Magical Ancient Robots We are now in our era of advanced technology, and if we look at ancient times, we can actually know the great wisdom of the ancients!
For modern people, robots have been used in various fields. Any task that cannot be completed by humans
can be completed by high-tech robots. Robots are not a product of modern society. From 770 BC to 256 BC during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Chinese had invented ancient robots. These robots are not only exquisite, but also versatile, and all reflect the endless wisdom of the ancient Chinese.
1. Robot Kabuki
It is recorded in "Liezi·Tangwen" that King Mu of Zhou Dynasty met the strange
Yanshi in a distant foreign land when he was on a hunting tour to the west. Yanshi presented a puppet robot to King Zhou Mu. This robot is good at singing and dancing. It is the earliest robot in China to record
.
Guide car
According to records, this robot can move forward, backward, forward and backward, and its movements are exactly like those of a real person. When you move your chin, you can emit a beautiful singing voice, and when you move your arms,
will sway and dance, making you The onlookers were extremely surprised. King Zhou Mu found
interesting and even asked his beloved concubine to come out to watch.
However, when the performance was about to end, the puppet man winked at King Zhou Mu's favorite
Concubine. This made King Zhou Mu furious. He thought it was a robot dressed as a real person, so he wanted to execute Yanshi.
Compass car
So Yanshi took apart the robot. King Zhou Mu stepped forward to take a closer look and found that the internal organs of the robot were similar to those of real people. The muscles, joints, fur, teeth, and hair were also complete. However, they were all fake. Once combined, they looked like real people. Just as vivid as
. If the heart is removed, the robot cannot speak, if the liver is removed, the robot cannot see, and if the kidneys are removed, the robot cannot walk.
After King Zhou Mu saw it, he was sincerely convinced and marveled at the superb
engraving techniques of Yanshi.
2. The robot cleverly retreated
A high-tech product - the robot
Han Gaozu Liu Bang was once besieged by the Xiongnu Chanyu Maodun. Counselor
Chen Ping learned that Maodun's wife Yanshi had a jealous character.
So Chen Ping ordered the craftsmen to make an exquisite wooden robot. Put on beautiful clothes on the wooden robot, dress it up in a fancy way, and paint its face with rouge to make it look more handsome. Then put it on the city wall
, turn off the engine, and the robot will dance gracefully, gracefully and lovable. The Yan family saw this scene very clearly outside the city and mistook the dancing robot for a real human beauty. Fearing that after the city was destroyed, Mao Dun would favor this beautiful girl from the Central Plains and neglect her, so she persuaded Mao Dun to abandon it. Go to the city.
3. Waiter robot
Tang Dynasty person Zhang Yuan recorded in "Jin Zai of Chao Ye": Yin Wenliang of Luozhou once served as a county magistrate. He had a clever personality
and liked drinking. He built a wooden robot and dressed it in silk and satin; he asked the robot to get wine for him. This "waitress" is always polite and courteous when drinking wine.
4. A robot that can make money
" Chao Ye Qian Zai " records that during the Tang Dynasty, a craftsman named Yang Wulian in Hangzhou developed a robot modeled after a monk. When the money is full, it will be automatically collected. And
will also bow to the donor. The citizens of Hangzhou rushed to invest money in this bowl to watch this wonderful performance
. It can earn thousands of dollars for its owner every day. It can be called ingenious and wise in making money.
5. The earliest production robot
Shi Wangzhi of Liuzhou in the Tang Dynasty developed a robot similar to Otter . It can sink in rivers and lakes, and after catching a fish
, its head will emerge from the water. Why can it catch fish? It turns out that there is
fishing bait in the mouth of this robot, and it can sink into the water by dangling it with a stone.When the fish eats the bait, the robot's mouth closes,
holds the fish in its mouth, and then surfaces. This is the world's first robot used in production.
