut wood, clarified the geographical boundaries of each state, and determined the land and tribute ranks according to the resource endowments of each state, providing an accurate basis for the national taxation. At the same time, the world is divided into five services according to the distance from the royal city, and different policies are implemented from near to far, and differentiated management is carried out to achieve effective control of the country.
01, clarify geographical boundaries, determine tax levels
According to legend, one day Dayu climbed to the north of Lanzhou City and looked into the distance, watching Yellow River flowing away in a vast and prosperous way, so he waved his hand and divided the world of Emperor Shun into nine major states. Since then, China has had the nickname of Jiuzhou.
Dayu divided the Jiuzhou map
However, the facts are far more complicated than the legend. We cannot figure out whether Dayu divided the Jiuzhou platform in Lanzhou. However, he did not do it casually, but based on a comprehensive investigation of land resources, population distribution, abundant resources, traffic conditions and other conditions in various places during the water control process, and thus determined the geographical boundaries and tax collection standards and types of states, establishing a complete and stable tax source for the country. The specific situations of each state are as follows:
1. Jizhou
Most of Hebei and some areas in Shanxi today, the soil is white soil, the fields are fifth grade, and the tribute first grade. The birds and wild people living here make clothes with animal skins.
2, Yanzhou
Now in Shandong, Jiangsu and northern Anhui, the soil is black and fat, the water and grass are lush, the fields are the sixth grade and the ninth grade of tribute. People have begun to settle in the plains and can grow mulberry silkworms. The tribute mainly includes lacquer, silk and colorful silk. The fields are the same as other states after thirteen years of cultivation.
3, Qingzhou
Today, the area east of Mount Tai in Shandong is white and fertile, and some places can be grazed. There are vast saline-alkali land by the sea, and the fields are third-class and fourth-class. It produces silk, stub, lead, pine and strange rocks, and the main tributes are salt and silk.
4, Xuzhou
Today, the land is red soil , which is sticky and fat, with prosperous plants and trees, and the field is second and the tribute is fifth. The products include pearls, fish, paulownia wood, , stones that can be made into chimes, black bundles and white silk, and the main tributes are five-color earth and other items.
5, Yangzhou
The large area between the Huaihe and the sea centered on today's Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. Pengli ( Poyang Lake ) is extremely vast and is the shelter of wild geese. Most people wear straw-woven clothes. The land here is as humid as mud, bamboo is growing everywhere, grass is lush and trees are high, the fields are ninth and the tribute tribute seventh. The tributes include gold, silver, copper, Yao, sacred, and swaying, such as teeth, leather, feathers, oranges and pomelos.
6, Jingzhou
Today, the large area of the Yangtze River , Hanshui basin between Jing, Hubei and Heng, Hunan, has a large area of the river basin, the water network is vertical and horizontal, the land is as humid as mud, the land can be cultivated in Yunmeng, the fields are eighth and the tribute third. The main tributes include feathers, ivory, leather, gold, silver, copper, as well as bayberry, cyan grass, colorful silk, pearls, and large turtles.
7, Yuzhou
Now, large areas between Jingshan Mountain in Hubei and the Yellow River, have soft soil, mainly fertile black, the fields are fourth-class, second-class tribute, and some are first-class tribute. The tributes are mainly paint, stitches, squids, silk, cotton, and stones used as jade-treating stones.
Dayu’s flood control is a story that we can hear about. Most of them listen to as a myth, but in fact it is not as simple as the story. Of course, the most direct result of Dayu's flood control was to clear the rivers and relieve the floods that had plagued many years, but the deeper significance lies in the comprehensive investigation of land and resources, providing a basis for more accurate tax collection and strengthening social governance.
Dayu flood control
After the successful flood control, the first thing Dayu did was to innovatively divide the country's land according to the trend of mountains and rivers, not only "The water and soil are even, but also the nine states are controlled, and the list of is the five serving , and the land is given tribute" . He reorganized the original twelve states into nine states, and built roads based on the mountains and cut wood, clarified the geographical boundaries of each state, and determined the land and tribute ranks according to the resource endowments of each state, providing an accurate basis for the national taxation. At the same time, the world is divided into five services according to the distance from the royal city, and different policies are implemented from near to far, and differentiated management is carried out to achieve effective control of the country.
