[Materials]
"Zizhi Tongjian" Han Dynasty Emperor Xiaoxian, the twelfth year of Jian'an, early 207 AD, Langxie Zhuge Liang lived in Longzhong, Xiangyang, and was compared with Guan Zhong and Leyi . At that time, no one agreed, but Yingchuan Xu Shu and Cui Zhouping said they believed it. Zhou Ping, the son of Lie.
[Translation]
At first, Zhuge Liang, a native of Langxie, lived in Longzhong, Xiangyang, and often compared himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi. People at that time did not recognize it, only Xu Shu and Cui Zhouping of Yingchuan County thought it was indeed the case. Cui Zhouping is Cui Lie's son.
[Analysis]
1. Does Zhuge Liang want to leave the mountain?
Zhuge Liang said in his apprenticeship list that Gou Quan lived in troubled times and did not seek to learn and reach the princes. Therefore, many people think that Zhuge Liang did not want to leave the mountain.
It was only because the late emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable, and he was in vain, and he paid attention to his ministers in the thatched cottage three times, and because Liu Bei valued him, he decided to leave the mountain.
Admittedly, I thought that before meeting Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang really didn’t want to leave the mountain, but this didn’t mean he really didn’t want to leave the mountain, but because he would rather lack than be indiscriminate, and he didn’t meet the Ming Lord, so he didn’t want to leave the mountain.
The reason why Zhuge Liang compares himself to Guan Zhong and Leyi, and why he and Pang Tong are called Crouching Dragons and Phoenix Youngs, are actually signs of wanting to get out of the business. After all, who would advertise if they don't plan to sell products?
At that time, once you became famous and became a celebrity, you successfully attracted the attention of the monarch and was recruited. If you refused to obey the order, it was a very serious matter. Whether you accepted the recruitment or not was not yours to decide.
For example, Sima Yi:
" Jin Shu ": and Wei Wu was the prime minister, and he was also appointed as a literary official. The edict said: "If Panhuan is restored, he will take it." The emperor was afraid and took office. So the envoy traveled with the prince, moved to the Huangmen Minister, transferred Yilang, the Prime Minister Dongcao, and looked for the transfer to the chief register.
Another example is Hanji :
Nanyang Hanji avoided Yuan Shu's order and moved to Shandu Mountain. Liu Biao established it again, so he fled to live in Xiaoling. Expressing deep hatred and fear, he obeyed his orders and excepted the Yicheng chief.
This Han Ji is a descendant of King Xin of Han. He was the leader of a wealthy family in Nanyang and later became Cao Wei Situ. When Yuan Shu occupied Nanyang, he originally ran to Liu Biao's territory to avoid Yuan Shu's recruitment, but Liu Biao recruited him as an official again. , he wanted to run again. . .
Therefore, in that era, if someone really didn’t want to be an official and wanted to separate the princes and treat themselves as transparent and invisible, how could they commit suicide to promote themselves?
So I said, Zhuge Liang wanted to be an official.
2. Zhuge Liang had many choices
To say why Zhuge Liang chose Liu Bei, first we have to see if Zhuge Liang had any choice, and whether he followed Liu Bei because he had no choice.
In fact, Zhuge Liang had many choices. Zhuge Gui had three sons and two daughters. The eldest son Zhuge Jin served as the chief historian of Sun Quan. Later, he transferred to Sima, and Zhang Zhao took over as the chief historian.
Zhong Sima is actually a lieutenant. Sun Quan is not high enough, so he can only be called Zhong Sima. What a lieutenant is has been said many times before, so I won’t go into details. It is self-evident how important it is in the Soochow camp.
Then there is Zhuge Liang himself. Although Zhuge Liang farmed in the mountains, his wife was Huang Yueying, the daughter of a big shot in JingzhouHuang Chengyan, and Huang Chengyan married the daughter of Cai Xi, a wealthy family in Jingzhou.
Xiang Chi Teeth " Xiangyang Ji": At the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhu Cai was the most prosperous. Cai Xi's sister is Taiwei Zhang Wen; the eldest daughter is Huang Chengyan's wife, and the younger daughter is Liu Jingsheng's later wife, Mao's sister.
Xi Zhuozhi was a native of Xiangyang, and was the chief official of the Eastern Jin powerful official Huan Wen . Xi Zhuozhi was born around AD 320, the end of the Three Kingdoms 280 years. At the same time, Xi Zhuozhi was also a famous historian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Cai Xi's eldest daughter married Huang Chengyan, his younger daughter married Liu Biao, and his son Cai Mao commanded the Jingzhou troops. In other words, Huang Yueying's mother and Liu Biao's wife are sisters. Huang Yueying calls Liu Biao uncle and Cai Mao uncle.
Because of this relationship, Zhuge Liang is very talkative in the top circles in Jingzhou. This is one of the reasons why Zhuge Liang was able to help Liu Bei gain a foothold in Jingzhou after the Battle of Chibi.
