Chairman Mao met with Montgomery
on the battle of the "Four Crossings of the Chishui River". Experts and scholars from the military and historical circles have conducted countless analysis and research. Their research results are often tens of thousands of words, which often make readers dizzy and dizzy.
is the same as Marshal Montgomery's "dazzling" feeling, "Four Crossings of Chishui" does give people a dreamy impression.
In this battle that lasted more than three months, Chairman Mao made many tricks, using multiple tricks together, and interlocking them. It is no exaggeration to say that the great man directed an unpredictable war drama.
Chairman Mao brought his military wisdom to the extreme. A military expert said, "The battle of the 'Four Crossings of Chishui' created three bests:
has the highest density of k, Chiang Kai-shek overwhelmed;
has the most variables - making Chiang Kai-shek unable to defend;
the most impeccable - encountering such matches as Chairman Mao Chiang Kai-shek could only feel sad and sigh.
According to me, I should also add a "best" to the "Four Crossings of Chishui" - the most dazzling.
Please see the "Four Crossings of Chishui River" (see the picture below), and you will be blinded by the twists and turns and ever-changing red lines on the picture.
Schematic diagram of the Four Crossings of Chishui
It is said that after Central Red Army got rid of the siege of hundreds of thousands of troops of the Kuomintang, the Kuomintang held a "battle review meeting".
In order to restore the full picture of the "Four Crossings of Chishui" campaign, several staff officers worked all night long. The route of the Kuomintang and the Communist armies was restored on the map.
However, at the beginning of the "Battle Review Letter", Chiang Kai-shek asked Chen Cheng to to remove the map.
Why did Chiang Kai-shek do this? Chen Cheng later explained, "The map is covered with red and blue lines, crisscrossing, like a mess. "
" More importantly, the red lines representing Red Army are constantly changing their direction, and there is no rule to follow. "
Chen Cheng said, "The president felt that he couldn't understand and could not read that map, so he asked me to remove the map. "
It seems that Montgomery is not only dazzling by the "Four Crossings of Chishui" but also Chiang Kai-shek, the witness.
So, how did Chairman Mao plan the "Four Crossings of Chishui" route? Among them, how many dazzling strategies did Chairman Mao use?
"Four Crossings of Chishui" preface - The great man was ordered in the face of danger, and the Red Army avoided the real and attacked the virtual.
In October 1934, the main force of the Red Army was forced to withdraw from the base area that had been established and began a large-scale strategic transfer.
After experiencing the "Battle of Xiangjiang River", although the Red Army broke through the four enemy blockade lines, its strength dropped sharply from more than 80,000 people at the time of departure to less than 40,000.
At that time, facing the encirclement and interception of more than 400,000 enemy troops, the Red Army's actual commander-in-chief, German consultant Li De still insisted on implementing the original plan and pinned his hopes on joining the Red Second and Red Sixth Corps.
Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and other Red Army leaders were very clear that Chiang Kai-shek had already deployed heavy troops on the only way for the Red Army. If the plan was not changed, the Red Army would suffer even heavier losses and even face the danger of the destruction of the entire army.
They had objections to Li De's decision, but There is no better solution for the moment.
At this time, Chairman Mao, who had been "standing on the side" for nearly two years, spoke.
Chairman Mao pointed out without hesitation that if the established route is not changed, the Red Army will suffer a catastrophe.
Where should the Red Army go?
Chairman Mao said: "There is only one way to live in Guizhou. "
Chairman Mao's reason is that the Red Army's redirection to Guizhou will be able to get rid of the enemy's main force, and Guizhou is an area with relatively weak enemy forces.
Chairman Mao's words gave most comrades in the Central Military Commission hope. In the end, Li De had to accept the opinions of most comrades and agreed with Chairman Mao's suggestions.
Chairman Mao during the Red Army
Later situation was as Chairman Mao estimated, the Red Army suddenly changed the direction of the marching, ran away the Guizhou army relatively easily, broke through Wujiang , occupied Zunyi City, and obtained a rare place to breathe.
in Zunyi , the central government held the Zunyi Conference, which will be recorded in history forever. The meeting corrected the military errors of "left" dogmatism and actually established Mao Zedong's leadership position in the Red Army and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
However, Chairman Mao did not come in one step, but was identified as Comrade Zhou Enlai's "military assistant", similar to Comrade Zhou Enlai's chief of staff.
The Red Army's move to Guizhou and occupy Zunyi surprised and shocked Chiang Kai-shek. He hurriedly mobilized 150 regiments of troops and rushed towards Zunyi area with great momentum.
