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The name of Shanxi Province, "Ciyuan" explains it as "Shanxi because it is located west of Taihang Mountain." If you ask: Why is the east of Taihang Mountain located in Hebei and second to Shandong? How can you explain it?
Shanxi Province name, " Ciyuan " explains it as "because it is west of Taihang Mountain , it is called Shanxi." If you ask: Why is the east of Taihang Mountain resident in Hebei and second to Shandong, how can you explain it? Obviously, this statement is just a summary of the current geographical location of Shanxi Province. So when the term "Shanxi" came from, who wrote it, and when it became a famous name in Shanxi Province, it has become a topic of concern to the world. In order to clarify the origin and flow of the word "Shanxi", we will conduct a brief investigation and analysis here.
Warring States Early Qin and Han Dynasties——"Shanxi" refers to the area west of Hangu Pass in Luliang Mountain,
"Shanxi" As the name of a provincial administrative agency, it has a long process of evolution of geographical concepts. The earliest known historical books is "Shandong". Sima Qian said in "Records of the Grand Historian" Volume 40 "The Family of Chu": "Su Qin made an appointment with the six kingdoms in Shandong to attack Qin, and King Huai of Chu was the chieftain. When he arrived at Hangu Pass, Qin sent troops to attack the six kingdoms, and the soldiers of the six kingdoms were all led back, Qi was the only one in the rear."
Note: "Follow", vertical. "The six Shandong Kingdoms attacked Qin together" was a Warring States period when Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin were competing for power. After King Huiwen of Qin came to power, he launched a large-scale attack on Zhao and Wei. "In the 22nd year of Zhao Suhou (334 BC), Zhao and Qin were defeated. Qin killed Zhao in Hexi and took Lin (now northwest of Liulin County) and Lishi." ① King Hui of Wei In the fifth year of Houyuan (330 BC), "Qin defeated our Longjia army for 45,000 in Diaoyin, (now south of Ganquan County, Shaanxi) surrounded us Jiao and Quwo, and gave us the land of the west river of Qin." "In the sixth year (329 BC), Qin took our Fenyin (now southwest of Wanrong County), Pi family (now Hejin County, Shanxi), Jiao"; "In the seventh year (328 BC), Wei all entered Shangjun to Qin." "Qin surrendered to my Puyang" (now Xixian County, Shanxi); "Qin took me Quwo in the thirteenth year (322 BC)" (now east of Wenxi County, Shanxi), Pingzhou (now Jiaokou County, Shanxi); ② Zhao Wuling King ten years, "Qin took me Xidu and Zhongyang." (now Liulin County)
At this time, Qin not only occupied the Xihe and Shangjun areas of Wei, but also attacked and advanced to the east of the Yellow River. Liulin, Lishi, Zhongyang, Jiaokou, Xixian, Wenxi, Wanrong, Hejin and other places west of Zhao and Wei, also became the positions of Qin. This not only shocked Wei and Zhao countries, but also posed great threats to other countries. In order to deal with the attack of Qin, the six countries adopted the strategy of "unifying the weak to attack the strong" attack Qin, advocated by the prime minister of Wei, Gongsun Yan and King Zhao of Yan, the close confidant of Yan, Su Qin. In 318 BC and 288 BC, King Huai of Chu and Su Qin were in charge of Qin, and the five-nation coalition forces jointly attacked Qin twice and fought at Hangu Pass. Due to the internal dispute between the six countries, and Qin occupied a line of victories in Luliang Mountain and Gushan Hangu Pass, the six countries were eventually defeated by Qin. ③
From this we can see that the "Six Kingdoms of Shandong" refers to the territory of the six countries east of Luliang Mountain on the same meridian line as the Hangu Pass of Wushan. Including the Fenhe Plain in Shanxi, Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan and other regions. At the same time, the areas west of Hangu Pass of Luliang Mountain and Wushan occupied by the Qin State are collectively called Shanxi, Guanxi or Guanzhong . From then on, including the current Liulin, Lishi, Zhongyang, Jiaokou, Xixian and other areas, as well as Shaanxi and Sichuan areas west of Hangu Pass, were known as Shanxi, Guanxi and Guanzhong.
