On March 10, 1933, Guan Linzheng led the 25th Division to the 25th Division to advance to the Gubeikou . On the 11th, the 25th Division was injured and sent to the rear. On the morning of the 13th, due to heavy casualties, the 25th Division moved to the Second Division and retreated to Miyun for repairs. In two days, a powerful Central Army unit was defeated and returned. The military chiefs were all stained with blood. What happened during this period?
Guan Linzheng (Picture from the Internet)
Huang Shaohong, who was the chief of staff of the Peking Military Branch at the time, talked about Guan Linzheng Gubeikou Anti-Japanese War in his memoir "Overview of the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War" and said:
"Wang Yizhe has been defeated by the Japanese army and is eager to retreat. On the 11th, he lost Gubeikou Pass. Guan Linzheng personally led his troops to reinforce, attempting to retake Gubeikou, but unfortunately he was shot and injured, unable to achieve his goal, so he defended the Nantianmen position."
But Huang's statement was too brief, and it seemed to be a rough idea. In fact, it didn't explain anything clearly. It seemed that it was just an ordinary military defeat, and there was nothing to make a fuss about. Speaking of which, there are many wars in the defeat of the National Army, and this time it is nothing special.
Yao Guojun , Director of the Staff Department of the 25th Division, also mentioned this matter in the article "From the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War to the Withdrawal of North China", the statement was similar to Huang Shaohong, but there was a little more content, saying that before Commander Guan left the position, he asked the entire division to counterattack that night and break the enemy's deployment. However, this matter was blocked by Commander 1 Xu Tingyao , commander of the 17th Army who rushed to Gubeikou. As a result, the enemy launched a large-scale attack the next day, and the 25th Division failed to support it and collapsed across the line. Yao Yi emphasized the foresight of Commander Guan and Xu Tingyao's obstruction and destruction, so he mentioned the war.
Liu Shicheng, the battalion commander of the 2nd Battalion of the Fourth Regiment of the Central Independent Artillery, provided a completely different version. In Liu's narrative, the Guan army made a smooth progress in the early stages, and as soon as it arrived, it repelled the Japanese army occupying Gubeikou. On the third day, the Japanese army came up to provoke, Guan was furious, and was used to the hand-to-hand charge during the Northern Expedition. Tong ordered the entire division of to attack, accidentally fell into the Japanese trap, and was bombed and fired by Japanese cannons and planes. Gubeikou surrounded the mountains, the terrain was narrow, and the troops could not be deployed, so the losses were serious. The brigade commander of the division was mostly injured and forced to retreat to the inner city to defend.
In Liu's description, Guan is more brave and lacks wisdom. Due to improper command, the entire division was defeated. Although Liu also participated in the battle of the Second Division to defend the Nantianmen, the process of the War of Resistance of Guanjun came from hearsay, and the fallacies were inevitable. Liu also associated the failure of Guanzhong with the Yang Jie plan, which makes it a bit like Fengma Niu .
Du Yuming is a participant in the Gubeikou Battle of the 25th Division. After Guan was injured, he assumed the actual command responsibility and was most aware of the whole matter. Du He Zheng Dongguo and Qin Yizhi wrote "Minutes of the Anti-Japanese War of Resistance" (hereinafter referred to as "Minutes"), which clearly explained the entire process of the Anti-Japanese War of Resistance.
"Minutes" state that when the 25th Division arrived at Gubeikou, the pass was also in the hands of Northeast Army , and was defended by a regiment of Zhang Tingshu of the 112th Division. The 25th Division is mainly responsible for Longeryu on the right wing of Gubeikou and the east and west highlands of the south city. There is no so-called Guan Jun repelling the Japanese army and re-occupating Gubeikou. It is not in line with the fact that the Northeast Army retreated without fighting.
Old photos of Gubeikou Anti-Japanese War (Pictures from the Internet)
But the Northeast Army's poor resistance is also the truth. The 112th Division only left one regiment to defend Gubeikou. The Japanese army first made a breakthrough from the General Lou position defended by the 112th Division, and then surrounded Longeryu, defended by the 25th Division, and attacked Nancheng. The entire battlefield is very dangerous.
In order to restore the position of the General Tower and rescue the 154th Regiment, the commander of Guan personally led the 149th Regiment to occupy the highland of the north bank of the tributary of the Chaohe , and contacted the enemy in close combat. Guan was injured by the grenade . Regarding the transfer of Du Yuming as deputy mayor to perform the command responsibility of the division commander. At this time, the entire 25th Division had suffered casualties.
