In the revolution era where heroes are competing for, it can be said that it is even more difficult to stand out without noble people.
Chiang Kai-shek It is of course necessary to stand out from the Kuomintang with its shallow qualifications. And this great nobleman is Chen Qimei.
With the help of noble people, Chiang Kai-shek started from scratch, devoted himself to the battlefield, and advanced step by step, seizing the Kuomintang's party and military power, and becoming a powerful figure in China's political arena.
Chiang Kai-shek has been determined to be a professional soldier since he was a child. In 1907, Baoding Military Academy selected Japanese students. Chiang Kai-shek was selected for self-recommendation, and more than 40 people including Zhang Qun came to Japan.
1908, Chiang Kai-shek entered Tokyo Zhenwu School to study military affairs. In this school, Chiang Kai-shek met Chen Qimei, the most important good brother in his life.
Chen Qimei is a revolutionary who follows Sun Yat-sen. She has a certain position in both Shanghai financial giants and gangs.
Chen Qimei is 9 years older than Chiang Kai-shek, has rich business experience, and is familiar with the operation of the gang. Chiang Kai-shek seemed to have found a backer and planted the seeds of hope, dreaming of one day in the future.
Under Chen Qimei's introduction, Chiang Kai-shek joined the Tongmenghui organized by Sun Yat-sen to become a member and was also fortunate to meet the revolutionary pioneer Sun Yat-sen.
Sun Yat-sen saw that Chiang Kai-shek was very smart and had a masculinity, and said happily: "It's a talent."
This is the most important step in Chiang Kai-shek's life. Without Chen Qimei, it would be impossible to know Sun Yat-sen. No one knows what Chiang Kai-shek will develop in the future.
After three years of studying at the Zhenwu School in Tokyo, Chiang Kai-shek became Chen Qimei's confidant and accumulated rich experience in secret political struggles.
During this period, Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Qimei and Huang Hui became sworn brothers of the opposite sex and became friends for the most. And make a vow: We must fight for safety and danger in the future, and we must taste the joys and sorrows when it comes.
Chen Qimei is the eldest, Huang Hui is the second, and Chiang Kai-shek is the third.
In order to express respect for the two brothers, Chiang Kai-shek engraved the oath of the three on the hilt of the sword and gave it to the two brothers as a gift.
After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Chen Qimei sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek to ask him to return home immediately. Chiang Kai-shek was afraid that the school would disagree, so he used tricks to ask for 48 hours of leave and returned to Shanghai on October 30, 1911.
Chiang Kai-shek became a revolutionary and Chen Qimei's right-hand assistant. After becoming the coveted emperor, Chen Qimei and other revolutionary comrades prepared to plan a general riot to weaken the Beijing government, protest against Yuan Shikai's claim to be emperor and maintain the republican system.
The riot was not successful, and Chen Qimei and Chiang Kai-shek became "rebels." In order to completely eliminate the "rebels", Yuan Shikai sent Zhang Zongchang to assassinate Chen Qimei, and Chen Qimei left with hatred.
After Chen Qimei was assassinated, Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly came from the apartment No. 11 and cried bitterly. Sun Yat-sen rushed over after hearing the news, but Chen Qimei still died with peace of mind.
Sun Yat-sen said with tears in his eyes: "Yingshi, go with peace of mind, I will be responsible for all responsibilities." He also wrote four words on the spot to express his sadness: "Lost me Great Wall ". It can be seen that Chen Qimei’s position in Sun Yat-sen’s heart.
After Chen Qimei's death, Chiang Kai-shek felt that the sky was about to fall and he had lost his only backing. How to live his life in the future, he must find a new big tree as a support.
Shortly after Chen Qimei's death, Yuan Shikai also died, and the Beiyang government's order to kill Chiang Kai-shek became a piece of paper. Fortunately, Chen Qimei had a good market in Sun Yat-sen's mind, and Chiang Kai-shek also benefited.
After Sun Yat-sen's Second Revolution, he organized the Chinese Revolutionary Party. Many old revolutionaries such as Hu Hanmin, Wang Jingwei, and Huang Xing, did not do it, but Chen Qimei followed closely behind and was the first to swore to press his handprint, which was deeply trusted by Mr. Zhongshan.
Chiang Kai-shek was also appreciated by Sun Yat-sen because he followed Chen Qimei. Chen Jiongming Rebellion against the revolution. In the early morning of June 16, 1922, more than 4,000 rebels besieged the Presidential Palace and prepared to bombard Yuexiu Tower with cannons.