"Records of the Grand Historian" Volume 130 "Preface to the Preface of the Taishi Gong" says: "During the dispute between Chu and Han, the King of Chu surrounded the Han Dynasty in Xingyang and fought for three years. Xiao He filled Shanxi, calculated the population, and sent troops and grain supply to continuously make the people love the King of Han and were willing to contribute to the King of Han."
Note: Taishi Gong, Sima Qian. Fill in, that is, town. Sima Qian proposed "Shanxi" here, which is actually based on the "Shandong" mentioned in "Chu Family". The further reaffirmation of the concepts of "Shandong" and "Shanxi" is still the western region of Luliang Mountain and Wushan Hangu Pass, namely Guanzhong.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty——"Shanxi" was named Lishi area
Because Luliang Mountain and Wushan Hangu Pass were natural barriers east of Chang'an, Xijing during the Qin and Han dynasties.In the first and last ten years, the King of Qin used the six countries to unify the world; in the third year of the stalemate, the King of Han defeated the Chu army and established the Han Dynasty. By the time of , Emperor Wu of Han , he still regarded the strategic areas of Lishi, Lin, Xidu, Zhongyang and Pingzhou, which were occupied by the Qin Dynasty, as the key points of Shanxi and Guanzhong, and attached great importance to and special divisions. In the third year of Yuanshuo (126 BC), Xicheng County was established in Yangjiaping, west of Liulin County.
④ In the fourth year of Yuanshuo (125 BC), twenty-seven counties west of the Yellow River were analyzed, and nine counties east of the Yellow River and west of Luliang Mountain were established across the river and Xihe County. ⑥ Therefore, in the "Book of Han" written by Ban Shi⑦ in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the specific concept of "Shanxi" (Xihe County) in Shanxi (six counties).
〈I〉, Volume 28 of "Han Shu" "Geography·Eighth Second" says: "Tianshui and Longxi, there are many mountains and trees, and the people use boards as houses. As well as Anding, Beidi, Shangjun, and Xihe, they all approach Rongdi, practice war preparation, and have high strength, and hunting first. Therefore, Qin Poetry says: "In its board house; it also says that the king will build our army and build our armor and soldiers, and they will all walk with their sons.' And the chapters of Che Zi, Four Years, and Xiao Rong are all about the matter of hunting in the fields. The Han Dynasty is prosperous, The sons of the six counties were selected for Yulin and Qimen, and were officials with their talents and strength, and most famous generals came from them. "
〈2〉, "Book of Han" Volume 69, "Zhao Chongguo·Biography of Xin Qingji, Biography of 39," said: Ban Gu, "Praise: Since the Qin and Han dynasties, Shandong has become prime ministers and Shanxi has become generals. The Qin Dynasty general Bai Qi, a man; Wang Jian, a native of Pinyang. In the Han Dynasty, Yu Zhi Wang Wei, Gan Yanshou, Yiqu Gongsun He, Fu Jiezi, Chengji Li Guang and Li Cai, Du Lin Su Jian , Su Wu , Shang Shangguan Jie , Zhao Chongguo, Xiang Wu Lian Bao, Didao Xin Wu Xian and Qing Ji, all of them are known for their bravery. Su and Xin are the father and son who are famous for their rituals, and this is what they can be called, and the rest are countless. Why? Shanxi, Tianshui, Longxi, Anding, and the north are in urgent situations. Qiang Hu , folk customs practice war preparation, high courage, saddle horse riding and shooting. Therefore, the Qin poem says: "The King is To promote the army, cultivate our armor and soldiers, and we all act with our son. ’The vulgar style has been passed since ancient times, and the songs and songs are generous and the romantic style is still there.”
Note: A comprehensive comparison and analysis of the above two historical materials can be seen from it:
First, Xihe, Tianshui, Longxi, Anding, Beidi, Shangjun, all of these six counties are close to Rongdi, practicing war preparation, high courage, riding and shooting.
