One day in October 1965 , Chairman Mao was at his table. After some careful consideration, he became firm and he called Premier Zhou on the phone and said: "You come to my room, I am important I want to discuss with you. "Premier Zhou heard Chairman Mao’s solemn tone and immediately realized that Chairman Mao was thinking about important things. Premier Zhou: "Okay, I'll go over, let's meet and talk."
Chairman Mao
After Premier Zhou hurriedly came to Chairman Mao's room, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou did not go to some of the past greetings. , Began to signal the surrounding guards to leave the room. There were only two people left in the room, Premier Zhou and Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao said: "Only we can know this plan." After a quiet conversation between the two of them, Premier Zhou's complexion became more and more serious, sometimes frowning and sometimes surprised. Throughout the conversation, the two people always maintained a serious state.
What are Premier Zhou and Chairman Mao talking about? Why can only two people know?
816 nuclear project construction background
After the end of World War II, more and more countries realized the importance of nuclear weapons. China once encountered the nuclear threat from the United States on the Korean battlefield. How will China face it?
In August 1945, American bombers successively dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. After seeing the power of the atomic bombs, Japan quickly surrendered, making World War II a quick end. Two mushroom clouds in the United States rose into the sky, not only ended World War II, but also caused nuclear fear in all countries in the world. No matter in any international affairs, everyone hears the name of nuclear weapons, and no one will talk about it.
Chairman Mao
After World War II,The United States and the Soviet Union are developing nuclear weapons frantically. Leaders of other countries also attach great importance to the importance of nuclear weapons. During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Chinese People's Volunteers were defeated all the way after the second battle of , so they felt very shameless MacArthur claimed to drop an atomic bomb on China. However, behind the Korean peninsula is the power of the Soviet Union. Once the United States uses an atomic bomb against China, the war in World War III will surely reignite. This is a result that the U.S. authorities do not want to see.
In the end, although the United States only showed its prestige against my country, the leaders of our country at that time attached great importance to the nuclear threat facing our country. Our country's backwardness in nuclear weapons has always been a worry for our leaders. Therefore, after the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, my country began its first five-year plan and began to develop its own nuclear weapons development road.
However, the good times did not last long. Since the husband of Khrushche came to power in 1956, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union gradually cracked. In 1960, Sino-Soviet relations became more tense due to ideological conflicts. Yu was a Soviet expert who ordered the withdrawal of Khrushchev from China. However, at this time, the road to China's nuclear weapons research is at a critical moment_ strong4strong. At that time, internationally, the environment facing New China was not optimistic. At this time, the United States was in the Vietnam War, and China's southern border was in danger of being burned by the American war.
Khrushchev
On August 2, 1964, the American destroyer and the Vietnamese navy torpedo ship fought fiercely, and the war burned to the southern border of China. At this time, China’s economic lifeline was all concentrated in the large cities along the southeast coast, all under the threat of U.S. bombers on the battlefield in Vietnam.It is not conducive to preparing for war. Although New China encountered difficulties in the study of nuclear weapons, it was at that time that New China emerged from the humiliation and suffering that lasted for a century in modern times. Therefore, it was impossible to easily abandon its nuclear weapons research to ensure its own national security. .
Xinjiang Lop Nur in the vast Gobi Gobi on October 16, 1964, a mushroom cloud skyrocketed, followed by a loud noise. Chairman Mao, who is in Beijing at this time, feels excited, because he understands that the new China at this is finally able to get rid of the nuclear threat between the United States and the Soviet Union. China’s first atomic bomb test succeeded, and the Chinese people are finally here to be proud. when.
After losing the help of the Soviet Union, the Chinese people finally succeeded in developing nuclear weapons through their own efforts. broke the nuclear monopoly of major powers and became the world’s largest after the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, and France. States with nuclear weapons. However, the problem that ensues is that nuclear weapons can only be used for nuclear counterattacks, but they cannot meet the needs of national defense. The use of atomic bombs to develop the nuclear industry has become the top priority in the development of national defense.
816 project construction process
816 project is the Great Nuclear Wall built by New China, the pillar of national security, this huge project will encounter those difficulties during the construction process ?
So one day in October 1965, Chairman Mao dialed Premier Zhou’s phone. After Premier Zhou arrived, Chairman Mao said straightforwardly: “Although our atomic bomb has already been studied successfully,However, China's nuclear industry has not achieved development. Premier Zhou listened, and he said to Chairman Mao for a moment of contemplation: “ China’s nuclear industry cannot stop here with the atomic bomb. " Chairman Mao said with joy after hearing this: "Everything will be done in advance, and we should build an underground nuclear wall to keep the nuclear threat of superpowers out of the country!" "
Soon, the central government began to formulate the 816 project construction plan , so a group of 816 expert groups that began nuclear industry research began to carry out site selection work. The purpose of nuclear weapons site selection at that time was to To build the Great Nuclear Wall to maintain national security, there are strict requirements for the concealment, solidity, and large areas of the region.
816 nuclear engineering
In fact, as early as the 1950s, China and the Soviet Union When the two countries were still in the honeymoon period, China, with the help of the Soviet Union, built several nuclear plants in the northwestern region of China. However, these nuclear plants have the same characteristics. They are all located in a desolate open area not far from the city. The purpose of 's site selection on the one hand can rarely affect the people, on the other hand, it can save economic expenses. The northwest region is mostly deserted, and the nuclear plant covers a large area, which can improve the land utilization rate.