Sun Yat-sen broke out of the encirclement and boarded the "Yongfeng" ship to take refuge, calling for the siege. Sun Yat-sen experienced the test of life and death and felt that the warlords were not reliable, so he sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek:
"Chen Jiongming launched a rebellion and bombarded the Presidential Palace. I am now on the Yongfeng gunboat outside the Baietan , and I am preparing to launch a counterattack. The matter is urgent, I hope to come quickly."
Chiang Kai-shek was in Nanjing at the time and rushed to Guangzhou immediately after receiving the telegram. He thought it was a good opportunity to approach Sun Yat-sen, and he happened to be in trouble, so he came to Guangzhou. When Sun Yat-sen saw Chiang Kai-shek, tears burst out from his eyes.
Sun Yat-sen granted him military command power. Chiang Kai-shek lived up to expectations and participated in the planning of operations, showing his military command talent. Sun Yat-sen escaped from danger, and Chiang Kai-shek also became Sun Yat-sen's trusted subordinate.
In 1923, Chiang Kai-shek served as the head of Dr. Sun Yixian's delegation and went to the Soviet Union to inspect and study. Chiang Kai-shek was very good at taking advantage of this opportunity to go abroad. After returning to China, he spoke full of revolutionary words and sentences, which was even more appreciated by Sun Yat-sen.
gilding from the Soviet Union not only expanded his personal social influence, but also accumulated political capital, laying a solid foundation for further success in the future.
Sun Yat-sen gradually realized the importance of the army during the revolution, and must have his own military revolution to succeed.
So, there was a plan to establish Army Officer School . Chiang Kai-shek was valued and appointed as the chairman of the Preparatory Committee of the Guangzhou Whampoa Military Academy. After the completion of the school, Sun Yat-sen further promoted Chiang Kai-shek to the vice principal of the Whampoa Military Academy. However, Chiang Kai-shek was unwilling to be the vice principal. The principal was selected as Cheng Qian and . Chiang Kai-shek and Li Jishen were both candidates for the vice principal.
In front of senior Kuomintang members, Chiang Kai-shek was promoted to vice president and was reused. Chiang Kai-shek was ambitious and unwilling to be a deputy. His goal was the principal.
As a junior, Sun Yat-sen is very nice to him, and others think it is very interesting. Chiang Kai-shek was unwilling to let down under Cheng Qian, and took the initiative to retreat.
Chiang Kai-shek took his own initiative and gave up the important task of preparing for the school. He also gave a resignation allowance to the staff recruited by the Whampoa Military Academy without authorization, saying that the school would not handle it anymore, please come back.
1924 On February 21, 1924, Chiang Kai-shek left Guangzhou and took his new love Chen Jieru back to his hometown from Shanghai, and even threatened Sun Yat-sen.
Chiang Kai-shek's purpose is very clear, which is to be the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy. The day after Chiang Kai-shek left, Sun Yat-sen appointed Liao Zhongkai as the chairman of the Preparatory Committee of the Whampoa Military Academy.
work cannot be stopped, and the overall situation cannot be affected by one person. Chiang Kai-shek still accumulated some connections, and as soon as he left, someone shook the flag for him.
He was afraid that Sun Yat-sen would no longer use him, so he found the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee member Zhang Jingjiang , Dai Jitao , Li Liejun and others to plead for him.
Zhang Jingjiang and Chiang Kai-shek are hardcore. He specialized in running from Shanghai to Guangzhou and suggested that Sun Yat-sen should still reuse Chiang Kai-shek. Li Liejun even recommended him with all his might. Li Liejun said to Sun Yat-sen: "The position of principal is Chiang."
Sun Yat-sen was at the moment of hiring people, and he also felt that Chiang Kai-shek was a talent. With everyone's recommendation, he opposed the opinions and appointed Chiang Kai-shek as the principal. On May 3, 1924, Sun Yat-sen finally decided to appoint Chiang Kai-shek as the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy.
On May 9, Sun Yat-sen appointed Liao Zhongkai as the representative of the Kuomintang in the military academy. It is also stipulated that all orders and official documents from the military academy must be signed by the party representative and handed over to the principal for execution, otherwise it will be invalid.
Chiang Kai-shek got his wish and became the principal. Let’s analyze why Chiang Kai-shek had to be the principal.
Chiang Kai-shek saw that Yuan Shikai could dominate the side with his personal army, and also saw that Sun Yat-sen had been engaged in the revolution for many years but had not completely defeated the warlords and unified China, but still suffered from not having a powerful force in his hands.
If you want to have a future success, you must cultivate your own power and find ways to build your own army.
has always been a staff officer and deputy. When will it be possible to make a comeback? Chiang Kai-shek recognized this and tried hard to fight toward this goal, although his qualifications were not enough at that time.