Second, the six counties that were released were all located west of Luliang Mountain (such as the map of the Western Han Dynasty), so "Shanxi's generals" were released. Li Si, the prime minister of Qin, was from southwest Shangcai, Henan; Wei Wan, , a native of Daling, Dai County (now Wenshui County, Shanxi); Huo Guang, , a native of Pingyang, Hedong (now Linfen, Shanxi); Zhao Wan, a native of Dai County; Suhe, a native of Fengyi, Pei County (now Feng County, Jiangsu); Kong Guang, , a native of Qufu (now Shandong); Zhou Yafu, Pei County, , a native of Fengxian, Jiangsu); Dou Ying, a native of Guanjin, Qinghe (now east of Hengshui, Hebei); Guanying, , a native of Shangqiu, Henan. Wait, there are countless others. Most famous prime ministers come from the east of Luliang Mountain, so "Shandong comes from prime ministers."
Third, the first name is "close to Rong Di", and the next word is "urgent Qiang and Hu". This shows that at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Mang usurped the throne, because "the military dispatch was not in line, and the Huns became more angry and merged into the north, which caused the northern side to be in ruins." ⑧The Shangjun area and twenty-seven counties west of the Yellow River in Xihe County have been captured by the Qiang and Hu. (For example, the map at the end of the Western Han Dynasty) Until the completion of the "Book of Han", "Shangjun moved to the yamen;"
⑨ Therefore, when the county names were listed in Volume 69, Shangjun was missing.
Fourth, the area west of the Yellow River in Xihe County, because "the past Wang Mang rebelled", has been reduced to the chaotic situation of "the Han Dynasty was short of the middle, the people were almost destroyed, the ghosts and gods were gone, the caskets were gone, the caskets were gone, the remains of the houses were lost, the wilderness was disgusted with people's flesh, the rivers and valleys were bleeding, and the writings had already come and the future" was forced to reduce the jurisdiction of Xihe County to nine counties east of the Yellow River and west of Luliang Mountain, including Xicheng, Lishi, Xidu, Lin, Zhongyang, Linshui, Gaolang, Pingzhou, and Tujun.Until "in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the political and military power of the Eastern Han Dynasty was relatively weak", and "it was unable to take an active counterattack strategically," (History of the Xihe State) led to "the commander of the Xihe State, Meiji⑾, and moved to Shizuoguo City."
⑿ At this time, it was obviously not consistent with the name. Therefore, when Ban's name was listed in Volume 69, it changed the name of "Xihe County" to "Shanxi". The double phrase not only emphasizes that Shanxi refers to the west of Luliang Mountain, but also gives the nine counties left in the former "Xihe County" located on the western foot of Luliang Mountain, a county name that conforms to the geographical characteristics - "Shanxi".
From then on, Xihe County was also known as "Shanxi", and the capital of Xihe County naturally enjoyed its name. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xihe County was renamed Xihe Country, and the scope of "Shanxi" was further narrowed. The Xihe State Administration of Lishi⒀ and its jurisdiction only enjoys the name of "Shanxi". After
, when emperors of all dynasties issued the "Edict", civil officials drafted the "Book Making", and historians wrote historical books, they called Shandong and Shanxi based on the Luliang Mountains as the boundary. Any matters involving the appointment of an official in Lishi, west of Luliang Mountain, are called Lishi "Shanxi" and have become customs.
"Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Five Elements Records" says: "In the first year of Zhongping, the Yellow Turban thieves Zhang Jiao and others established thirty-six directions, raised troops to burn counties and states, and the seven prefectures in Shandong were everywhere." Note: "Dictionary of Chinese Military Knowledge": "After the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Uprising in 184 AD, farmers in Jizhou (now central and southern Hebei) responded one after another. They had titles such as "Heishan" and "Huanglong", and... fought between Changshan, Zhao County, Zhongshan, Shangdang, and Hanoi counties. Soon, the various ministries joined forces to form the Heishan Army, with a population of one million, with Zhang Yan as the leader." Therefore, Shangdang County in Bingzhou belonged to the Seven Prefectures in Shandong,
⒁Shangdang, and today Changzhi City is also Shandong. Volume 22 of "Book of Northern Qi" "Biography of 14th, Biography of Lu Wenwei" says: "Wenwei is a man named Ji Li, his father Bi, and his prefect of Xia Pi in Wei. ...After Erzhu (Zhao) was destroyed, he went to Jinyang , and Gaozu was appointed as the prime minister of the prime minister. He belonged to Shuangjian, Shanxi, and was in charge of the rent and loss of Shandong Township. All of them were ordered to be recorded. Violators were punished and ordered to be punished." Note: "Reading History Fangyu Ji" Volume 42 Shanxi 4: "Chimong Mountain is thirty miles northeast of the prefecture": "Chimong Mountain, thirty miles northeast of the prefecture." Note: "Reading History Fangyu Ji" Volume 42 Shanxi 4: "Chimong Mountain is 30 miles northeast of the prefecture." . It is also called Chihongling. Gao Huan sent Dou Tai from Jinyang to attack Zhu Zhao at Xiurong, Zhao walked away, and chased and broke it at Chihongling. This is the case. It is also called Chihonggang. Wang Xiangzhi said: Lishishan is one of Hugong Mountain, and it is also Chihongling, so Lishishui is also called Chihongshui. "The twelfth chapter of the "Book of Northern Qi" Volume 20 of "Book of Northern Qi" says: "Gaozu Gao came to Ye to attack Zhao in Jinyang, Zhao was embarrassed and walked on Chihongling, and hanged himself to death." Gao Zu, that is, Gao Huan; Shandong, the Fenhe Plain east of Luliang Mountain. Erzhu Zhao , Governor of Fenzhou (Lishi). ⒂Shanxi is Lishi.
"Book of Northern Qi" Volume 11 "Biography of the Third·Biography of King Ande Gao Yanzong" says: "Yanzong said: 'Don't move when he is in the camp, and he will give his troops to his ministers, and he will defeat him.' The emperor did not accept it. When he arrived at Bingzhou , he heard that the Zhou army had entered Bishop Gu , so he appointed Yanzong as the prime minister and the governor of Bingzhou, and was in charge of military affairs in Shanxi." Note: Volume 6 of "Book of Zhou" Volume 6 "The Sixth Emperor's Chronicle" says: "On the winter of the fifth year of Jiande, the emperor sent Zhuguo and King Zhao to recruit 10,000 infantry and cavalry from Huagu to attack the cities of Fenzhou of Qi." "Qi Wang Xian led 20,000 elite cavalry to guard the Baby Rat Valley." Baby Rat Valley⒃, the ancient Xihe Kingdom governed the Lishi area. Shanxi, namely Fenzhou, Lishi,.
"Book of Sui" Volume 3 "The Third Emperor's Record" records: In the fourth year of Daye, Guichou, "The imperial edict said: Now the King of Han rebelled and rebelled, and poisoned by Shandong. Now the prefectures and counties are in trouble. This is because the pass is far away, and the near is not in a hurry. In addition, Bingzhou moved its households and was reborn in Henan." Note: Bingzhou General Manager,
⒄Taiyuan is Shandong. Volume 3 of the Emperor's Chronicle of Volume 3 says: In February of the seventh year of Daye, "Renwu, the imperial edict said: "Today, the governor's customs are governed. Those in Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong are over 90 years old, and those in eighty are awarded the prefect. "Note: Hebei counties: the area east of Taihang Mountain; Shandong, that is, the area east of Luliang Mountain. Shanxi, that is, Lishi.
" Old Tang Books " Volume 1 The first of the original chronicles is: "In the eleventh year of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang was lucky to Fenyang Palace, and ordered Emperor Gaozu to go to Shanxi and Hedong to promote and demote. The dragon gate of the second division. The thief's commander's mother Duan'er's commander's commander's army was thousands of thin under the city.Emperor Gaozu attacked him from more than ten cavalry, and the seventy shots he shot were all knocked down, and the thief was defeated. "Note: Volume 4 of the Emperor's Chronicle: "In November of the tenth year of Daye, King Liu Miao ( Liu Jizhen ) of the Hu people of Lishi (county) raised their troops to rebel, proclaiming themselves the emperor, and appointed his younger brother Liu'er as the King of Yong'an, with tens of thousands of people. General Pan Changwen attacked him but could not defeat him. "In May of the 11th year of Daye", Yiyou (Emperor Yang of Sui) Xin Taiyuan, avoiding the Fenyang Palace. "According to the incident, Emperor Gaozu, Li Yuan, went, and went. Shanxi, Li Shi County. Hedong, hedong County, , Hedong County, . Longmen, Hedong County, governed the county. Hedong County was promoted, demoted, and arrested, and dealt with the rebel Liu Jizhen and his mother Duaner.
