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psychological defense mechanism (Psychological defense mechanism) was originally proposed by psychoanalytical psychologist Freud , referring to self-repression on the id , this kind of repression is a completely subconscious self-defense.
is a psychological adjustment consciously or unconsciously to prevent individuals from entering difficulties in order to deal with pain, tension, anxiety, embarrassment in life.
Everyone will form various psychological defense mechanisms in the process of growing up and living. People carefully protect their inner balance under the protection of these psychological defense mechanisms.
If you want to know a person, understand his personality and experience, and look at the most commonly used psychological defense mechanism in his daily life, you can infer that it is almost impossible to match. How does the psychological defense mechanism of
people play a role?
For example, if a person sees someone eating grapes, " I " has a strong desire to eat, and objective adjustment determines that he cannot eat, "superego" will jump out and say you don't want to eat, and The heart of a person is in a drastic change. At this time, the "self" will neither consider the superego nor the "self" and say "I don't want to eat", which will make people's heart balance. When the psychological defense mechanism is running, we usually don’t realize it. But if we have professional knowledge as a foundation, we can effectively judge the individual's psychological defense mechanism in the process of getting along with others, thereby better achieving social activities.
There are fourteen main psychological defense mechanisms proposed by psychologists. Today we mainly talk about the following more common ones.
suppression. This is the first psychological defense mechanism proposed by Freud. It refers to when an individual actively excluding his painful memories and emotional impulses from consciousness in social activities, thereby maintaining external calm. Repression often has two results. either explodes or dies completely .
People with repression as the main defense mechanism usually encounter long-term oppression during their growth. After multiple training and strengthening, they will gradually get used to being treated unfairly, and even rationally oppressed in order to calm their hearts.
If a person always accepts it, then it can be concluded that her psychological defense mechanism is repression.
denied . Deny means that the individual purposefully forgets all the pain and unpleasantness that occur, denies their existence, thereby avoiding psychological imbalance.
This phenomenon occurs almost the same frequency among adults and children, but the magic is that people often find it difficult to recognize the denial of adults, but they can see through the denial of children at a glance.
Because adults have experienced a lot, the skills of denying it are even more superb.
If the denied defense mechanism becomes a person's main psychological state, then the person will grow very slowly. Because he cannot learn from the events that have happened.
social groups often don’t like people with this kind of psychological defense mechanism, and this type of people often make others feel insecure.
. understands the objective facts you see in the way you like, so as to maintain your inner balance. In fact, each of us will distort it intentionally or unintentionally in the process of understanding things, and few people can achieve 100% objectiveness. But excessive misinterpretation can lead to extreme behaviors in people participating in social activities.
Sometimes misinterpretations are something we can personally avoid. Only by maintaining an objective perspective can we see the whole picture of things. sometimes misinterpretation is inevitable. For example, if you ask a farmer who is slow to react and lacks knowledge to read "Lust and Caution", he will inevitably not see human nature and game, and all he can see is pornography.
degradation. Degeneration refers to the rational method of a person giving up adults when encountering setbacks and directly using early naive methods to avoid reality.
yelling, falling things, and physical violence that occurs when adults quarrel is actually a certain degree of regression to , and in this way avoids the anger that things do not develop as expected.
In addition, human psychological defense mechanisms include transfer, idealization, rationalization, projection, introduction, reverse effect, homogenization, isolation, and sublimation humor.
The defense mechanism a person has is not a single one, usually multiple defense mechanisms coexist, and the defense mechanism is activated internally based on different situations.
But everyone has a defense mechanism that is used the most, and that defense mechanism is hidden in a person's most obvious personality tendency.
Because that means that a certain situation occurs most often in his past life, this defense mechanism is often activated. But it doesn’t matter whether it’s good or bad, different types of people have their way of survival.
As long as we do not disturb social order, we usually do not elevate it to the level of mental illness.
That is to say, no matter which defense mechanism you are dominant, if your defense mechanism can coexist in harmony with society and have the ability to live in harmony with society, then you will not be considered an alien, marginalized, and thus be regarded as a mentally healthy person.
- The End -
Author | Tommy
Edit | It won’t rain
first psychological writer group | A group of young people who like to look up at the stars
Reference materials: Bruk, A., Scholl, S. G., & Bless, H. (2018). Beautiful mess effect: Self–other differences in evaluation of showing vulnerability. Journal of personality and social psychology, 115(2), 192-205
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