Fang La Uprising Fang La Rebellion
China Peasant uprising at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty . Song Huizong When Zhao Ji was Zhao Ji, poor peasants in Shezhou (now She County, Anhui) Fangla (Fang Shisan ) went to Bangyuandong Baozhengfang, Wannian Township, Wannian Township (now northwest of Chun'an, Zhejiang). At that time, Song Huizong, Cai Jing, and Tong Guan , were greedy and greedy to exploit the people, and the taxes and labor were heavy, "people could not bear their lives, so they all left and became thieves."
On the ninth day of the 10th month of the second year of Xuanhe (1120), Fang La pretended to "get the heavenly talisman" and led the farmers to kill Fang Youchang's family. He used Bangyuandong as a base to gather poor peasants and call for an uprising. Farmers from far and near Qingxi responded to the news and soon grew to tens of thousands.
In early November, the rebel army respectfully called Fang La "Sheng Gong" and changed the reign to " Yongle " and divided the generals into six levels, and tied red scarves and other headscarves as symbols to establish a peasant regime.
On the 22nd, the rebel army wiped out 5,000 permanent Song troops in Xikeng, Qingxi County (now west of Chun'an, Zhejiang) and killed Zun and Yan Tan. Then, he took advantage of the victory to advance to Qingxi County and captured the county magistrate Weng Kai.
In early December, he conquered Muzhou and occupied Shouchang, Fenshui, Tonglu , Sui'an and other counties.
Soon after, he captured Shezhou westward, wiped out the central part of the third general in the southeast of Song Dynasty, "Disease Pass", and attacked the eastward of the Fuyang and Xincheng, headed straight to Hangzhou, calling for "kill Zhu Xie ".
Hangzhou is the capital of Liangzhe Road and the location of the Huashigang Command Center. It is one of the Huashigang command centers, gathering a large number of officials, wealthy businessmen and landlords.
The Twenty-Nine Mountain Uprising Army invaded Hangzhou, killed Chen Jian, the commander of Liangzhe Road, Zhao Yue, and Zhao Ting, the governor of Liangzhe Road, and fled. The people who had been resentful for a long time captured officials in Hangzhou, excavated the tomb of Cai Jing's father and ancestor, and exposed his bones.
The rebel army won the warm support and response from the majority of farmers. Suzhou Shisheng, Huzhou Gui'an County (now Huzhou, Zhejiang), Lu Xinger, Lingshandong, Lanxi County, Wuzhou (now southwest of Lanxi, Zhejiang), Zhu Yan and Wu Bang, Fangyanshan, Yongkang County (now east of Yongkang, Zhejiang), Chen Shisi, Chuzhou Jinyun County (now belongs to Zhejiang), Huo Chengfu, Chen Zoutong , etc., led local farmers to participate in the uprising.
Taizhou Xianju County Lu Shinang , Yuezhou Shan County (now Shengzhou, Zhejiang) Qiu Rixin (Qiu Daoren), Quzhou Zheng Demon King and other leaders led the local Manichaeism secret organization to raise an army to respond. The farmers in Hu, Chang, Xiu and other prefectures also "gathered their disciples" and prepared to attack prefectures and counties. Farmers from all over the world came to greet the flags of the rebel army and heard the sound of drums. Those who participated in the rebel army were even more "close to each other".
The rebel army suddenly rose, cutting off the economic lifeline of the Song Dynasty, and Song Huizong and others were frightened. On the one hand, they hurriedly abolished the Suzhou and Hangzhou Bureaus and suspended the Huashigang, and dismissed the official positions of Zhu Jie and his son and brothers, trying to relax the fighting spirit of the rebel army. On the other hand, they sent Tong Guan as the Xuanfu envoy of the Jiang, Huai, Jing, Zhejiang and other roads, and Tan Zhen as the commander of the Liangzhe Road, and transferred 150,000 imperial troops in the capital and the six British and Han soldiers in Shaanxi to go south to suppress the uprising.
In the first month of the third year of Xuanhe, Tong Guan and Tan Zhen divided their troops into two groups, led by Wang Bing , Liu Zhen and others to march towards Hangzhou and Shezhou, attempting to meet in Muzhou.