"Old Book of Tang"· "Biography 150 Seconds"· "Biography of Huang Chao" says: "Zhao asked for help in Taiyuan. In February of the fourth year, Li Keyong led the troops of Shanxi, from Pu and Shanjihe, to join the princes of Guandong to help Chenzhou. "Note: Zhao, the governor of Chenzhou. Shanxi, namely Shizhou, is now Lishi.
"Song Dahuang Collection" Volume 220 Political Affairs 73·Praise and Fortune "Yang Ye's Gift to the Taiwei Datong Army Jiedu System" says: " Yang Ye , so that the reputation of the frontier is the Mao tribe in Shanxi." Note: Shanxi, namely Shizhou, is now Lishi.
Song Zhen, Song Jingde's second year (1005 AD) to the sixth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1013 AD). One of the four famous books of the Song Dynasty, compiled by Wang Qinruo, Yang Yi, Sun and others under the order of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, Volume 622 "Loyalty" says: "Pei Yanjun was appointed as Taichangqing, and at that time, the Hu Hu in Fenzhou relied on the dangerous bandits,... He was also a Shangshu, and was the governor of Shanxi Daotai and attacked General Hu. "Note: Shanxi, namely Fenzhou, is now Lishi.
It needs to be explained here. Yun, Ying, Huan and Shuo are also called "Four Prefectures of Shanxi" in "History of Liao". However, there is no similar record in "History of Jin", which states that Liao is a temporary quotation, so there is no need to explain it in detail here.
Southern Song . During the Jin Dynasty - Shandong was named as the administrative organization name, "Shanxi" still refers to Lishi
"Mizhai Notes" of the Southern Song Dynasty said: From November to the first month of the second year of Zhenyou (1213), the Tatars destroyed Hedong, Hebei, Shandong, and Shanxi, with 17 prefectures, more than 90 prefectures, and more than 20 towns and counties. "Note: Hedong, Hebei and Shandong were already clear during the Jin Dynasty. Shanxi should refer to Lishi.
"History of Jin" Volume 25·Chapter 6: "Shandong East Road (Song is Jingdong East Road, governing Yidu . Prefecture 2, Yidu Palace , Jinan Palace ) Shandong East Road (Lingfu 1, Dongping Palace )"Note: From then on, during the Warring States Period, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, and Wei The name of "Shandong" shared by the six countries is located at the easternmost location of the six countries, and officially became the name of the administrative organization. It can be seen that "Shandong" is not named east of the Taihang Mountains. Instead, the Jin Dynasty changed the east and west roads of Jingdong in Song and set up the east and west roads of Shandong.
"History of Jin" Volume 108 Xu Ding The biography says: "Since the rise of the army, the scattered soldiers, exiled households in Hebei, as well as the old and young in Shanxi and Hedong, all moved to Henan. "Note: At this time, Hedong and Shanxi were called together, and obviously 'Shanxi' refers to Lishi.
Yuan Dynasty - "Shanxi" was named as the administrative organization name
" Yuan History " Volume 91 Hundred Officials' Chronicles Seven said: " Xuanwei Office ... All six roads: Shandong East and West Road, Yidu Road; Hedong Shanxi Road, Datong Road..."
"Yuan History" Volume 58 Chapter 10 Geography 1: "The Secretariat governs the east and west Shandong Shandong and Hebei, which is called the twentieth and ninety-one roads, and the eight prefectures belong to the prefectures, and the ninety-one prefectures belong to the prefectures. "
"Hedong Shanxi Road Xuanwei Envoy" is under the jurisdiction of: Datong Road, the first, county five, prefecture eight.
"Hedong Shanxi Road Suzheng and Integrity Visiting the Office" Jining Road, the first, county ten, prefecture fourteen; Jinning Road, the Tang Dynasty Jinzhou. Jin is Pingyang Prefecture. yuan is Pingyang Road . In the ninth year of Dade, Jinning Road was changed to Jinning Road by earthquake. The first, county six, prefecture one, prefecture nine.