Let’s talk about Zhuge Liang’s two sisters:
"Xiangyang Ji": Qin followed his ancestor Qifu, who was the eldest sister of Zhuge Kongming.
Degongzi Shanmin, who also had a royal name, married Zhuge Kongming's younger sister, and became the official of Wei Huangmen. He died early.
Kuai Qi is the nephew of Kuai Yue , Pang Shanmin is the son of Pang De Gong , and Pang De Gong's nephew is called Pang Tong. These are all marriages between Jingzhou's wealthy families. Due to space limitations, they will not be repeated.
This Langya Zhuge family came from Jingzhou as a refugee, so how could he immediately marry into a powerful family in Jingzhou? I think the main reason is Zhuge Jin. Jingzhou's powerful men are playing idle chess.
Since Zhuge Jin is the original shareholder of the Soochow Group, and Jingzhou is located in the upper reaches of Soochow, the Lord Wu has the intention of annexing it, so the Jingzhou Group has established a relationship in advance.
They must have done the same thing in the Wei State, but it just happened that the Langya Zhuge clan broke out at the end of the Han Dynasty, so it was recorded in the annals of history.
I’m going too far, I won’t go into details anymore, that’s enough, so I will say that Zhuge Liang actually had many choices, and Liu Bei was not the only choice.
He could either defect to his brother in Jiangdong or work under his uncle Liu Biao. If things went badly, he could also join the Cai family and the Kuai family as a capitulation faction and surrender to Cao Cao without losing Cao Cao's job.
No matter in Soochow or Cao Wei, given time and the talent of Marquis Wu, the lower limit of his official career is the governor of the county, and the upper limit is immeasurable. Sima Yi is still a literary rafter at this time. If Kong Ming chooses Cao Cao, what will happen to Sima Yi?
3. Why did Zhuge Liang choose Liu Bei?
Let’s talk about Cao Cao first. Zhuge Liang also said it to himself in Longzhong. Cao Cao has millions of soldiers, so he can’t compete with him. But why didn’t Marquis Wu join him even though he knew he couldn’t defeat him?
I speculate that the reason why Zhuge Liang did not vote for Cao Cao was mainly because of the Xuzhou Massacre. In 193, Cao Cao recruited millions of new Yellow Turbans.
In order to gain wealth and living space and release class contradictions, when attacking Xuzhou , he could not hold down his troops and massacred the northern part of Xuzhou, and Marquis Wu was a native of Langya country in the northern part of Xuzhou.
In the fourth year of Chuping, Cao Cao attacked Qian and defeated Fu Yang in Pengcheng. He retreated modestly to protect Tan, but because he could not be defeated by the attack, he returned.
Guo Bula, Ju Ling, and Xia Qiu were all slaughtered. Hundreds of thousands of men and women were killed, and no chickens or dogs were left. Surabaya did not survive. They were the protectors of the five counties, and there was no trace of them again. "
That's right, it was the Langya Kingdom where Cao Cao's father took refuge with gold and silver. Marquis Wu was born in 181, and the Xuzhou Massacre happened in 193. Zhuge Liang, who was twelve or thirteen years old, had seen Cao Cao and The Yellow Turban Army is responsible for the crimes in the countryside.
Another thing is Zhuge Xuan. Zhuge Liang's father was Zhuge Gui, who died early after the Xuzhou Massacre. Zhuge Liang's brothers and sisters fled to Lujiang .
Later, the older Zhuge Jin went to Jiangdong alone to develop, while Zhuge Xuan accepted Yuan Shu's call and became the Yuzhang prefect appointed by Yuan Shu.
html In 1197, the Skeleton King Yuan Shu brazenly proclaimed himself emperor, causing national infamy. Zhuge Xuan instantly became a pseudo-prefect because of his unkind behavior, so Zhuge Xuan defected to Liu Biao again.
It was probably around this time that Zhuge Liang and these little kids went to Jingzhou. They were not just saying they wanted to take refuge, they had to hand over hostages, right? So Zhuge Liang was actually a hostage in Jingzhou at the beginning.
At the same time, I heard that the public sentiment was raging, and Cao Cao also sent a Yuzhang prefect in the name of Emperor Xian of the Han to take over Yuzhang County . This man's name was Zhu Hao, and his father was responsible for suppressing the Yellow Turban Uprising Zhu Jun, one of the three great generals.
Then, there is the battle between the real and fake Monkey King in Yuzhang County. Zhu Hao is the Yuzhang prefect appointed by the imperial court, and Zhuge Xuan is the Yuzhang prefect appointed by Liu Biao. With two yamen governing a place, naturally there is no room for two tigers in one mountain.
In the end, Zhuge Xuan was defeated in the political and military struggles and was defeated and killed.
In the first month of the second year of Jian'an (197), the residents of Xicheng rebelled, killed Zhuge Xuan, beheaded him and sent it to Liu Yao.
This Liu Yao was the Yangzhou governor appointed by the imperial court.