01, clarify geographical boundaries, determine tax levels
According to legend, one day Dayu climbed to the north of Lanzhou City and looked into the distance, watching Yellow River flowing away in a vast and prosperous way, so he waved his hand and divided the world of Emperor Shun into nine major states. Since then, China has had the nickname of Jiuzhou.
Dayu divided the Jiuzhou map
However, the facts are far more complicated than the legend. We cannot figure out whether Dayu divided the Jiuzhou platform in Lanzhou. However, he did not do it casually, but based on a comprehensive investigation of land resources, population distribution, abundant resources, traffic conditions and other conditions in various places during the water control process, and thus determined the geographical boundaries and tax collection standards and types of states, establishing a complete and stable tax source for the country. The specific situations of each state are as follows:
1. Jizhou
Most of Hebei and some areas in Shanxi today, the soil is white soil, the fields are fifth grade, and the tribute first grade. The birds and wild people living here make clothes with animal skins.
2, Yanzhou
Now in Shandong, Jiangsu and northern Anhui, the soil is black and fat, the water and grass are lush, the fields are the sixth grade and the ninth grade of tribute. People have begun to settle in the plains and can grow mulberry silkworms. The tribute mainly includes lacquer, silk and colorful silk. The fields are the same as other states after thirteen years of cultivation.
3, Qingzhou
Today, the area east of Mount Tai in Shandong is white and fertile, and some places can be grazed. There are vast saline-alkali land by the sea, and the fields are third-class and fourth-class. It produces silk, stub, lead, pine and strange rocks, and the main tributes are salt and silk.
4, Xuzhou
Today, the land is red soil , which is sticky and fat, with prosperous plants and trees, and the field is second and the tribute is fifth. The products include pearls, fish, paulownia wood, , stones that can be made into chimes, black bundles and white silk, and the main tributes are five-color earth and other items.
5, Yangzhou
The large area between the Huaihe and the sea centered on today's Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. Pengli ( Poyang Lake ) is extremely vast and is the shelter of wild geese. Most people wear straw-woven clothes. The land here is as humid as mud, bamboo is growing everywhere, grass is lush and trees are high, the fields are ninth and the tribute tribute seventh. The tributes include gold, silver, copper, Yao, sacred, and swaying, such as teeth, leather, feathers, oranges and pomelos.
6, Jingzhou
Today, the large area of the Yangtze River , Hanshui basin between Jing, Hubei and Heng, Hunan, has a large area of the river basin, the water network is vertical and horizontal, the land is as humid as mud, the land can be cultivated in Yunmeng, the fields are eighth and the tribute third. The main tributes include feathers, ivory, leather, gold, silver, copper, as well as bayberry, cyan grass, colorful silk, pearls, and large turtles.
7, Yuzhou
Now, large areas between Jingshan Mountain in Hubei and the Yellow River, have soft soil, mainly fertile black, the fields are fourth-class, second-class tribute, and some are first-class tribute. The tributes are mainly paint, stitches, squids, silk, cotton, and stones used as jade-treating stones.
8, Liangzhou
The area south of Jinhua Mountain to Heishui, Hubei should span the area of Qinling , the soil is green and loose, the fields are seventh grade, the tribute tuition is eighth grade, and the parts are seventh and ninth grade. The tribute includes precious metals such as gold and silver, as well as wild animals such as bears, foxes, and raccoons, as well as fabrics, leather, etc.
9, Yongzhou
Large areas centered on Guanzhong , including some areas in Baoji, Shaanxi and Tianshui, Gansu. There are rivers such as Jingshui , Weishui , etc. The plain area is mainly loess, and the fields are the first-class and the sixth-class tribute are the tribute. The tributes are mainly millet, sorghum, cattle, horses, etc., and all ethnic groups also pay tribute to fur products.
02, define the range of five servers, implement differential management
In the era of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, there were actually not many places where emperors could effectively control, and their control power gradually weakened from near to far. Dayu divided the five servers around the royal city according to distance, which was to maximize the effective control of surrounding areas and influence on the distance on the basis of respecting this law. The five-server area and governance situation are as follows:
5-server diagram
1, Dianfu
wangcheng area within a radius of 500 miles, we can simply understand it as the capital, and the tribute paid is mainly grain. The grains with stalks are paid within 100 miles, the ears of grains are paid within 200 miles, the grains with stews are paid within 300 miles, the grains with husks are paid within 400 miles, and the millets are paid within 500 miles.