On June 16, 1924, the Whampoa Military Academy held its opening ceremony, with Sun Yat-sen personally presided over it, and Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech at the ceremony. Principal Jiang is very diligent and dedicated. He gets up at 5 o'clock every morning, leads the way, and is on the front line.
He also consciously cultivates his abilities, establishes prestige, and wins people's hearts. Every now and then, I asked some classmates to talk to his office. Chen Geng, Xu Xiangqian and others of the Communist Party of China have all been to his office. Of course, it also includes , Hu Zongnan, , etc.
He has met almost all the students alone and talked, and he has met many people and won over many people. Hu Zongnan and other classmates became regular visitors in his family and later became the backbone of the Kuomintang.
After the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek's status rose and he became a member of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee, member of the Military Commission, principal of the Whampoa Military Academy and commander of the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army. They have a certain voice in politics and military aspects.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek surpassed many of the Kuomintang's bigwigs, such as Wang Jingwei, Li Jishen, Cheng Qian and others.
Mr. Zhongshan died, Liao Zhongkai was assassinated, Hu Hanmin and Xu Chongzhi were excluded, Chiang Kai-shek rose straight, he saw that the Communist Party was left on the road ahead, so on March 20, 1926, the horrific " Zhongshan Ship Incident " was created.
"Zhongshan Ship Incident" caused all Communist Party members in the National Revolutionary Army to be expelled, party representatives were abolished, and the Communist Party of China suffered a major blow.
Several Soviet advisers who firmly opposed Chiang Kai-shek were also dismissed. Chairman of the National Government Wang Jingwei was expelled from the country. Chiang Kai-shek stood out, further consolidating his political and military status.
Although Chiang Kai-shek had a certain say at this time, his strength was not strong enough. So, on the fifth day of the incident, he staged another ugly drama of self-punishment, pretending to be serious and regretful to deceive the masses and consolidate his position.
under the guise of easing the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek created a long-planned "party affairs case" under the pretext of "eliminating doubts and eliminating disputes".
"Sorting Party Affairs Case" is to squeeze the Communists out of the central leadership of the Kuomintang, crack down on the left side of the Kuomintang, and seize the supreme leadership of the Kuomintang.
This proposal to restrict the activities of the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek obtained Borotin's consent in advance. The leader of the Communist Party of China’s Party and League Zhang Guotao gave in and signed the letter, which was equivalent to accepting the “organization of party affairs case.”
main content is: limiting the number of Communist Party members serving as executive members in the senior party department of the Kuomintang shall not exceed one-third of all executive members of the party department;
Communist Party members cannot serve as ministers of various departments of the Kuomintang Central Committee; all lists of Communist Party members who join the Kuomintang must be handed over, etc.
The Communist Party of China made another concession to Chiang Kai-shek, which was also a major concession in party affairs. The young Communist Party also paid the price for this.
Under the director of Chiang Kai-shek, Communist Party members who served as Minister of the Central Committee and Acting Minister of the Kuomintang Tan Pingshan , Lin Zuhan, Mao Zedong and others had to resign.
Wang Jingwei has left the country and left office. Tan Yankai was elected as Chairman of the Kuomintang Central Government and Chairman of the National Government. Zhang Jingjiang was appointed as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Central Standing Committee of the Kuomintang, and Chiang Kai-shek was appointed as Minister of the Central Organization Department and Minister of the Military Department.
Then, Chiang Kai-shek gave his position as Minister of Organization to his old partner of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, Chen Qimei's nephew, Chiang Kai-shek's god nephew Chen Guofu , Gu Mengyu became the Minister of Propaganda, and Ye Chu-shen became the Secretary-General of the Central Party Department.
On June 5, through the government's appointment, Chiang Kai-shek became the commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army. In this way, Chiang Kai-shek expanded his control and command over the army to various armies.
Zhang Jingjiang resigned due to illness. On July 6, the Central Committee of the Kuomintang held a plenary meeting, and Chiang Kai-shek was elected as chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang.
In this way, Chiang Kai-shek's power expanded rapidly, controlling the power of the Kuomintang, the National Government and the National Revolutionary Army, and becoming a new warlord leader.
As a political star, although Chiang Kai-shek combines party power, military power and regime power, his status is not stable and the power he gets may be lost at any time. In order to consolidate his position, Chiang Kai-shek organized the Northern Expedition to improve his status as a politician. Moreover, he paid attention to establishing his own direct troops. His fellow villagers can be seen everywhere in the first army formed by graduates of the Whampoa Military Academy.
