Self-deprecating edit
The official name of the Helen Prison Camp is the Heilongjiang Helen Shelter of Chinese German and Austrian prisoners of war. The main hosts are German and Austrian troops and diplomats captured in China during World War I .
On July 28, 1914, World War I broke out and ended on November 11, 1918. The party participating in the war was an allies composed of German , Austro-Hungarian , Ottoman , Bulgaria , and the opposing party was an Allied power composed of Britain, France, Russian , Italy and the United States. The battlefield was in Europe (so it was called the "European War").
Feng Wenshu wrote in 1921 and Li Xuetong and Gu Weiming's "Chinese German and Austrian Prisoners of War Camp" record the Helen Prisoners of War Camp.
"Helen Miscellaneous Poems" 6 reads: "The desolation and celebration of the commander-in-chief, and the wealthy scholars were promoted to Sun Xiucai. The halal school was suspended and the charity association was reopened. The prisoners were given preferential treatment, and hungry people came from afar. In the year of prosperity, the valley was accumulated to prepare for partial disasters." The author Feng Wenshu noted: "China declared war, and prisoners from various countries were scattered in various counties, named foreign guests. In the winter of the sixth year, prisoners were set up in Helen. There were as many as 150 prisoners sent to each county, with most of Germany and Austria. Several officers were in charge of their affairs, with good food and clothing, free people, and guarded by the military police and army. Their headquarters were withdrawn in the spring of the ninth year and merged into the provincial capital."
Helen prisoner camp was opened in the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917). "Chinese German and Austrian Prisoners of War Camp" records: "The Helen Prisoners of War Shelter in Hailun County, Heilongjiang Province was opened on March 9, 1917. In 1919, 170 prisoners were housed."
The address of the Helen Prisoner of War Camp is in the old barracks northwest of Heilun County. This is the Baqi Barracks established by Qingqi, the deputy commander of Tongken. It is also the earliest building in Heilun City. The address is today's Heilun Minfu Hospital, which was established by Heilongjiang Provincial Government , and later under the jurisdiction of the Army Department of the Beiyang Government of China. The battlefield of World War I was in Europe, thousands of miles away from Asia and China. Why were there prisoners camps in Hailun County, Suihua, Heilongjiang Province, China?
After the outbreak of World War I, on March 14, 1917, the Beiyang government of China announced the rupture of diplomatic relations with Germany, and the ambassador to Germany, Yan Huiqing, was ordered to lower the flag and return to China. On August 14, 1917, the Beiyang government officially announced the declaration of war on Germany, the Canadian Allies, and expanded the scope of declaration of war to Austria . It was announced that China and Germany and Austria were in a state of war since 10:00 a.m. on August 14, 1917. After declaring war, in accordance with the 1907 "Land War Regulations and Practices" of the Hague Convention, all German and Austrian soldiers in China should be sheltered and special institutions should be set up to manage it. On September 4, 1917, the Beiyang Government established the Prisoners Intelligence Bureau of the Army Department, responsible for the shelter, custody, liaison, communication and other specific matters of prisoners. The Ministry of the Army Prisoners Intelligence Bureau successively "set two shelters in Kinki Zone, one in Langrun Garden, Haidian to detain the guards of the German embassy. It was set up in Xiyuan to detain the Austrian prisoners. It was further punished in Fengtian, Jilin, Heilongjiang, etc. in Nanjing outside the capital to contain German and Austrian prisoners from all provinces and nearby places." (China German and Austrian prisoners camp" determined that the Helen prisoners shelter was established before China officially broke off diplomatic relations with Germany, and of course it was also before the establishment of the Ministry of the Army Prisoners Intelligence Bureau. At that time, the figures of German soldiers had appeared in Heilongjiang Province. The governor of Guo Zongxi ordered a section chief of the Provincial Negotiation Bureau to be responsible for organizing the shelter of German and Austrian prisoners of war.
All China has 7 prisoner shelters. According to the arrangement of the Prisoners of Li Intelligence Bureau of the Chinese Army, seven shelters were set up in Nanjing, Beijing and Heilongjiang, Jilin. These seven shelters are:
Nanjing shelter. The address was opened on October 10, 2011, and the address was Dingjiaqiao, Sanpailou, Nanjing. The replenished house is the western building of the Provincial Council Members' apartment, which houses 65 prisoners.
Jilin shelter was opened on October 23, and the address was outside the west city of Jilin Province. The replenished house is the old Tonglingbu western building, which houses 76 prisoners.
Heilongjiang Province Heilun Shelter was opened on March 9, 2011, and the address was located in the northwest of Hailun County. The replenished house is the old military building, which houses 170 prisoners.
Haidian (Haidian District) Shelter was opened on April 3, 2016. Its address is in Xihaidian, Beijing ( Haidian District ). The replenished house is a residential bungalow in Langrunyuan, which houses 49 prisoners.
Xiyuan Shelter was opened on September 3, 2016. It is located in Wanshou Temple, Wanshou Temple, Wanshou North outside Xizhimen, Beijing. It is an old traveler who has been in charge of 162 prisoners.
Xiyuan New House was opened on July 29, 2018. It is located in the old barracks of the 51st Regiment of Liangju Soldiers outside Xizhimen, Beijing. The replenishment house is the 51st Regiment of the 52nd Regiment, which houses 82 prisoners.
Longjiang (Qiqihar City) shelter was opened on September 15, 2018. It is located in Xidaying, Heilong Province. The replenished house is an old soldier house, which houses 456 prisoners.
or above 7 shelters have taken in total 1,060 prisoners.
The prisoners contained in the Helen prisoner camp were "Northeast fugitive prisoners". "Northeast escaped prisoners" refer to prisoners from Germany and Austria who fled to the East China region of China.
"Northeast Flight Captives" consists of two parts, most of which are German and Austrian prisoners who fled in Russian prisoners of war camps. "Chinese German-Austrian Prisoner of War Camp" records: After the outbreak of the European War, German-Austrian prisoners of war who were captured alive by Russian troops during previous years were sent to the sparsely populated Siberian and the Far East China Sea, where Russia established many prisoner shelters. As there are more and more prisoners of war and Russia's extensive management of prisoners of war, prisoners often take the opportunity to escape and wander around in the Russian Far East Sea. Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province, which border Russia, naturally became a wandering place for German and Austrian prisoners. "After 1915, there were a lot more foreigners in the Heilongjiang area. It was obvious that these people were not dressed like rich people, but like refugees, but they didn't know which country they belonged to. It was not until these people were officially captured that people knew that they were Germans. And most of the captured people were nationals, not soldiers."
Later on April 19, 1921, German Army Lieutenant Maiya published a text titled "German Telling the Situation of Chinese Treatment of Captives" in " Declaration " Chapter, the article preached that after he was captured, he was imprisoned in Siberia for two years. "The clothes were dirty, and a hundred people were in a room, and the suffering was unreportable." In the spring of 1917, he "solved out of the place, staggered on the road, suffered a lot of hardships, either hiking or riding a horse, or sometimes walking with camels, and he could treat each other well along the way, and he felt at ease. He planned to travel about seven weeks and even northeast of China. There was another small part of it, the Turkish prisoners who fled in the Russian prisoner-of-war camp.
Note: The information comes from "The Beautiful Capital, Helen"