Like the previous several encirclement operations, Chiang Kai-shek was still so generous in his "taken" and with a command, hundreds of thousands of troops rushed to Zunyi from all directions.
The difference from the past is that the Red Army has changed from completely passive to strategic initiative, and Chiang Kai-shek's hundreds of thousands of troops have been held by the Red Army.
The enemy is large and we are few, the enemy is strong and we are weak, and Zunyi City is in danger. How should the Red Army respond?
"head-on-head" and "fight to the enemy to the death" is not the combat method used by Chairman Mao. "Freeze" and "dogma" have never been the style of action that Chairman Mao admires. Chairman Mao, who was appointed in danger, quickly came up with a countermeasure: abandon the plan to establish a base in Guizhou, break out of the enemy's encirclement, the Red Army entered Sichuan from southern Sichuan to join with the Red Fourth Front Army, and then established a red base in Sichuan.
Once crossing the Chishui River, Chairman Mao, who was the Red Army commander, encountered a "black opening".
On January 19, 1935, the Central Red Army divided into three groups, advancing from Songkan, Tongzi and Zunyi areas to Tucheng, and on the 27th, all arrived at the area east of the Chishui River in .
At this moment, the famous Sichuan Army general Guo Xunqi led his troops to follow him.
Chairman Mao immediately decided to fight an annihilation battle in Tucheng and cut off Guo Xunqi's annoying "tail".
This is the first battle commanded by Chairman Mao after the Zunyi Conference. Chairman Mao naturally knew the importance of this battle. If he won, the morale of the entire army would be boosted.
However, due to the incorrect information, after the Battle of Tucheng began, the Red Army realized that Guo Xunqi's troops were not two regiments, but two brigades full of troops.
In this way, a war of annihilation with a quick knife to cut the mess became a "tug-of-war". The five divisions of the Red Third Army and the Red Fifth Army used all their strength, but they were unable to defeat Guo Xunqi's well-equipped two brigades.
Oil Painting Battle of Tucheng
Finally, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De personally took the gun into battle, and Chen Geng led the cadre regiment to charge to the death, and then temporarily repelled the enemy.
For Chairman Mao, the defeat in the battle of Tucheng was an accident, but for those who pinned their hopes for victory, Tucheng's defeat was too big a blow to them.
Chairman Mao took the Red Army's seal again, but what he ushered in was not the victory that everyone expected. For a moment, the whole army was talking, the Red Army officers and soldiers were worried, and disharmonious voices sounded again in the army.
In a sluggish and depressed atmosphere, Chairman Mao decisively decided to change his plan and reverse the current unfavorable situation.
Chairman Mao decided to cross the Chishui River from near Tucheng. On January 29, the Red Army divided into three groups, crossing the Chishui River from the Ape and Monkey field and the north and south areas of Tucheng, and heading towards Gulin and Xuyong areas of Sichuan Province.
With the help of the obstruction of the Chishui River, the Red Army finally got rid of the enemy's pursuers, which is the famous "Crossing the Chishui River".
It can be said that "crossing the Chishui River" was forced out by the Kuomintang pursuers, and it was Chairman Mao's proactive emergency move in a passive situation.
is unexpected and attacks it unpredictable - the Red Army "crosses the Chishui River with the second crossing".
After the Red Army "crossed the Chishui River", the Central Red Army still did not break out of the enemy's encirclement. Once entangled by the Sichuan Army, the Red Army's situation was still very dangerous.
Under Chiang Kai-shek's urging, the Sichuan Army almost dispatched all its troops and frantically surrounded the Red Army entering Sichuan.
In Xuyong, Maoba, Daba and other places, the 2nd Division of the Red First Army was stubbornly sniped by the Sichuan Army;
in Tiantangba, the progress of the Red First Army and the Third Army was not very smooth. Obviously, the strength of the Sichuan Army exceeded expectations.
In a very short period of time, Chairman Mao adjusted his plan again and decided to give up his plan to establish a base in Sichuan and instead concentrate on the Thaxi area on the border between Sichuan and Yunnan.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek also adjusted his existing deployment. On the one hand, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Hunan Army to "encircle and suppress" the Red Second and Sixth Corps in Xiangxi . On the other hand, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Xue Yue Corps and the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guizhou-Sichuan Army to besiege the Central Red Army, attempting to encircle and annihilate the Central Red Army to the south of the Yangtze River, west of Xuyong, and east of Hengjiang .