Note: The Shandong and East in "Shandong, Hebei" refers to the Shandong, Shanxi Xuanwei Envoy Office and Suzheng and Integrity Visiting the Office, not the east and west of the Taihang Mountains.
Hedong Shanxi Road Xuanwei envoy, governing Datong, as the dispatching agency of the Secretariat, in front of the jurisdiction of the Secretariat; Hedong Shanxi Road Suzheng and Integrity Visiting Office, in Taiyuan, as the dispatching agency of the Censorate of the Censorate, in charge of the Shanxi Road, in charge of the supervision of the administrative supervision of the Shanxi Road. At this time, "Shanxi Road" covers the entire province.
At this point, the name of "Shanxi" has officially become the name of an administrative organization in Shanxi Province today. It can be seen that Shanxi is not called Shanxi because it is located west of Taihang Mountain, but has evolved from the geographical concept name of Lishi to the name of administrative agencies in today's Shanxi region.
Ming Dynasty——"Shanxi Province" is the abbreviation of "Shanxi and other places to be held in the Shanxi Province"
"History of Ming Dynasty" Volume 41, 17, Geography 2: "Shanxi, the Yuan Dynasty established the Xuanwei Envoy Department of Shanxi Road, Hedong, and was directly under the jurisdiction of the Zhongshu Province. In April of the second year of Hongwu (1369), Shanxi and other places to be established. In December of the third year of Taiyuan Road (1370), Taiyuan Duwei was established. In October of the eighth year of the Tongzhi of the Secretariat of Xingzhong Secretariat (1375), the Duwei was changed to the commander commander of Shanxi. In June of the ninth year (1376), the Zhongshu was changed to the Chengxuan General Office. The five prefectures were led, the three prefectures were directly under the jurisdiction, the sixteen prefectures, and the seventy-nine counties were counted. (4,400 people have strange features) to Zhending in the east, (with the boundary of the north) to Datong in the north, and (with the border area outside) to the southwest of the river. (with Shaanxi and Henan)"
Note: From then on, the "Shanxi and other places have abbreviated as Shanxi Province" is called Shanxi Province. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), the Xingzhong Secretariat system was abolished, and the original province was renamed the Chengxuan Political Envoy Department. However, customs are consistent and are still called provinces, and even formal documents are often used.
In the Qing Dynasty, it was officially called Shanxi Province (Jiaqing Yitongzhi 135 Shanxi Duty). In the early years of Kangxi, the governor was officially appointed as the head of the province. It has been passed down until today after the founding of New China .
Summary: The name of Shanxi Province originated from the local area and was used in this province. It is the oldest provincial name among the provinces in the country. There has been 2334 years of civilization history since 318 BC. It can be roughly divided into three stages:
Abstract geographical concept name: 318 BC to 23 AD (the first year of Gengshi), totaling 341 years. During this period, the "Shanxi" refers to the area west of Luliang Mountain and Wushan Mountain;
Specific geographical concept names: 24 AD to 1271 AD (the eighth year of Zhiyuan), totaling 1248 years. During this period, "Shanxi" is the geographical concept name of the Lishi area;
administrative organization name: from 1271 AD to the present, 745 years ago, it is the name of the administrative organization in the whole province. Among them: from 1271 to 1369, it was called the "two departments" of Shanxi Road in 98; from 1369 to 1644 (the first year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty), it was called Chengxuan's General Secretary, which is referred to as Shanxi Province for 275; from 1644 to the present, it was officially called Shanxi Province for 382 years. In short, from 318 BC to 1644, he directly called Shanxi Province a name, went through a historical evolution process that lasted for 1962 years. During this period, Lishi was well-known throughout the entire process. Therefore, the name of Shanxi comes from "Records of the Grand Historian" and originated from Lishi.
Note: Volume 43 of "Records of the Grand Historian" thirteenth. Volume 44 of "Records of the Grand Historian" Chapter 14 of the Wei Family. "Zhengyi" says: From Huazhou, to Tongzhou, and to the north, the land of Wei and Hebei, all entered Qin.
