As we all know, although "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is based on " Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Chen Shou , there are a lot of situations that do not conform to historical facts, such as Zhuge Liang borrowing the east wind and borrowing arrows from the straw boat, Zhou Yu lost his wife and his soldiers, and he vomited blood and died. It writes the great politician Zhuge Liang as a demonic charlatan; the heroic and elegant Zhou Yu as a narrow-minded and jealous villain; the mastermind and organizer of the Sun and Liu alliance Lusu as an honest and useless good man; the important minister of Sun Wu is Zhang Zhao as a backbone "surrender faction".
needless to say more about Zhou Yu. The real Zhou Yu in history is "a broad-minded" and "a genius"; his classmate Jiang Gan said he was "elegant and elegant"; Liu Bei said he was "a strategy of civil and military, a hero of thousands of people, and a vast weapon"; even Chairman Mao has repeatedly "reverse the case" for him.
In December 1936, Chairman Mao gave a speech entitled "Strategic Issues of the Chinese Revolutionary War" at Anti-Japanese Red Army University. In the speech, Chairman Mao mentioned that the biggest contributor to Battle of Red Cliffs was not Zhuge Liang, but Zhou Yu.
1953, Chairman Mao directly pointed out Zhou Yu's role in the Battle of Chibi in "The Work of Youth League to Take Care of the Characteristics of Youth", saying: "Who is in charge of the enemy in the face of the great enemy? Or the rising star Zhou Yu took the general seal of the commander, and won the battle."
So, are the good guy Lu Su and the corrupt Zhang Zhao also smeared by Luo Guanzhong like Zhou Yu? What do the real Lu Su and Zhang Zhao look like?
Zhang Zhao
Zhang Zhao is from Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). He can write official script and govern Zuo's Spring and Autumn . He reads a lot of books and is a scholar in the Central Plains. At the end of the Han Dynasty, he took refuge in crossing the river. Sun Ce was appointed as the Chief Secretary General of the Army. He was the civil and military affairs. Because Zhang Zhao was much older, Sun Ce also called him "Zhongfu".
When Sun Ce died, the minister who was entrusted with the orphan was Zhang Zhao. Sun Ce also held the hand of Sun Quan and said, "If you don't decide on external affairs, ask Zhou Yu, if you don't decide on internal affairs, ask Zhang Zhao." This shows your recognition of Zhang Zhao's ability!
When Sun Ce died, Sun Quan was only 17 years old. It was 44-year-old Zhang Zhao who personally helped Sun Quan go on a tour to show his support, which stabilized the hearts of the people. It was Zhang Zhao, who had a huge reputation in Eastern Wu to sort out his internal affairs and ordered the ministers to perform their duties and make the court in Eastern Wu smoothly transition. It can be said that without Zhang Zhao's support, it is still possible to see whether Sun Quan could inherit the Jiangdong foundation.
Therefore, Sun Quan also treated Zhang Zhao with "teacher etiquette". Later, whenever Sun Quan was in war, he handed over the internal affairs of the rear to Zhang Zhao. Zhang Zhao did not disappoint everyone's expectations and handled everything in an orderly manner.
Cao Cao Before going south to conquer Sun Quan, he asked Ruan Yu to write a long letter to Sun Quan with both soft and hard, and to issue conditions. If you can "take Zibu inside (Zhang Zhao's character) and attack Liu Bei outside", the land of Jiangdong will always belong to you, and you will be promoted and never attack each other.
Although Cao Cao "asked for a lot of money and returned the money when he landed", it also shows that Cao Cao attached great importance to Zhang Zhao, at least he placed Zhang Zhao at the same price as Liu Bei.
Zhang Zhao is not only Sun Quan's " Xiao He ", but also " Wei Zheng ". Every time Zhang Zhao goes to court to discuss matters, he speaks very fiercely. He often points out to face his mistakes without mercy, "Zhao always sees the court, his words are strong and his righteousness is in his expression." For example, Sun Quan is good at hunting, and when Sun Ce dies in hunting, he still doesn't know how to restrain himself. After Zhang Zhao saw him, he said to Sun Quan directly in front of the ministers, "As a monarch, he should defend against enemy enemies outside and use wise men inside, can he run around like a wild beast? Once a disaster occurs, how can the world laugh at him!" It made Sun Quan very embarrassed.
and even Zhang Zhao was angry because Sun Quan did not listen to the advice. Once, Zhang Zhao was angry because he advised Sun Quan and refused to listen to court. Sun Quan was so angry that he directly sent someone to seal the door of Zhang Zhao's family, meaning, aren't you not going to court? If you have the ability, don't come out. When Zhang Zhao saw that he was angry, he directly arranged his family and sealed it with soil inside the door. Finally, it ended with Sun Quan's apology and condolences to Zhang Zhao.
How could such a person who speaks frankly and dares to advise others be corrupt? Zhang Zhao advocated that surrender had his own considerations.