To sum up, for Zhuge Liang, when he was twelve or thirteen years old, he saw with his own eyes that his hometown was slaughtered by Cao Cao and the Surabaya River was not left behind. His uncle Zhuge Xuanyou, who took him to escape, died because of his confrontation with Cao Cao. If it were me, I would never take refuge with Cao Cao.
Although Cao Cao had his own reasons for slaughtering Xuzhou and it was difficult, but it happened to him, from a perceptual point of view, the shadow of a young man, the violent death of a loved one.
No Virgin Mary’s reasons and excuses can heal the trauma in Marquis Wu’s heart. Even if it is understandable rationally, it is completely unacceptable emotionally.
Therefore, even though Zhuge Liang knew that Cao Cao could not compete with him, he still wanted to compete with him, because he could not bend his eyebrows and obey Cao Cao and recognize the thief.
Let’s talk about Sun Quan again. Sun Quan’s attitude towards Zhuge Liang can be said to be Chai Sang’s misunderstanding. After that, he repeatedly encouraged Zhuge Jin to poach himself. However, Zhuge Liang’s attitude towards Sun Quan was clearly rejected:
"Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang's Biography": Zhang Zibu (Zhang Zhao) recommended Liang to Sun Quan, but Liang refused to stay.
Someone asked him why, and he said: "General Sun can be called the master of men, but judging from his temperament, he can be virtuous and bright, but not as bright as possible, so I won't keep him."
Why did Zhuge Liang say that Sun Quan was able to be virtuous and bright, but not as bright as possible? The fundamental reason lies in the institutional problems of Soochow. As we mentioned in the article Sun Quan Never Fell, Sun Quan took the initiative to transfer his interests in order to unite the members of the organization, so that there were many hilltops in Soochow, and vested interest groups is unbreakable.
Sun Quan is the largest of these mountains, similar to the Jiangdong co-ancestor of Emperor Zhou. However, what Zhuge Liang advocated was the Legalist way of governing the country, and the whole country system was used to make a profit.
With an organizational structure like Sun Quan’s with intertwined interest factions, it can be said that it is very difficult to reform and do big things. For details, please refer to Wu Qi who went to Chu during the Zhou Dynasty.
It is precisely because of the dense hills and intertwined powerful factions that it is difficult for Soochow's power to be used in one place. Therefore, when faced with a powerful external threat such as the Battle of Chibi, a joint force can be formed, but to fight an offensive war is a foreign war. , created the great achievements of Sun Shiwan in Hefei City.
Because if Cao Cao destroys Soochow, these mountainous interests will no longer be able to survive, so the factions can temporarily give up their prejudices and act in unison.
But when it comes to fighting an offensive war, the enthusiasm of everyone is not high, because in ancient times, interests centered on population and land.
Sun Quan captured Hefei, and the forces in various hills are distributed in Wu Kingdom . Some can get a share of the pie, and some are beyond reach. How do you think everyone should divide it? Those who do not get the benefits will naturally work hard to preserve their strength.
This is the essential reason why Zhuge Liang said that Sun Quan was capable and talented but could not do his best. Even Zhuge Liang would find it difficult to break the situation in this political atmosphere.
If Zhuge Liang forced himself to be an independent minister to reform and break the situation, intensifying conflicts, he might become Sun Quan's sacrifice to appease interest groups, just like Chao Cuo.
More importantly, ensuring the political interests of the Soochow interest groups is the line of confrontation between Sun Quan and Cao Cao. If the mountains are leveled, why should they follow Sun Quan if they don't get any benefits? Why not follow Cao Cao? If Zhuge Liang did this in Soochow, Sun Quan would be the first to let him go.
To sum up, Zhuge Liang did not want to vote for Cao Cao and Sun Quan. So, Liu Bei, who had worked for others for half his life, was different. Although Liu Bei was in decline at this time, he had already become famous all over the world as a hero.
He was a descendant of the Eastern Han royal family and had the faith of his elders. When Cao Cao was massacring Xuzhou, it was Liu Bei who defended Xuzhou:
Cao Gong conquered Xuzhou, and the Xuzhou herder Tao Qian sent envoys to Tian Kai, Kai and the First Lord both saved him. At that time, the First Lord had more than a thousand soldiers and Youzhou Wuwan and mixed barbarian cavalry, and he also captured thousands of hungry people.
As soon as he arrived, Qian sent Danyang soldiers four thousand to benefit the late master, and the late master then left Kai to return to Qian. Qian Biao first served as the governor of Yuzhou, and settled in Xiaopei.
Or maybe Zhuge Liang, who was fleeing the massacre in his hometown, once passed by Xiaopei and passed Liu Bei on horseback. The backlight of the setting sun projected Liu Bei's image into the mind of the young Zhuge Liang, and he couldn't get it away.
In summary, there is really no better choice besides Liu Bei when Wolong comes out of the mountain.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang decided to devote his whole life to devoting himself to death. Seeing the dragon in the field and benefiting from the adults, Wolong finally decided to leave the mountain.
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