12, the Japanese army increased its attack efforts, but the 25th Division could not support it. The battle was 3 pm, and the entire line was shaken. The officers and soldiers retreated. They were exposed to the Japanese bombing firepower along the Chaohe River, and the casualties were terrible and the troops lost control.At night, they separated the troops and gradually occupied the Nantianmen position and confronted the enemy. That evening, the army commander Xu Tingyao arrived in Miyun. Du and Xu called and decided that the Second Division would enter the Nantianmen quickly and the 25th Division would retreat to Miyun to repair the situation.
The 25th Division was not unexpectedly defeated, but the speed of defeat was surprising to the division commander. In terms of the will to fight against the war, everyone in the 25th Division was filled with righteous indignation, and Commander Guan was even more angry and led the team to fight, but in the end he was defeated. If you are not as skilled as others, even if you have the ambition to destroy the enemy, you will only sigh.
is contrary to the impression of "strong troops" from the outside world. The 25th Division was expanded from the Independent Brigade of the Fourth Division on January 1 of that year. Without effective training, it rushed north to fight against Japan in late February. The equipment was extremely incomplete. The logistics battalion was also established when it was ordered to drive north. Except for a little mortar , there were no mountain and field artillery. It was really unsatisfied to use only four infantry regiments to deal with the powerful Japanese invaders with modern equipment. The soldiers were of low quality, so Commander Guan himself said that the soldiers beside him could not use grenades and threw them out without pulling the lead. Therefore, Commander Guan said that in the future, the soldiers of the 25th Division must drop several grenades to be considered passing. Such military qualities are different from those of the Japanese invaders.
geographical conditions are also an important issue. Great Wall Anti-Japanese War , the Kuomintang army was defending by dangerous means, and seemed to have a advantage in the territory, but facing Japanese aircraft and cannons, these advantages were gone, and even a decent hidden ground could not be provided with a dangerous pass. Without air defense weapon and no experience in air combat, they could only let the Japanese bombardment. Just after receiving the defense on March 10, the 25th Division had suffered considerable casualties due to Japanese bombings before the battle, which laid a great hidden danger for the subsequent two days of battle. Fortunately, the officers and soldiers were very determined and their positions remained unmoved, so they could deal with the Japanese invaders for two days in the next desperate battle.
There are also friendly forces who are not working together to fight the war, creating such a huge hole as the General Tower, shaking all defense lines.
As for the counterattack that Yao Guojun mentioned, I don’t know if Commander Guan did have such an arrangement. Even if there were, it would be difficult to achieve the situation at that time. After fighting on the 11th, the 25th Division suffered huge losses in each unit, and only two company reserve teams, it was extremely difficult to defend the existing position. Where can we get the spare energy to counterattack? Du Yuming also said that Xu Tingyao only arrived in Miyun that night, so Xu came to Gubeikou to be gone, and it was said that it was false to obstruct the counterattack.
battle until the evening of the 11th, and the defeat was destined. Whether it was counterattack or defending, it could not reverse the current situation. But if it was not the current deployment at the beginning, but the area where the 25th Division and the 112th Division were deployed, the 25th Division took over the front line of General Tower in Gubeikou and allowed the 112th Division to occupy the Great Wall to the west of Gubeikou and north of Hexi Town, the situation might be much better. General Tower would not have been lost so quickly.
Old photos of Luowenyu Anti-Japanese War (pictures from the Internet)
But now that's it, what's the point of this? If you want to say it, it should be explained. Unfortunately, Brigade Commander Du Yuming did explain this meaning to Commander Guan before. What Du So meant was that the Northeast army was determined to retreat and could not be able to fight if it stayed. Once Gubeikou was lost, it would be quite difficult to defend the second line. It would be better to be at ease if you defend it yourself. Commander Guan was eager to defend the front of Gubeikou at that time. The 25th Division of the Northeast Army occupied the second-line position in Nancheng, saying that he was not afraid of the 112th Division losing his position, and the 25th Division could restore the position by a counterattack. Therefore, he was very unhappy with Brigade Commander Du's proposal. It is not clear whether Commander Guan can solve the problem with a counterattack by then, but the real intention of Commander Guan, let alone Brigade Commander Du, was tacitly understood by Commander Wang Yizhe and Commander Zhang Tingshu present. The final arrangement of
is basically as follows: Teacher Guan’s intention. But Commander Zhang Tingshu was also careful. He left only one infantry regiment. When the General Tower position was broken, all the regiment retreated, exposing the 25th Division's Longeryu position and the Nancheng defense line to the Japanese army, and they would be divided into two. This situation was unexpected by Commander Guan. In shock, he had to take the initiative to turn the tide. He fought hard, but failed.This unbearable result can also be said to be a mistake.