As a later generation, when we look at the Battle of Chibi, we naturally think that the "main warrior" is the wise side, but the actual situation at that time was difficult to believe that the Eastern Wu could defeat Cao Cao. Before the Battle of Red Cliff, Cao Cao had "held the emperor to command the princes" and a million tiger and wolf troops who were good at fighting. Cao Cao himself was an excellent military strategist, "a thousand generals under his command". If Cao Cao was not proud and careless, he would be burned by and , the chance of Eastern Wu winning was very low.
Moreover, Zhang Zhao is known for his goodness in "internal affairs", and "foreign affairs" are Zhang Zhao's shortcomings. Therefore, after analyzing the power balance between Cao and Sun, Zhang Zhao mistakenly believed that once a large-scale conflict occurred between the two sides, Dongwu would undoubtedly be defeated. It is no surprise that Zhang Zhao strongly advocated surrendering to Cao!
Besides, Zhang Zhaoyuan does not advocate a three-pointer, but advocates unity. The situation at that time was beneficial to the separation of landlords and bureaucrats of Wu Kingdom , but for the entire history and the people at that time, Cao Cao's unification had greater benefits. If there was no Battle of Red Cliff, Sun Quan surrendered to Cao, and Liu Bei was alone in his army and had no help, the unification situation would not have to wait until 280 AD. For the people at that time, it would be a greater good thing for the development of production. Pei Songzhi said in the note of "The Three Kingdoms" that Zhang Zhao's claim is reasonable.
So, Zhang Zhao's claim is not wrong, and his claim does not have much selfishness.
Zhang Zhao, as an important minister who assisted Sun Ce and Sun Quan, was very critical to the stability of Jiangdong. Especially when Sun Quan ascended the throne, Zhang Zhao even played the role of the Divine Needle of the Sea, and was worthy of "Wu had Zhang Zhao, no worries."
Zhang Zhao was not favored by Sun Quan because of his blunt words in his later years, so he stopped participating in political affairs on the grounds that he was old and sick, and wrote books and lectured at home.
Despite this, Zhang Zhao was happy. Zhang Zhao lived until he was 81 years old. After his death, Sun Quan went to pay his respects in plain clothes, with his posthumous title of Wenhou, and was worshipped by Tailao etiquette.
Lusu
Lusu's name is Zijing, from Dongchuan, Linhuai, was born in a gentry family. He lost his father at a young age and was very filial to his mother. It is recorded that Lu Su has a magnificent appearance, a handsome face, a starry-eyed look, and a generous personality. He likes to read and ride and shoot. He looks like a handsome man, and is not inferior to Zhou Yu.
At the same time, he is also generous and has good popularity. If he doesn’t have enough money, he will “sell the land” and help the poor. At that time, Zhou Yu was the head of the village, so he asked Lu Su for help because of a shortage of food. Lu Su generously gave Zhou Yu half of his family's food. From then on, the two became friends.
In addition to this, Lu Su is also a decisive person. At that time, Yuan Shu, the army was strong and asked Lu Su to be the chief of the East City. Lu Su saw that Yuan Shu was not good at all, so he took the old and weak, so he went south to Juchao to join Zhou Yu.
Zhou Yu introduced Lu Su to Sun Quan, and Lu Su pointed out the situation at that time, 1. The Han Dynasty cannot be revived; 2. Cao Cao's strength is strong and cannot be eliminated; 3. He can only compete with Jiangdong and make plans depending on the development of the situation.
"Super the stolen information that the Han Dynasty cannot be revived, and Cao Cao cannot be eliminated. As a general's plan, he can only reach Jiangdong to observe the world's challenges. Now he takes advantage of the north to eliminate Huang Zu, and attack Liu Biao, and finally defended it. Then he established an emperor to build an imperial position to seek the world: this is the cause of Emperor Gaozu."
This is the "Wu Palace" comparable to Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pair", also called "countermeasures before the bed", and was seven years earlier than Zhuge Liang. Is Zhuge Liang suspected of plagiarizing Lu Su?
Lu Su's appearance in front of Sun Quan is also comparable to Zhuge Liang's treatment. "(Sun) Quan respects him very much and talks with him, and he will never tire of talking to him." "Quan stayed at Lu Su and drank together, and lie down at night."
Moreover, compared with Zhuge Liang's Longzhong pair, Lusu's Wu Palace pair was implemented earlier! Although the strategic plan that Zhuge Liang made for Liu Bei was also far-sighted and far-sighted, there was no condition to implement it when Liu Bei visited the cottage three times. The Wu Palace in Lusu's strong support for Sun Quan, "Quan was overjoyed when he heard this, and put on his clothes to thank him" and "Quan followed his words", which had already begun from the moment he proposed to Sun Quan.
In 208 AD, Jingzhou Liu Biao died. Although the Sun and Liu families had a feud, Lu Su still suggested mourning to observe the situation. At this time, Liu Bei failed and lived in Jingzhou. He believed that if Liu Bei could unite with Liu Biao's two sons, he should form an alliance with Liu Bei and reject Cao Cao together. If the situation is contrary, he would make other plans. We must also take a step first so that Cao Cao will not walk ahead.