With the victory of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek was full of confidence and wanted to seize the results of the Northern Expedition for himself. In November 1926, Northern Expedition Army entered Nanchang . Chiang Kai-shek established his own headquarters here.
November 26, the Central Committee of the Kuomintang held a meeting in Guangzhou and made a formal decision to move the capital to Wuhan.
Because the Northern Expedition Army conquered Wuchang , Nanchang and other regions, the need for revolution, signing in to the Mainland Center from the southern end of China has become an inevitable historical trend. 5 people including Soong Ching Ling followed the Northern Expedition Army to Wuhan first.
On December 7, the Kuomintang Central Committee held a meeting in Lushan, and Chiang Kai-shek proposed to move the capital to Nanchang, on the grounds that for the convenience of political and military development, he emphasized political and military cooperation, and the Party and Government Central Committee and the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Expedition Army should be together.
Chiang Kai-shek's reasons are very far-fetched, and of course there are voices of opposition. Some people say: Wuhan’s geographical location is much more important than Nanchang and is also very superior.
Wuchang is very convenient for water and land transportation. You can command the Beijing-Hanzhou line to the north and go east to the Yangtze River . You can command the Ninghai battlefield. If the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Army insists on being with the central government, he can move the headquarters to Wuchang.
On December 13, left-wing leaders of the Kuomintang Deng Yanda, Soong Ching Ling, Wu Yuzhang and the Communists unanimously opposed it and put forward their own opinions.
They also advocated the establishment of a temporary joint meeting of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee and the National Government members in Wuhan as the highest temporary party and government authority before the capital was moved.
But Chiang Kai-shek was even more ruthless. On December 31, Chiang Kai-shek brought Zhang Jingjiang, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang and Tan Yankai, Acting Chairman of the National Government, to Nanchang.
At the same time, several members of the Kuomintang Central Committee and members of the National Government who were passing through Nanchang were detained.
and with lightning speed, on January 3, 1927, the sixth extraordinary meeting of the Central Political Conference was held in Nanchang, illegally deciding that the Central Party Department and the National Government were temporarily stationed in Nanchang.
In this way, Chiang Kai-shek established a government in Nanchang in the name of the Central Committee. Later, he moved to Nanjing, which caused him to issue orders to suppress the Wuhan National Government in Nanjing, and Chiang Kai-shek's military dictatorship was achieved.
In the summer of 1927, three governments appeared on the land of China, Fengtian warlords Beijing government, Chiang Kai-shek Nanjing National Government , and Wang Jingwei's kuomintang Wuhan government. All governments do not give in to each other, dominate one side, and dominate each other.
Whoever wants to become the orthodox government of the Kuomintang and get the legitimate central name, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei began an endless struggle.
In order to deal with Wang Jingwei, Chiang Kai-shek once gave up the Northern Expedition and truceeded with Zhang Zuolin. He also won over Feng Yuxiang to strengthen his strength.
Wang Jingwei faced Chiang Kai-shek's siege and adopted a two-pronged strategy of anti-Chiang and lping the Communist Party, and regarded anti-Chiang as a key task and as political capital for anti-Chiang.
The storm is about to come and the wind fills the building. On July 29, 1927, the Kuomintang held a meeting in Lushan. Wang Jingwei conspired to eliminate all communists in the Nanjing government. However, at a critical moment, the young Communists launched the Nanchang Uprising on August 1.
Wang Jingwei ran back to Wuhan from Lushan and sent a telegram to Feng Yuxiang, telling them that they had completely anti-communist and that Chiang Kai-shek could no longer accuse them of redness. He also said: If we can be peacefully reunified, why do we have to fight? It is also OK to move the capital to Nanjing.
Feng Yuxiang believes that the time has come and Ning Han can make peace. He sent a telegram to both sides, suggesting to convene the Fourth Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang to completely resolve the dispute.
However, a new situation happened again. At that time, the Guangxi warlords Li Zongren , Bai Chongxi and others helped Chiang Kai-shek launch the "April 12 Counter-Revolutionary" coup, thinking that Chiang Kai-shek could treat them as brothers.
As a result, as soon as Chiang Kai-shek came to power, he eliminated dissidents and suppressed his brothers, and they had to bow down and surrender. These people were not obedient, so they had a conflict with Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek was trapped in a whirlpool and surrounded by enemies. Wang Jingwei, Feng Yuxiang, and Li Zongren were all not good at it. The thirty-six strategies were the best. On September 28, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek stepped down again.
The owner of the Nanjing government was replaced by New Guangxi , mainly focusing on the veterans of the Xishan Conference Sect to fight against Wang Jingwei.