Ancient directional navigation device
A compass car
A compass car, also known as Sinan car, is a vehicle used to indicate directions in ancient China. Different from the compass that uses the geomagnetic
effect, it uses the differential gear principle and the gear transmission system. According to the rotation of the wheels, the wooden man on the car indicates the direction. No matter which way the car turned, the wooden man's hand always pointed south.
Regarding the earliest compass car , it is said that it was built by the Yellow Emperor 5,000 years ago. It is said that at that time, the Yellow Emperor used it to guide the direction on the foggy battlefield, and finally defeated the powerful enemy Chiyou. In the early days of the Western Zhou , when the Yue
Tang people in the south got lost when they returned home, Duke Zhou used a compass to escort the Yue Tang envoys back home.
As time goes by, the manufacturing process of compasses is also changing. In addition to gear transmission, the CSR made by Ma Jun in the Three Kingdoms era also had an automatic clutch device. The gear transmission system and clutch device were used to indicate the direction. According to research, Ma Jun invented the compass in 235 AD. However, although there are records of this compass, the manufacturing method
has been lost.
Compared with the previous compass manufacturing process, the truly valuable record is the description of the structure and technical specifications of the compass made by Yan
Su and Wu Deren in "History of Song Dynasty·Yu Fu Zhi", which has also become the most valuable record in the history of the world. Valuable engineering
literature.
Yansu 's guide car is a two-wheeled single-column car with a wooden figure standing on the car, extending its arms to guide. In addition to the two casters (i.e. wheels) that roll along the front of the ground, there are 7 gears of different sizes on the car. According to the records in "History of Song Dynasty·Yu Fu Zhi", there are strict regulations on the diameter or circumference of these gears, as well as the tooth pitch and number of teeth of some of them. And
ensures that the number of teeth and the number of rotations can be used as a wooden guide. It can be seen that the ancients mastered the mechanical knowledge about gear matching and the method of controlling the gear clutch. The wheel rotates, driving the vertical gear on the attachment
, which in turn rotates the
small flat wheel meshed with it, and the small flat wheel drives the central large flat wheel. Referring to the
Nanmu man, the vertical axis is installed in the center of the large flat wheel. When the car turns a corner, you only need to operate the clutch device on the car, that is, the bamboo rope, the
pulley (the small wheel on the left or right side of the car respectively) and the iron
pendant, to control the rotation of the large flat wheel, thereby making the
guide car Turn!
The direction of the wooden person remains unchanged. For example, when the car turns right, its front axle will be to the right and the rear axle will be to the left. At this time, just lift the rope at the rear end of the pulley to make the left small flat wheel fall and separate from the big flat wheel; at the same time, make the right small flat wheel rise to mesh with the big flat wheel, and the big flat wheel will reverse with the right small flat wheel. Since each gear is properly matched
the arc of the wheel turning is the same as the reverse arc of the large flat wheel, so the direction of the wooden man remains unchanged.
However, the guide car manufactured by Yansu cannot turn into a big bend, otherwise the pointing will fail, which often leads to the direction of the guide car being confused in actual
applications.
In response to this major technical problem, Wu Deren designed and manufactured a new manual
truck. The basic principle of the guide car he made is the same as that of Yansun, but it is more complicated in terms of the attached device. His car is divided into two floors: upper and lower. In addition to the wooden guide on the upper level, there are also 2 turtles, 4 cranes and 4 children around the wooden man. The 13 intermeshing gears on the upper layer are designed for them. The gear device and structure of the lower layer are as mentioned above. It was he who invented the sheave
clutch device to ensure that the car can turn sharp corners without affecting the direction of the wooden man.
The guide car is the first machine with coordinated stability in human history; when the driver and the vehicle look at
as a whole, it is the first G-controlled machine.The creation of the compass car marked that ancient China had made great achievements in the application of gear transmission and clutch. In addition, the compass car not only serves to indicate directions, but is also one of the vehicles used as a guard of honor when ancient emperors went out to show the majesty and luxury of the imperial power.