"History of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period" "Shui Jing Notes": Li Shi "In the third year of Yuanshuo of Emperor Wu of Han, he appointed the Prince of the Communist Party of China as the marquis of the State of Hou, and was the capital of Xihe County of the Later Han Dynasty. The water went south and turned west to the south of the ancient city of Xicheng County. In the third year of Yuanshuo of Emperor Wu of Han, he appointed the Prince of the Communist Party of China as the marquis of the State of Hou, and was named the Prince of the Communist Party of China as the marquis of Wang Mang, and was the Cipingting of Wang Mang."
"Fenzhou Prefecture Chronicles" Volume 1; "Fenzhou Prefecture Chronicles" Volume 32. Volume 28 of "Book of Han" "The fourth year of Emperor Wu of Xihe County in Yuanshuo." Volume 13 of "The Tuzhi of Yuanhe County": "The fourth year of Emperor Wu of Han's Yuanshuo, Xihe County was established, and thirty-six counties were led, which was the Lifuchang County. The Later Han Dynasty moved to Lilishi, which is now Lishi County in Shizhou."
Banshi, the author of "Book of Han". Father Ban Biao (3-54 AD), son, Ban Gu (32-92 AD), daughter, Ban Zhao (113 AD),
"Han Shu" Volume 94, Biography of the Huns Chapter 64. Volume 4 of "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" Volume 4 of Emperor Xiaohe Xiaoshang:
Volume 40 of "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" Volume 40 of Ban Biao·The 30th of Biography of Ban Biao.
"Book of Han" Volume 28: "Meiji is ruled by the commander of the State.”
"Book of Jin" Volume 101 "Records" first: "At the beginning of Jianwu, Wuzhuliu Shanyu Ziyou Aori Zhu Wangbi established himself as the Southern Shanyu, and lived in Meiji, Xihe, and now Li Shizuo Guocheng is the courtyard where Shanyu moved. "The Records of Reading History": "Zuoguo City is twenty miles northeast of the prefecture. ”
"Book of Jin·Geography": "The West He Kingdom was established in the Han Dynasty. Tongxian County has four, with 6,300 households. Lishi, Xicheng, Zhongyang, Jiexiu. ”
(Qing Dynasty) Dai Zhen’s Origin of Dai Dong Volume 6: “The Geography of Jin Book, Xihe Country, led four counties, Li Shi first, used the example of the Later Han Book, and the county name was the county where the county was governed. Moreover, (Sima Zizheng Temple) inscriptions that the county was blocked by the mountain, so it is better to be very clear. ” (Six miniatures published Jingjingyun Building.)
"Jinshi Cuibian" Volume 14 "Yangling, Cao Quanbei" is composed of the six states of You, Ji, Yan, Yu, Jing, Yang and Bingzhou, which are seven states.
"Fenzhou Prefecture Chronicle" Volume 7 Official category: "Er Zhu Zhao is the son of Rong. In the first year of Wei Jianming, he was the governor of Fenzhou. ”
"Fenzhou Prefecture Chronicle" Volume 3·The mountains and rivers say: "The valley of birds and rats is twenty miles southwest of Jiexiu County. "
Yang Liang (575-605), an Yang Jie, whose courtesy name is Dezhang and his small name is Yiqian, the fifth son of Emperor Wen of Sui Yang Jian, and his mother's brother Yang Guang of Emperor Yang of Sui, and he was named King of Han. In the 17th year of Kaihuang (597), Emperor Wen of Sui deposed the eldest son Yong and appointed the second son Guang. Yang Liang served as the general manager of Bingzhou and stationed Bingzhou. The territory started from Huashan in the west, ended at Bohai in the east, reached Yanmen Pass in the north, and ended at the Yellow River in the south. The fifty-two states. When Emperor Gaozu died, Emperor Yang Guang ascended the throne. He conquered Yang Liang into the court. He suspected that his father's death was unknown, and he was afraid that his brother Guang would harm him again, so he did not return to the court. Emperor Yang immediately sent troops to Taiyuan Pingliang. Although Liang was destroyed, Emperor Yang still believed that Yang Liang's rebellious poison in Taiyuan, Bingzhou had not been eliminated.
The four frontiers have been abandoned to defend the border between Hubei and Henan, and the four frontiers have been trapped in western Anhui again. Can the Yanzihe Conference turn the tide?