In order to break the orthodox status of Wang Jingwei's Wuhan government, the two sides of Ningxia and Shanghai decided to establish the Central Committee of the Kuomintang to exercise the powers of the central government.
After some bargaining, a special committee of 32 people was generated. Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin, Chiang Kai-shek and others were elected.
This special committee broke Wang Jingwei's orthodox status. Among the 32 people, most of them were from the Guangxi clan and Xishan sect. Wang Jingwei's leadership status was in name only, and his power was almost squeezed out.
As a last resort, on September 13, Wang Jingwei issued a telegram to step down. The purpose of stepping down is to make a better comeback. These people are all politicians, and the purpose of stepping down is only temporary.
Wang Jingwei was unwilling to lose his position as leader. On September 21, he returned to Wuhan. He won over Tang Shengzhi and established the Wuhan Government Political Branch to support Tang Shengzhi to support troops and separatist forces, and to govern the two lakes and Jiangxi provinces.
This move was strongly opposed by the Nanjing government, and the Nanjing Special Committee ordered the cancellation of the Wuhan Political Branch. Wang Jingwei and Tang Shengzhi ignored it and a big battle was imminent.
The Nanjing government obtained the support of Cheng Qian and Zhu Peide and quickly defeated Tang Shengzhi. Tang Shengzhi was not strong enough and retreated back to Hunan, and the Nanjing government occupied Wuhan.
Wang Jingwei saw that Tang Shengzhi was not good enough, and thought of a new way, and he still wanted a warlord to be his backer. He and Zhang Fakui had a good relationship and were pulled over again.
Soon, Wang Jingwei ran to Guangzhou again and presided over the founding meeting of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Guangzhou with Li Jishen, Chen Shuren and others, and announced that the National Government would set up again in Guangzhou.
Wang Jingwei can be seen as a person who is good at leveraging the power, but his own strength is not good, so he always wants to hold others' thighs, which is also the reason why he later defected to the Japanese.
Ninghan confrontation was lifted, and the Ningyue confrontation began again, one chaos after another. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek left the wild and stayed at home a little annoyed, and he felt that it was time to go out, and there would be no good chance if he didn't come out.
Back to Shanghai from Japan, he sent a telegram to Wang Jingwei to discuss the issue of party and government unification. At this time, Wang Jingwei believed that cooperation with Chiang Kai-shek could compete with the Nanjing government and naturally moved closer to Chiang Kai-shek.
The Nanjing government panicked when he saw it and knew that Chiang Kai-shek was not a good man. If Wang and Jiang joined forces, it would inevitably pose a threat to themselves.
Because Chiang Kai-shek has the strength, it would be great if he makes a comeback, so he hurriedly intervened in and wanted to win over Chiang Kai-shek.
When Chiang Kai-shek saw this chaotic situation, both sides wooed him. What a great thing. Be an objective referee, you can just take advantage of it.
can be said to be a profitable fight between the snipe and the clam. Chiang Kai-shek's comeback this time is amazing, and the effect is better than the last time.
At the same time, Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang also sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek to support his reinstatement. Because after Chiang Kai-shek stepped down, the Fengtian warlords attacked Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang in the overall situation, and they could no longer resist it, and they would have to fight to Liangshan again.
Chiang Kai-shek became a hot commodity for a while and became the object of everyone's favor. Wang Jingwei was very active and proposed at the preparatory meeting of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee held on December 10 to request Chiang Kai-shek to be reinstated.
Li Zongren is even more ridiculous. He declared to the newspaper office: Wang Jingwei is anti-Chiang's capriciousness, and I always support Chiang. Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang also kept sending telegrams to Shanghai, asking Chiang Kai-shek to be reinstated as soon as possible.
Chiang Kai-shek was very happy. For a moment, he felt that he was God. In this way, Chiang Kai-shek was reinstated. The Ninghan dispute finally came to an end.
From February 2 to 7, 1928, the Kuomintang held the Fourth Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee in Nanjing. The plenary session formed the Military Commission with Chiang Kai-shek as chairman and the Central Party Headquarters as the Minister of Organization, thus strengthening Chiang's dictatorship.
From August 8 to 15, the Kuomintang held the Fifth Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee in Nanjing, passed the "Resolution on Political Issues" and "Collecting Military Cases", appointed Chiang Kai-shek as the Chairman of the National Government, and decided to strengthen centralization.
From then on, the Kuomintang headed by Chiang controlled the state power and established a one-party dictatorship that represented the interests of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie.
Chiang Kai-shek stepped down twice and went further twice. This is Chiang Kai-shek's rise.
I don’t know what readers will feel after reading it. Welcome to comment and follow.