On February 21, Chairman Mao led the Central Red Army to successfully cross the Chishui River eastward, and unexpectedly returned to the weak enemy's troops again.
This is the famous "Two Crossings of Chishui", the Central Red Army "Two Crossings of Chishui", and returned to northern Guizhou. This was a result that Chiang Kai-shek never expected.
Just when Chiang Kai-shek re-spun troops and attempted to stop and encircle and annihilate the Red Army in Loushanguan or the area north of Zunyi, Chairman Mao captured the fighter jet.
From February 24, the pioneer regiment of the Red First Army first captured Tongzi first. Two days later, the Red Army won the critical battle of Loushanguan. In the early morning of February 28, our army once again occupied Zunyi City.
After the Red Army conquered Loushan Pass and seized Zunyi City, Chairman Mao could not curb his inner excitement and wrote the following poem:
The west wind was strong, and the geese in the sky called the frost and morning moon.
Frosted morning moon, horse hooves break, horns snarl.
The road to the highest pass is really as iron as iron, and now we have taken the step back to the beginning.
From the beginning, the mountains are like the sea, and the setting sun is like blood.
黄雨雨雨雨雨雨光成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本成以本�
Crossing the Chishui River three times, Chairman Mao made intensive moves - to beat the east and west, throwing bricks and attracting jade, building a plank road openly, and secretly passing through Chencang.
The Red Army once again captured Zunyi, but the overall situation did not change fundamentally. Chiang Kai-shek's more than 300,000 troops were still advancing step by step.
Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek learned from the past lessons, and the Kuomintang army once again used the "fortress tactics" used during the fifth encirclement and suppression period, trying to wipe out the Red Army in Zunyi area.
At this time, a dispute broke out within the Red Army.
The commander of the Red First Army, Lin Biao and political commissar Nie Rongzhen, were eager to fight. They suggested to the central government that they would first open the new stage of the drums to the Qianxi .
Their consideration is that compared with other Kuomintang troops, the Guizhou troops stationed in the new field of the Guxinchang are not strong in combat effectiveness. The proposal of
was quickly approved by most comrades, "The persimmons must be picked and pinched", and the Red First Army was able to overcome the Guizhou Army.
However, Chairman Mao rejected this plan in one go, and Chairman Mao had a very good reason. Although the Guizhou Army was relatively weak, the enemy near Daguxinchang was strong.
If the Red First Legion attacks the Daguxinchang, the enemy troops around will soon come to reinforce. If you are not careful, the Red First Legion will be surrounded by the enemy at the very least, and at the worst, there will be a danger of the entire army being destroyed.
Although Chairman Mao was earnest and repeatedly explained his views, he failed to convince most of the comrades at the decision-making level.
At the over-democratic enlarged meeting of the Military Commission, the Military Commission adopted the proposal of the Red First Army to attack the new stage by "raising hands" and also revoked Chairman Mao's position as political commissar of the enemy headquarters.
Facing the comrades' misunderstanding and imagining the possible consequences of attacking the new stage, Chairman Mao was furious.
However, the strong sense of responsibility and mission made Chairman Mao calm down quickly. Late at night, Chairman Mao found Comrade Zhou Enlai alone. In order to save the Red Army, Chairman Mao made his final efforts.
Chairman Mao once again explained his opinions to Zhou Enlai and obtained Zhou Enlai's support at the last moment. Next, Zhou Enlai convinced other comrades one by one.
Zhou Enlai during the Red Army
In this conversation, Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai also talked about another issue - the issue of democratization of military decision-making.
Chairman Mao said, "Military issues cannot be about democracy. Should a war be fought? How can such issues be decided by voting?"
On March 11, at a meeting held by the Military Commission, Comrade Zhou Enlai announced two decisions, one was to cancel the plan to attack the new stage of the Guqianchang, and the other was to establish a three-person military leadership group composed of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang.
With Comrade Zhou Enlai's understanding and strong support, Chairman Mao finally came to the center of the "stage".
Immediately afterwards, Chairman Mao issued a combat order on behalf of the "three-man": not to beat the new drum field in the west, but to fight the Luban field in the north.
Some comrades complained that the defenders of Luban field were the headquarters of Zhou Hunyuan , and that bone was not easy to chew. Fight against the strong or the weak, there is no such thing!
A few days later, the main Red Army's attack on Luban failed, and some comrades became even more resentful.
, but Chairman Mao said indifferently, "This is the effect I want. It doesn't matter if Lu Ban can't play, as long as Zhou Hunyuan dares not attack."