So follow this idea Under the instructions of Premier Zhou, the 816 expert team began to search for addresses across the country, and finally determined the address at Chongqing Fuling Baitao. It was also chosen here for a reason. First, this place is located in China’s third-tier planning zone. , Located at the junction of the three provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, surrounded by many large mountains as cover. Compared with the northwest and southeast coasts, it is more concealed;
The mountains in this area are huge,It can meet the huge nuclear plant built under the 816 plan. The rocks on the mountain can withstand the attack of hydrogen bombs. Another reason is that there is sufficient water here, and people cannot live without drinking water. The development of industry is also very dependent on water sources. Nuclear reactors A lot of water is needed to dilute, and the Baitao area is not only close to the Wujiang River, but also the most convenient water intake area in this area.
Premier Zhou
In 1966, after Premier Zhou's approval, the 801 project was selected to start construction at Baitao, Fuling, Chongqing. The project covers an area of up to 104,000 square meters, and 60,000 people have participated in the construction successively. During the entire project period, it took nearly eight years to drill holes in the mountains, and it took nine years to install nuclear plant equipment. The entire project has gone through three stages: emergency construction, postponement, and suspension, with a total cost of 746 million yuan before and after.
The main purpose of building this factory at that time was to use as a rear base for the production of atomic bombs. Nuclear reactor construction is carried out here. The raw material for production is mainly plutonium-239 nuclear fuel, which is an in-tunnel project for production and power generation. In the entire nuclear plant, the most important is the nuclear reactor part, because there are a lot of waste water, waste and other pollutants for processing. On the Jinshan Mountain opposite the Wujiang River in Fuling, Baitao New Town, you can see an exhaust outlet of about 150 meters near the mountainside. From where to calculate, the distance to the underground 100 meters is the inside of the 816 project.
Such a huge project, under the ingenious construction of the People's Liberation Army, was successfully inserted in the unremarkable mountain. In the whole cave, the deepest part of the factory building is more than 400 meters, the top covering layer can reach 200 meters thick, and the core factory buildings are all above 150 meters. Therefore, under the protection of such a solid mountain rock, even if a 1 million tons of hydrogen bombs and 1,000 pounds of bombs hit directly, or even a magnitude 8 earthquake, it is difficult to cause harm to the 816 project cave.
816 nuclear project
101 job number was the largest cave in the 816 project at that time.It is also the location of the reactor. If it is divided according to the technological process, there are a total of twelve floors. There are a large number of reactors here, and its core area is the country's most developed computer body at that time. Although many parts have been rusted, they were still the most developed technology in the country at that time. The 816 project not only represented the most advanced architectural design and engineering design level at the time, but also won the National Science and Technology Conference Collective Award .
The passion of a generation behind the 816 project
50 years of memory, a generation of people have paid their passions here, they are selfless dedication to the country, and they are a group of warriors worthy of praise.
In that era, the 816 project was a top-secret national military project. The 54th Division of the Engineer Division directly under the Central Military Commission was responsible for the construction task. For national security, we must do our best to build a major third line. During the entire project period, under the instructions of the superior "emergency construction", the officers and soldiers of the 54th Division in charge of the construction raced against time, digging holes, laying bridges and erecting roads. A total of 76 officers and soldiers of gave their young lives .
Premier Zhou
By 1984, the state had allocated nearly 746 million for the 816 project, of which 85% of the construction projects and 65% of the construction projects had been installed. The roads, bridges, hydropower, and communication facilities of the nuclear reactor have been completed, and the construction can be completed by investing another 100 million yuan and a year's time.
However, the international situation facing China at that time has changed. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the party and the country made a judgment on the current situation and began to gradually strive for an international peaceful environment conducive to China’s modernization. Following the 1979 US President Carter came to the White House In front of the lawn,Together with the then Vice Premier of the State Council Deng Xiaoping announced that China and the United States officially established diplomatic relations.
Due to the transformation of Sino-US relations, which changed the view that war was inevitable at that time, Deng Xiaoping made a judgment: Peace and development will be the future theme . At that time, our country had established four modern development goals, and having a peaceful environment is an important thing. In the world at that time, although the danger of war was still there, as a whole, the power of peace had surpassed the power of war. The leaders of the central government at that time expressed hope for peace in the next two decades and were full of hope for maintaining peace in the world. .
Deng Xiaoping
At that time, considering that the 816 project was not an urgent construction project, the central government issued an order: 816 project postponed . Time arrived in June 1984, and the State Council and the Central Military Commission issued instructions at the same time that the 816 project was suspended. After the suspension of construction, the 816 nuclear plant was renamed Chongqing Jianfeng Chemical Group Company, accompanied by the fact that some people stayed and some left.
Some people have lived in this land for decades, and they stayed. Soon after, after their hard work, the 816 factory finally succeeded in transforming. After that, through a fertilizer order, the factory's return was successfully realized.
In April 2010, the 816 underground nuclear plant was finally launched to tourists in the form of tourism products attracted passengers from all over the country for sightseeing. Among them, tourism expert Zhu Shunzhi praised after visiting: "the world's largest artificial cave" . , who is quite accomplished in landscape design, Yu Kongjian Professor compares the 816 project to "the Harmony in the mountains".And said that it can be compared with the battle of the "Three Gorges Dam".
" third-line construction " is an indelible memory in the development of New China, and the 816 project located in Fuling District, Chongqing City is a typical representative of it. With the efforts of scientific research experts and PLA officers and soldiers, China's second nuclear reactor was born here, 's existing "world's largest artificial cave, the world's largest nuclear military project".
Nixon’s visit to China
In 50 years, ordinary engineering builders and successors, they have experienced from the 816 factory to the Chongqing Jianfeng Chemical Group Company, few people know In the depths of the Fuling mountainous area in Chongqing, after the selfless dedication of the third-line construction, they struggled and stubbornly fought against the harsh environment. With their efforts, they wrote a magnificent poem of loyalty and patriotism, selfless dedication, and hard work. .
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