Aspirin was originally derived from willow bark and was synthesized artificially at the end of the 19th century. It has also won a Nobel Prize. More than 100 years ago, it was first used in , an antipyretic and analgesic drug, . Later, scientists found more and more uses for it, ranging from antipyretic and analgesic to preventing tumors. So someone gave it a Jianghu hat - "magic medicine". Today we will take stock of its "god" functions.
, analgesic effect
is mainly through the inhibition of prostaglandin and other substances that make pain sensitive to mechanical or chemical stimuli (such as bradykinin , histamine ) synthesis, belonging to peripheral Painkillers. However, the possibility of central analgesia cannot be ruled out. It is effective for chronic dull pain, but not for acute sharp and severe pain.
2, antipyretic effect
It can reduce the body temperature of fever patients, but has no effect on normal body temperature. It may cause peripheral vasodilation, increased skin blood flow, sweating, and increased heat dissipation by acting on the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center Antipyretic effect, this central effect may be related to the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus.
3, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatism Anti-inflammatory effect. Regarding its antirheumatic effect, it is mainly due to its antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
4, anti- platelet aggregation
Aspirin prevents the generation of thromboxane A2 by inhibiting platelet prostaglandin epoxidase, thereby playing an anti-platelet aggregation role.
5, for Kawasaki disease
Aspirin is used in children with Kawasaki disease to reduce inflammation and prevent the formation of intravascular thrombus.
6, for diabetes
Aspirin may have the effect of promoting endogenous insulin secretion and hepatic glycogen synthesis, inhibiting intestinal absorption of sugar and promoting tissue uptake of sugar, thereby reducing blood sugar.
7, for Alzheimer's disease (senile dementia)
According to research, the risk of Alzheimer's and cognitive impairment in the elderly who regularly take aspirin is significantly reduced. Low-dose aspirin may reduce Alzheimer's worsening. This is because aspirin has the effect of enhancing cerebral blood flow and preventing blood coagulation.
8, reduce the incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal malignant tumors
Research shows that prostaglandin E2(PGE2) is very closely related to the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumors. As the tumor grows, the level of gradually increases, and aspirin can reduce the level of PGE2 , inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
Tumor tissue synthesis Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) increases, aspirin is obviously meaningful in preventing hypercoagulable state of tumor patients, and has anti-tumor metastasis effect. Aspirin treatment for 5 years or more: 35% lower risk of death from gastrointestinal cancer at 20 years.
9, for male contraception
Human semen contains 13 kinds of prostaglandins (PG) , the total amount of 300 mg/ml is conducive to the operation and conception of sperm, aspirin can reduce the concentration of PG in semen, resulting in the appearance of PG in semen More abnormal sperm, poor operation and play a role in reducing the probability of conception.
0. Reducing ototoxicityantibiotics damage to hearing
Animal studies have shown that when using aminoglycoside antibiotics, combined use of aspirin will reduce the occurrence of hearing damage. After the aminoglycoside antibiotic enters the human body, it combines with the iron element in the body to form the free radical , which can damage the hair cell .
When hair cells are damaged, the inner ear loses its ability to detect sound, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Aspirin is broken down into salicylates, which prevent the formation of free radicals, thereby reducing the occurrence of deafness caused by antibiotics.
1, treatment of biliary roundworm
After oral absorption, it is excreted from the bile, which changes the biliary tract environment, and roundworm is anorexia and exits the biliary tract.
2, Pre-eclampsia
The placental tissue and platelets of pre-eclamptic patients were significantly higher than those of normal pregnancy, TXA2 was significantly increased, while placenta, umbilical cord PGI2 and PGI2 metabolites excreted in urine decreased, and the normal PGI2/TXA2 balance was reduced. destroy. Therefore, restoring this balance with low-dose compound acetylsalicylic acid tablets (APC) is expected to prevent or treat the disease.
3, female infertility and habitual abortion
Aspirin can inhibit PG synthesis and can be used to treat habitual abortion and infertility due to increased PG, because increased PG in the body can promote fallopian tube peristalsis and destroy fertilized eggs Synchronization with the endometrium increases uterine contractility and reduces the secretion of , progesterone and from the corpus luteum of the ovary and affects the implantation of fertilized eggs.
4, Senile cataract
English "Medical News" Vol. 244 No. 23 Report: At the meeting held by the American Academy of Ophthalmology in Chicago, Gottler, a professor of ophthalmology at the Yale University School of Medicine, found that aspirin is a There may be some delay in the progression of senile cataracts. It can delay the development of the disease by 10 years, and can reduce the number of patients from surgery by 45% or more. Its exact inhibitory mechanism and clinical application need to be further studied.
Some studies suggest that the increase of tryptophan content in plasma in cataract patients increases the activity of aldose reducing sugar in crystals, and aspirin can not only inhibit the activity of aldose reductase, but also reduce the content of tryptophan in plasma , it is believed that aspirin can at least slow down the occurrence of cataracts.
The conclusion
said that aspirin has so many uses. In fact, there are still many studies on its new uses. But at present, it is mainly used for anti-platelet aggregation, followed by antipyretic, analgesic, and for Kawasaki disease. Some other functions are still in the research stage and have not been widely used in clinical practice.