2. Houfu
. Five hundred miles away from the Houfu is the Houfu, which is the security barrier for the royal city and is mainly governed by the nobles of sealing . The enfeoffment was given to the nobles within one hundred, the baron within two hundred, and the princes within three hundred, forming an inner circle that guards the royal city.
3, Suifu
Houfu 500 miles around the area, where the control of the royal power has weakened, but we must still abide by the emperor's government orders and education. Among them, the emperor's politics and religion should be absolutely promoted within 300 miles, and the area 200 miles away should be promoted to Wuwei to defend the royal city. This is the second ring of the royal city.
4. You must submit to
. The area 500 miles away from Suizhou has been far away from the completion of the work. The power to promote administration and religion is relatively weak. As long as you maintain social stability, you can implement easy laws within 300 miles, and then abide by the criminal law and maintain the overall stability of public security.
5.
must be five hundred miles away and farther away. In that era, it was already a very far-reaching wilderness. The laws and policies of the royal city could no longer be implemented, but education should be imposed within 300 miles to guide the barbarians to gradually become civilized; further than 200 miles away, let the king's reputation and education spread naturally to the east to the sea, to the west to the desert, to the south and north to the four seas.
03, laying the foundation of rule and welcoming the dynasty era
From the above situation of integrating and demarcating Jiuzhou and the Five Slaves, by this time, the prototype of the dynasty has basically been formed. The land and tax levels are defined according to the region, and the five regimes are governed separately. This method is infinitely close to the rule of the later dynasties. What is needed now is a fixed special force to maintain this ruling order, which is what Marx called a violent machine.
During the process of Dayu's flood control, many difficulties that are difficult to solve by conventional means are needed. Some of these difficulties come from nature and some come from the crowd. To overcome these difficulties, a powerful force is needed and some extraordinary means are adopted. To achieve this goal, these people who control the water must form a uniform and uniform way of obeying commands and obeying orders, and only Dayu can give orders. In other words, the people who followed Dayu to control the flood actually had the nature of an army, and they were a force that was only obedient to Dayu and was completely controlled by him.
In addition, in the practice of constantly solving various problems, especially artificial difficulties, some people separated from the water control army, forming a powerful group to suppress and resist, and those who disobey can be punished with exile and other punishments. This group of people has been transformed into violent machines like courts and prisons. Although it is not very typical, it has at least already in its prototype.
So far, China has completed all preparations for the transformation from the original tribal alliance to the dynasty country. The emergence of the dynasty has become an irreversible trend, and the only candidate to complete this transformation is Dayu. So Shun follows this trend and abdicates his status to Dayu, and he goes to the wilderness of to in the south. Of course, there is also a view that Shun did not take the initiative to abdicate, but was exiled by Dayu, because the place where Shun toured was the place where the three ancient dynasties were exiled in ancient books.
To sum up, Dayu completed China's first comprehensive land and resources census during the flood control process, integrated Jiuzhou zoning and determined tax collection, laying the economic foundation for the dynasty in the true sense, dividing the five regiments and standardizing governance laid the political foundation for the dynasty, and loyal to Dayu's special forces laid the military foundation for the dynasty. Dayu has actually become the supreme emperor.
Xia Qi
At this point, the conditions for the birth of Xia Dynasty have been fully met. After Xia Qi ascended the throne, the original abdication system was abolished and changed to the hereditary system of the throne. Chinese history has since entered the era of family world.
So far, China has completed all preparations for the transformation from the original tribal alliance to the dynasty country. The emergence of the dynasty has become an irreversible trend, and the only candidate to complete this transformation is Dayu. So Shun follows this trend and abdicates his status to Dayu, and he goes to the wilderness of to in the south. Of course, there is also a view that Shun did not take the initiative to abdicate, but was exiled by Dayu, because the place where Shun toured was the place where the three ancient dynasties were exiled in ancient books.
To sum up, Dayu completed China's first comprehensive land and resources census during the flood control process, integrated Jiuzhou zoning and determined tax collection, laying the economic foundation for the dynasty in the true sense, dividing the five regiments and standardizing governance laid the political foundation for the dynasty, and loyal to Dayu's special forces laid the military foundation for the dynasty. Dayu has actually become the supreme emperor.
Xia Qi
At this point, the conditions for the birth of Xia Dynasty have been fully met. After Xia Qi ascended the throne, the original abdication system was abolished and changed to the hereditary system of the throne. Chinese history has since entered the era of family world.