Unexpectedly, Lu Su had just arrived at Xiakou, Cao Cao had already gone to Jingzhou, Lu Su rushed to the south overnight, and Liu Biaozi had already surrendered to Cao Cao, and Liu Bei had no choice. Lu Su took the opportunity to persuade him and Sun Quan to join forces to resist Cao Cao. Liu Bei agreed very much and sent Zhuge Liang as a representative to Sun Quan to discuss military affairs. Lu Su's goal was achieved.
This shows that before Cao Cao took Jingzhou, Lu Su had already made plans to form a military alliance with Liu Bei, and also worked hard to gain time and race against Cao's army. Although he could not stop Liu Cong from surrendering, he fought for Liu Bei in time, strengthened his strength strategically, and took the initiative.
In the Battle of Red Cliff, he was a decision-making figure and the leader of the firmly pro-war faction.
Lu Su came back to report, Cao Cao declared that he would go east and threaten him by letter. Sun Quan's advisers all advocated surrender, but Lu Su opposed it. At this time, Zhou Yu was on an envoy to Poyang . Lu Su advised Sun Quan to return Zhou Yu, and appointed him as the governor, and Lu Su became the captain of the army (Chief of Staff).
Many people believe that Zhou Yu's role in persuading Sun Quan to resist Cao is far greater than Lu Su. The editor believes that this is not the case, because as usual, general military generals are responsible for fighting, civil officials are responsible for surrender, and Zhou Yu is responsible for fighting, as expected. The civil servant group headed by Zhang Zhao is responsible for surrendering, which makes Sun Quan hesitant. It was Lu Su's words that strengthened Sun Quan's determination to resist Cao.
"Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi·Biography of Lu Su" records: When Sun Quan and other generals persuaded Quan to surrender to Cao Cao, "but Su did not speak. Quan got up to change his clothes, Su chased him under the Yu, Quan knew his intention, and held Su's hand and said, "What do you want to say? Su replied: To observe the discussions of the people, he wanted to mislead the general, but he was not enough to do great things. Now Su can welcome Cao Cao, like a general, it is impossible. Why do you say that? Now Su welcomes Cao Cao, Cao should return Su to the village party and qualify his reputation and position, but he still does not lose the work of Cao Cao, rides a calf carriage, attends officials and soldiers, and travels to the scholars, so he has no loss of states and counties. General welcomes Cao, want to go home? I wish to make a big plan early to make a big plan. , don't use the opinions of everyone.
The people can surrender, but they are engaged in the lower Cao. The only general cannot surrender. This is the determination of Sun Quan to resist Cao.
After the Battle of Chibi, the Eastern Wu side had different voices about Liu Bei. Some advocated taking advantage of Cao Cao's weak power and marching westward to Sichuan and Sichuan, and then seeking the Central Plains, that is, to throw away Liu Bei or include Liu Bei into his strategic intentions and fight against Cao Cao independently. First, we will divide the world by Zhou Yu and Lu Meng . There is also a voice that advocates using Jingzhou and Liu Bei to protect themselves and jointly fight against Liu Bei. Resisting Cao Cao. The representative of this voice is Lu Su.
For the weakest corner of "the world has one of the three parts", Lu Su's proposition is obviously timely for Liu Bei, but for Sun Quan, it is difficult to judge whether it is right or wrong. The editor is more inclined to be correct with Lu Su.
Because, first, Cao Cao's Wei Kingdom is dominant in the three countries in terms of population, region, and degree of prosperity. Even if Dongwu can take Sichuan and Shu, he may not be able to resist Cao Cao. Second, if it is according to Zhou Yu's proposition, it will be inevitable. If you want to confront Liu Bei, it is likely that the situation of the Cao-Liu alliance to deal with the Eastern Wu. At that time, the situation was not a question of whether the world could be unified, but the second was whether the Jiangdong foundation could be preserved.
Therefore, Lu Su's judgment on the general trend of the world was very accurate. Sun Quan also highly recognized the strategic plan of three-part world. Although Sun Quan had a brief hesitation because Zhou Yu insisted on advancing westward, he finally adopted Lu Su's policy to make enemies for Cao Cao and build support for himself.
Therefore, in terms of influence on the Eastern Wu policy, Lu Su must surpass Zhou Yu.
Why did Lu Su, such an excellent strategist, become a good old man like a "loyal and honest elder" in Luo Guanzhong's writing? The main reason is that Luo Guanzhong deliberately blessed Liu Bei's side, and in order to highlight Zhuge Liang's foresight, Lu Su had to sacrifice. In the end, Lu Su played a role before and after the Battle of Chibi was arranged to Zhuge Liang.
Another secondary reason is that Lu Su is not a conspirator. He has implemented more of an open conspiracy, which is somewhat similar to the Xun Yu under Cao Cao. "A good at fighting has no great achievements" and "hidden in the market", so his reputation is not obvious, which makes Zhuge Liang the three countries alone!