In the first month of the same year, Fang La sent Fang Qifo to lead his troops to the north, captured Chongde County , and encircled Xiuzhou in northeastern Hangzhou (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang), and divided his troops into Huzhou (now Zhejiang). Just as Wang Bing led the Song army on the east route from the north, Fang Qifo Yi army fought, but failed to win and retreated to Hangzhou.
At the same time, Fang La led the main force to fight south, conquering Wu (now Jinhua, Zhejiang) and Qu (now Zhejiang). Other troops of the rebel army went north to conquer Ningguo County, Xuanzhou (now southwest of Ningguo, Anhui) and besieged Guangde Army (now Guangde, Anhui).
Historically, the Rebel Army successively captured more than 50 counties in six prefectures and 50 counties, including the entire territory of today's Zhejiang Province and vast areas in Anhui, southern Jiangsu, and northeastern Jiangxi.
The rebel army lost its battle in Xiuzhou, and Hangzhou lost its barrier. In February, the Song army surrounded Hangzhou. After a hard battle, the rebel army was forced to withdraw from Hangzhou because of the food and assistance. Hangzhou lost and the situation took a sharp turn for the worse.
In early March, the rebel army marched into Hangzhou again and was unable to win. The Song army Yang Keshi and Liu Zhenmen captured Shezhou and Wang Bing captured Muzhou. On the second day of April, Quzhou was lost and the rebel general Zheng Demon King was captured.
On the 17th, Wuzhou fell.
On the 19th, Wang Bing's troops captured Qingxi County. Fang La led the rebel army to retreat to Bangyuandong. Wang Bing, Liu Zhen and other Song troops met and surrounded the source of gangs layer by layer.
On the 24th, the Song army launched a general attack. The rebels were attacked from both sides and fought back, and more than 70,000 people died heroically. More than 30 people including Fang La, his wife, Shao, son Fang Bo (second prince), Prime Minister Fang Fei, etc. were captured and transferred to Bianjing , and were bravely executed on August 24th.
After Fang La was captured, the rebel troops continued to fight in various places in eastern Zhejiang and . Tong Guan sent Guo Zhongxun, Liu Guangshi, , Yao Pingzhong, , etc. to lead troops to split the way to suppress them.
In May, the rebel army in Xianju County, Taizhou, led by Yu Daoan, captured Yueqing County from Nanxi, Yongjia County, Wenzhou, Yiwu County, occupied Tianxiandong, and Shouchang County, and fought fiercely with the Song army, and Tianxiandong and Yuexidong fell one after another. The two generals of the Hu and Zhu surnameds of the Rebel Army in Lingshandong, Lanxi County fought with the Liu Guangshi troops of the Song army, and more than 1,600 people including Hu and Zhu were killed in battle. Qiu Rixin, Shan County, Yuezhou, fought a desperate battle with Yao Pingzhong's troops of the Song army. Qiu Rixin was defeated and died in Taoyuan (now south of Shengzhou, Zhejiang). In May, the Song army Yao Pingzhong's troops captured more than 40 caves including the stronghold of the Xianjujie Yijun in Taizhou (now west of Linhai, Zhejiang). The rebels of Fang Wuxianggong and Fang Qifu tribe failed one after another.
In June, Xianju Rebel Army Lu Shinang was transferred to Huangyan , and the Song army Zhe Kecun troops pursued from Sanjie Town. The rebel army guarded the Duantou Mountain. The Song army attacked from the back of the mountain with light troops, the rebel army was defeated, and more than 30 leaders including Lu Shinang were killed. In July, Yu Dao'an's rebel army attacked Wenzhou from Yueqing. After fighting for more than 30 days, it was not down and transferred to Chuzhou territory.
In October, Yu Daoan was surrounded by the Song army in the mountainous area of Yongkang County and died bravely.
After that, the rebels continued to fight in various places, and it was not until March of the fourth year of Xuanhe that they were completely suppressed by the Song army.
Wherever the Song army went, they burned, killed, looted, and did everything. Innumerable innocent people were killed, and the economy of Liangzhe was severely damaged.
Recommended Bibliography
He Zhuqi . Compilation of historical materials of the Peasant War between the Song Dynasty. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company , 1976.
Excerpted from: "China Encyclopedia (2nd Edition)" Volume 6, China Encyclopedia Publishing House , 2009