On March 16, Chairman Mao led the Red Army to cross the Chishui River west near Maotai Town . The main force of the Red Army advanced towards Gulin and Xuyong in southern Sichuan.
Until the successful end of the river crossing operation, Zhou Hunyuan's troops did not dare to take the initiative.
Great Man Chairman Mao
Cross the world and cross the Chishui River four times!
Long before " Crossing Chishui , Chairman Mao sent a "suspicious soldier".
According to Chairman Mao’s instructions, the Red Ninth Army led the radio station with the largest power in the entire army to advance westward, making an attitude of joining the Red Fourth Front Army.
This move indeed attracted the attention of the enemy, and a large number of enemy troops followed the Red Ninth Army and headed westward.
Taking advantage of the enemy's unpreparedness, from March 21 to 22, the main Red Army troops crossed the Chishui River four times eastward. The main Red Army troops advanced southward through the right wing where the enemy was gathering heavily, leaving most of the enemy behind.
This is the main force of the Red Army leading the "Four Crossings of Chishui".
makes something out of nothing, capture the thief and capture the king.
The Red Army's "Four Crossings of Chishui" completely confused Chiang Kai-shek. Chairman Mao's magical operation made Chiang Kai-shek passive, and he could not guess the Red Army's real combat intentions.
Starting from March 26, Chairman Mao "directed" another drama of "making things out of nothing, capturing the thief and capturing the king".
On April 2, under the command of Chairman Mao, the Red Army used a force to attack Xifeng, and the main force advanced to the Dog Field and Zhazuo area. The forward approached Guiyang, and the stance was posing to attack Guiyang.
Outside Guiyang City, Red Army soldiers shouted in unison the slogan "Strike into Guiyang City and capture Chiang Kai-shek alive". The Red Army's move scared Chiang Kai-shek who was supervising the battle in Guiyang, and the Kuomintang had only 4 regiments of garrison in Guiyang.
Chiang Kai-shek panicked. On the one hand, he urgently mobilized troops to reinforce Guiyang, and on the other hand, he ordered the troops to guard the airport and made all preparations to "get away at any time".
Chiang Kai-shek
However, Chiang Kai-shek could mobilize very few troops. His more than 300,000 troops were divided and pulled by the Red Army, and it was impossible for him to arrive in Guiyang in a short time.
In order to "rescue the driver", Chiang Kai-shek could only urgently mobilize Kunming's Dian Army to Guiyang. Once the Yunnan Army sends troops to "rescue", the Jinsha River defense line will be useless.
In this way, Chiang Kai-shek's order completely disrupted the previous combat deployment, while the Red Army suddenly forced the Jinsha River to cross the Jinsha River, and jumped out of the enemy's encirclement in a casual and clever manner, leaving Chiang Kai-shek's hundreds of thousands of troops north of the Wujiang River.
The Red Army has since turned danger into safety, "the sea is wide and the sky is wide"!
Chairman Mao said that before the Zunyi meeting, "I have never read " Sun Tzu's Art of War ".
At the critical moment of the Red Army's survival, Chairman Mao adapted to the situation, counterattacked the situation again and again, and finally gained strategic initiative.
After the "Four Crossings of the Chishui River", the Red Army was impressed by Chairman Mao's extraordinary military wisdom.
There is a lyric in the large-scale music epic " Oriental Red " - Chairman Mao is really like a god in his use of troops. This sentence expresses the hearts of the Red Army officers and soldiers.
Some people say that Chairman Mao relied on "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "The Art of War" to command the war.
Chairman Mao himself explained that before the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, "I have read "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" but not "The Art of War."
Chairman Mao said, "I have watched "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" several times, but how can the things in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" be commanded by war?"
Everyone knows that Chairman Mao has only been a soldier for three months. He graduated from Hunan No. 1 Normal School in his early years. If he did not participate in the revolution, Chairman Mao might be a "teacher" for the rest of his life.
Chairman Mao was in the Red Army
So, where did Chairman Mao’s military talent come from?
Chairman Mao himself said, "I didn't think about leading troops to fight. It was the reactionaries who forced me to learn how to fight. I was learning about war in war."
I think that Chairman Mao’s words are obviously modest. Chairman Mao’s outstanding military talents should come from his talented courage and courage, knowledge reserves that are tangible with ancient and modern times, thinking of the king of philosophy, and experience of many battles.
Looking at the past and present, both in China and abroad, only Chairman Mao can reach this level!
